pra malavee ate puaadhee upabhaashaavaan baare bahupakhee jaanakaaree diau|

pra panjaabee deean poorabee ate pachhamee upabhaashaavaan daa antar sapastt karo|

pra panjaabee deean upabhaashaavaan vich sur dee varaton baare sankhep jaanakaaree dio|

pra guramukhee lipee dee praacheenataa ute chaananaa paao|

pra guramukhee lipee deean vishestaavaan biaan karo|

pra guramukhee lipee deean lagaamaataraavaan dee varaton baare jaanakaaree dio|

pra guramukhee likhataan vich bindee, ttipee ate adhak dee varaton baare jaanakaaree dio|

pra guramukhee lipee de nikaas ate vikaas sanbandhee charachaa karo|

pra kee guramukhee lipee hee panjaabee lee dtukaveen lipee hai charachaa karo|

pra panjaabee shabad jorraan deean samasiaavaan baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra pratikoolataa eenachompattibilitte ton kee bhaav hai misaalaan sahit sapashatt karo|

pra panjaabee vaakabanatar vich shabadaan dee tarateeb baare misaalaan sahit jaanakaaree diau|

pra sanyukat vaak ate misharat vaak daa nikherraa karo|

pra panjaabee kiriaavaakansh vich varate jaande kiriaa sbadaan deean kisamaan baare sankhep jaanakaaree diau|

pra bhaashaa ate lipee daa antar sapastt karo|

pra lipee deean kisamaan baare sankhep jaanakaaree diau|

pra poorabee panjaabee deean likhataan vich gh, jh, dt, dh ate bh akharaan de uchaaran baare nott likho |

pra shabad ate arath de aapasee sabandhaan baare sankhep nott likho|

pra sur tthone dee varaton de pakhon panjaabee deean upabhaashaavaan daa nikherraa karo|

pra bhaashaaee ate gairabhaasaaee chihanaan vich kee antar hai

pra viaakaranak shreneean sabandhee tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra vaakaatamak banataraan ute ik sankhep nott likho|

pra panjaabee kaarakaprabandh tuseen kee jaanade ho audaaharanaan sahit charachaa karo |

pra panjaabee vaach prabandharroiche aute ik sankhep nott likho|

pra panjaabee kaalaprabandhatthenase shesattema aute ik visataar pooravak nott likho|

bhaag doojaa

chhotte prashan

pra itihaasak bhaashaa vigiaan hisattorichal linaguisattichasa kee hai

pra sanrachanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan shattaruchattural linaguisattichasa kee hai

pra sosior noo aadhunik bhaashaa vigiaan daa modtee kiaun kihaa jaandaa hai

pra fefarriaan dee ponadhaaraa vidhee kee hundee hai

pra naad yantaree ponadhaaraa vidhee ghalottttalich air sattaream nechhanisama kee hundaa hai

pra komalataalavee ponadhaaraa vidhee rrelarich air shattaream nechhanisama kee hai

pra susat uchaarak fasasive arattichulattorasa kee hunde han

pra chusat uchaarak achattive arattichulattorasa kiharrekiharre hunde han

pra vaaravaarataa ate teebarataa sanbandhee tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra pich fittachaha kee hai

pra svar kee hunde han

pra vianjan dhuneean kee hundeean han jaan vianjanaan dee paribhaashaa dio|

pra aradh svar jaan aradhavianjan shemarroaaela kee hunde han

pra deeragh svar kee han ate panjaabee vich deeragh svar kiharre han

pra baaharale gutte de svar kee hunde han panjaabee bhaashaa vich ih kiharrekiharre han

pra sur tthone kee hai jaan sur dee paribhaashaa dio|

pra mauakhik dhuneean kee hundeean han

pra naasakee dhuneean kee hundeean han

pra ddakaven vianjan kee hunde han

pra addakaven vianjan kee hunde han

pra vianjan guchhe chhonasonanatt chhalusatterasa kee hunde han

pra vianjan sanyog kee hundaa hai

pra vaak sur kee hundee hai

pra naasikataa nasalizattiona kee hai

pra roop vigiaan norapahologe baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra samaanaarathak shabad kee hunde han

pra virodhaarathak shabad kee hunde han

pra bahuarathak shabad kee hunde han

pra samooh arathak shabadaan baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra samaroopak shabad kee hunde han

pra arath vigiaan ton kee bhaav hai

pra dhaatoo ate vidhetar daa antar sapashatt karo|

pra sutantar ate bandhejee bhaavaanshaan daa antar sapastt karo|

pra viautapatee shabad rachanaa dherivattional aanorad dtormattiona sabandhee tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra roopaantaree shabad rachanaa eenaddalechattional aanorad ddormattiona sabandhee tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra samaasee shabad rachanaa chhomapounadinaga baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

pra upabhaashaa vigiaan dhialechattologe dee paribhaashaa dio|

pra vaak ate upavaak daa nikherraa karo|

pra vaakansh fahrase ton kee bhaav hai charachaa karo|

pra arath sankoch ton kee bhaav hai

pra arath visataar ton kee bhaav hai

pra arath palattaa ton kee bhaav hai

pra bhaaratee panjaabee deean mahaanpraan dhuneean lee guramukhee lipee vich kine ate kiharre lipaank han

pra guramukhee lipee vich kiharreean akhanddee dhuneean lee kine ate kiharre lipaank han

pra viraam lipaank ton kee bhaav hai guramukhee de viraam lipaankaan baare sankhep nott likho|

pra goorr lipaank ton kee bhaav hai

pra hetthaleean dhuneean vichon kise panj de dhunee aatamak lachhan biaan karo|

pra sur tthone ate vaakasur eenattonattiona vich kee antar hai

pra sandarabh moolak vaakaan ton kee bhaav hai

pra dhunee vigiaan fahonettichasa ate dhunee viaunt fahonologe daa antar sapashatt karo

pra dhunee aagam ton kee bhaav hai

pra dhunee viparaj ton kee bhaav hai

pra dhunee lop ton kee antar hai

pra dhuneevikaar ton kee bhaav hai

pra dut vianjan gheminattiona kisanoo aakhade han

pra tulanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan kisanoo aakhade han

pra chin dee paribhaashaa dio|

pra neeveen pich ate uchee pich daa antar sapashatt karo|

pra pich ate sur daa antar sapashatt karo|

pra uchaaran sathaan flache odd arattichulattiona kee hai

pra uchaaran lahizaa kee hai

pra uchaaran rol chhiosure ton kee bhaav hai

pra panjaabee bhaashaa vich kiharre vianjan sbad de suroo vich naheen aaunde

pra bal dee paribhaashaa diau ate panjaabee bhaasaa vich is dee varaton de nemaan baare daso|

pra dhunee graam ate sahidhuneegraam daa antar sapashatt karo|

pra roopaantaree pichhetar kee hunde han

pra agetar ate pichhetar daa antar sapashatt karo|

pra sutantar dhaatoo ate bandhejee dhaatoo daa antar sapashatt karo|

pra sahibhaavaash kee hunde han

pra duharukatee dee paribhaashaa dio|

pra panjaabee deean surarahit upabhaashaavaan baare daso|

pra siraaeikee upabhaashaa dee koee vises pachhaan daso|

bhaag pahilaa

bhaashaa vigiaan

panjaabee bhaashaa te guramukhee lipee

prashana bhaashaa vigiaan kee hai eis de adhiain khetar sanbandhee vee charachaa karo|

autara aich. e. galeesan ne bhaashaa sanrachanaa de adhaar te bhaasaa vigiaan noo ajihaa vigiaan dasiaa hai jo bhaasaa dee andaroonee sanrachanaa de adhaar te bhaasaa daa adhiain karadaa hai| dooje sbadaan vich injh vee kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki bhaasaa vigiaan ik ajihaa vigiaan hai jo vigiaan dristteekon noo bhaasaa dee andaroonee sanrachanaa daa adhiain karadaa hai| is tarhaan bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa de adhiain daa ik vigiaanak dtang hai|

bhaashaa vigiaan bhaasaa daa vigiaan hai|

linaguisattich is ttehe sachienattiddich aae odd sattudinag lanaguage. dhavid charesttala jaan bhaashaa vigiaan noo shachienache odd lanaguage jaan a sachienattiddich sattude odd lanaguage vee kihaa jaandaa hai | jadon bhaashaa vigiaan noo bhaasaa daa vigiaanak adhiain kihaa jaandaa hai taan is daa matalab ih hai ki bhaasaa vigiaanak jithe ik paase bhaasaa dee varaton naal bhaasaaee nemaan dee sathaapanaa karadaa hai, authe dooje paase inhaan nemaan de adhaaraan te kise vishes bhaasaa dee sanrachanaa daa lekhaajokhaa vee karadaa hai| is tarhaan bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa dee nirol andaroonee banatar naal hee sanbandhit naheen hai, sagon bhaashaa de baaharee varataare naal hee sanbandhit hundaa hai|

bhaashaa dee sanrachanaa daa adhiain karan vele bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa dee sanrachanaa daa adhiain do pahilooaan ute karadaa hai| ik pahiloo bhaasaa de itihaasak vikaas kram de parraavaan noo uleekan daa hai| ih bhaasaa daa itihaasak adhiain hai| jadon bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa de itihaasak vikaas kram de parraavaan dee nisaanadehee karadaa hai taan is noo itihaasak bhaasaa vigiaan dee vanagee pradaan keetee jaandee hai| jiven jadon panjaabee bhaasaa de adhiain vele ih dekhiaa jaave ki panjaabee bhaasaa kinaakinaa vikaas parraavaan noo taia karadee ajokee sanrachanaa noo grahin karadee hai arathaat panjaabee bhaashaa vaidik, sansakrit, kalaaseekal sansakrit, paalee, prakirataan ate apabharanshaa raaheen aj dee panjaabee de saroop noo kis tarhaan grahin karadee hai taan ih adhiain itihaasak bhaasaa vigiaan de adhiain khetar vich aaundaa hai| jiven sansakrit bhaasaa daa sbad chandramaa, paalee vich chandoo te ajokee panjaabee vich chand ban giaa hai| is tarhaan sansakrit daa sapataaha panjaabee vich hafataa ban jaandaa hai| sansakrit daa sarapaaha panjaabee vich sapa ban jaandaa hai| ise prakaar kee hor anekaan shabadaan de saroop parivaratan raaheen panjaabee bhaasaa de vikaas kram de parraavaan noo vaidik sansakrit tak lijaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai| ih bhaasaa de vikaas dee gal hai| bhaasaavaan de vikaas kram naal sanbandhit bhaasaaee adhiain noo itihaasak bhaasaa

vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai| prantoo jadon bhaashaa vigiaan bhaasaa de itihaas daa adhiain dee bajaae bhaasaa de samakaalee varataare naal sanbandhit hove taan us noo sanrachanaatamak bhaasaa vigiaan dee vanagee vich rakhiaa jaandaa hai| sanrachanaatamak bhaasaa vigiaan vich kise bhaasaa vises dee sanrachanaa daa vislesn keetaa jaandaa hai| bhaasaa de ihanaan saare pakhaan de antar sabandhaan noo ujaagar keetaa jaandaa hai jo sanbandhit bhaasaa noo ik saarathik samache roop vich prasatoot karade han|

auparokat varanan uparant bhaashaa vigiaan naal sanbandhit mukh mudiaan noo sootarik roop vich paribhaast keetaa jaa sakadaa hai| ih mude mukh roop vich tin hana

a bhaashaa vigiaan kee hai

a bhaashaa vigiaan daa adhiain khetar kee hai

e itihaasak bhaashaa vigiaan kee hai

a bhaashaa vigiaan bhaasaa daa vigiaan hai jis vich bhaasaa dee aantarik drishattee ton bhaasaa noo samajhan daa yatan keetaa jaandaa hai| bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa de adhiain daa ik vigiaanak dtang hai|

a bhaashaa vigiaan daa adhiain khetar bhaasaa dee sanrachanaa daa sarabaangee adhiain hai| bhaasaa dee banatar vich tin pakh hunde han| dhunee pakh, roop pakh ate arath pakh| bhaashaa vigiaan bhaasaa de dhunee pakh, roop pakh ate arath pakh dee vigiaanak samajh hai| bhaashaa vigiaan daa adhiain khetar bhaasaa dee banatar de inhaan tinaan pakhaan daa vigiaanak adhiain hai|

e itihaasak bhaashaa vigiaanajadon bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaavaan daa adhiain bhaasaa de vikaas parraavaan dee dristtee ton kare taan us noo itihaasak bhaasaa vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai|

bhaashaa vigiaan daa adhiain khetar bhaasaa vigiaan de adhiain khetar vich bhaasaa de tine hee pahiloo aa jaande han| bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa daa adhiain dhunee pakh, roop pakh ate arath pakh dee drishattee ton karadaa hai| is karake kihaa jaandaa hai ki bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaaee adhiain vele dhunee pakh ton suroo ho ke arath pakh daa adhiain karadaa hai| bhaasaa vigiaan de adhiain khetar noo niman likhat rikhaank duaaraa vee darasaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai|

bhaashaa vigiaan daa adhiain khetar dhunee ton arath tak daa safar hai|

dhunee pakha dhunee pakh dee drishattee ton bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaa daa adhiain do dharaatalaan ute karadaa hai| dhuneean daa uchaaran pakh ate dhuneean dee varaton daa pakh| dhuneean de uchaaran pakh vich kise bhaasaa vises deean dhuneean dee uchaaran prakiriaa

daa vishalesn keetaa jaandaa hai| ih dekhiaa jaandaa hai ki sanbandhit bhaasaa vich dhuneean daa uchaaran kiven keetaa jaandaa hai | jadon bhaasaaee adhiain vele dhuneean dee uchaaran prakiriaa daa adhiain keetaa jaave taan is noo dhunee vigiaan fahonettichasa kihaa jaandaa hai|

dhunee vigiaan dhuneean de uchaaran naal sabandhit hai | dhunee vigiaan bhaashaaee dhuneean daa vigiaanak adhiain hai|

dhuneean de adhiain naal sanbandhit doojaa pakh dhuneean dee varaton naal sanbandhit hai| uchaareean geean dhuneean dee kise bhaashaa vises vich viauntabandee kiven hundee hai dhuneean de parasapar vicharan de sahipaittaran kiven siraje jaande han dhuneean dee aapasee saanjh ate virodh de jutt kiven sathaapit keete jaande han | dhuneean de varataare naal sanbandhit bhaashaa vigiaan dee is saakhaa noo dhunee viaunt pahonologe de antaragat vichaariaa jaandaa hai|

dhunee viaunt dhuneean dee viauntabandee ate varataare naal sanbandhit hai|

roop pakha bhaashaa de roop pakh daa adhiain valon bhaasaa vigiaan ate viaakaran noo aapas vich galamadd kar liaa jaandaa hai | bhaasaa vigiaan ik anusaasan hai jis vich bhaasaa dee andaroonee sanrachanaa de tinaan pakh dhunee pakh, roop pakh ate arath pakha daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai jadon ki viaakaran siraf bhaashaa de roop adhiain naal hee sanbandhit hundaa hai | roop pakh vich agon bhaasaaee adhiain deean do vanageean han| bhaavaas viaunt norapahologe ate vaak viaunt shenttana| bhaavaas viaunt vich shabad banatar ate sbad rachanaa deean vidheean daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai| dhuneean de aapasee seh vicharan de paittaranaan raaheen sbad daa niramaan kiven keetaa jaandaa hai, eih pakh bhaavaash viaunt norapahologe naal sanbandhit hai| jadon shabad ton vaddereean ikaaeean de niramaan dee gal keetee jaave taan us noo vaak viaunt kihaa jaandaa hai| vaak viaunt shenttana vich shabad ton vaddereean ikaaeean jiven vaakans pahrase aupavaak chlause ate vaak senattenache dee viaakaran banatar daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai|

bhaavaansh viaunt fagatt; dhunee ton shabad

vaak viaunt fagatt; shabad ton vaak

arath pakha bhaashaa vigiaan adhiain khetar vich bhaasaaee adhiain daa teejaa pakh arath pakh hai| bhaasaaee arath prakiriaa naal sanbandhit bhaasaa vigiaan dee is saakhaa noo arath vigiaan shemanattichasa kihaa jaandaa hai | arath vigiaan arathaan de arathaan daa vigiaan| is noo arath vigiaan noo shachienache odd meaninag kihaa jaandaa hai|

arath vigiaan fagatt; arathaan de arathaan daa vigiaan

har ik shabad de arathaan de do pakh hunde han | ih arath uh han jo sbad dee

eik koshagat ikaaee vajon saakaar hunde han | ise arathaan noo kosgat arath lenichal meaninaga kihaa jaandaa hai| jiven kaan de koshagat arath ik jaanavar noo saakaar karade han| prantoo jadon ziaadaa bolan vaale viakatee lee kaan sbad dee varaton keetee jaave taan is noo prasangik arath chhonattenattuala kihaa jaandaa hai |

shabad dee varaton siraf kise ik prasang vich hee naheen keetee jaandee | bhaasaaee varaton de kee prasang han| ghar vich varate jaande sbad paanee, rottee kise dhaaramik asathaan te jala ate parashaadaa vich paravaratit ho jaande han | is tarhaan hee jatee jorraa ban jaandee hai| ih bhaasaaee varaton daa saamaajik prasang hai|

prantoo kee vaar jadon ik shabad noo ik ton vadhere bhaasaaee prasangaan vich varatiaa jaave taan unhaan de arath tabadeel ho jaande han|

a munddaa ghar jaandaa hai|

a munddaa roee jaandaa hai|

auparokat vaakaan vich a vaak vich aaeaa shabad jaandaa de arath jaana de han jadon ki a vaak vich aaeaa sbad jaadaa nirantarataa, lagaataarataa daa soochak hai | shabad de is prasang noo viaakaranak prasang kihaa jaandaa hai|

eis prakaar bhaashaa vigiaan ajihaa vigiaan hai jis vich bhaasaaee dee andaroonee banatar daa adhiain vigiaanak dristteekon ton keetaa jaandaa hai| bhaasaaee adhiain prakiriaa dauaraan bhaasaa vigiaan dhunee ton arath tak daa safar teh karadaa hai|

prashana kee bhaasaa vigiaan vigiaan hai

autara vigiaan ik viaapak sankalap hai jis dee varaton mukh roop vich praakiratak ate shudh vigiaan nattural anad pure sachienache de prasang vich hee keetee jaandee rahee hai| aj vigiaan noo samaaj ate vihaarak vigiaanaan de prasang vich vee varatiaa jaan lagaa hai | bhaashaa vigiaan vee ik ajihaa pratakh vigiaan emapirichala hai jo bhaashaa de adhiain vele vigiaanak maap danddaan noo adhaar banaa ke bhaasaaee sanrachanaa de nemaan noo sathaapit karadaa hai| vigiaanak nem saravaviaapak jaan abadal naheen hunde sagon inhaan vich prasathiteean de parivaratan naal badalaav aaunde rahinde han| bhaasaa vigiaan vee ajihaa vigiaan hai jo bhaasaa dee varaton te varataare anusaar bhaasaaee nemaan daa niramaan karadaa hai | bhaasaa vigiaan dee nem niramaan vidhee nettahodologe vigiaan hai|

bhaashaa vigiaan bhaasaaee namooniaan de pratakhan raaheen parikalapanaa karadaa hai| parikalapanaa vislesn raaheen sadhaaraneekaran jaan nikaaran dee sattej te pahunchee hai| aj de bhaasaaee nem kal rad vee ho sakade han| jiven panjaabee bhaasaa vich budhoo, giaanee, jageeradaar jo kade sanamaan jaan pratishatthaa yukat san, aj trisakaar jaan naamukh arathaan noo dhaaran kar ge han| valaaeit jo siraf ingalaindd tak hee seemat see aj dtoreigan de arath noo dhaaran kar ge han| bhaashaa vich nit naven parivaratan vaaparade rahinde han| bhaasaaee nemaan vich vee tabadeelee aaundee rahindee hai| is pakaar bhaasaa vigiaan bhaasaaee varaton de namooniaan raaheen hee bhaasaaee nemaan daa niramaan karadaa hai| bhaasaaee nem niramaan dee ih vidhee vigiaanak hai jo bhaasaa vigiaan noo vigiaan dee srenee vich saamil karadee hai|

eis lee bhaashaa vigiaan ik omapirichal shachienache hai|

prashana roopaantaree sirajaanatamak bhaasaa vigiaan kee hai

autara roopaantaree sirajanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan daa praaranbh prasadh bhaasaa vigiaan nom chomasakee naal hundaa hai| nom chomasakee dee pusatak shenttachattich shattaruchattures jo 1957 vich prakaashit hundee hai, roopaantaree sirajanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan| viaakaran daa adhaar banadee hai|

roopaantaree sirajanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan bhaasaaee vislesn de tin mool tathaan dee viaakhiaa keetee gee hai| ih tin mool tath sankalapan hana aaranbhak banatar, gahin saranchanaa dheep shattaruchatture, antak banatar, satahee saranchanaa shurddache shattaruchatture ate roopaantaree niyam tthranasaddormattional rulesa jis tal satah ton vaak dee sirajanaa shuroo hundee hai, aus noo aaranbhak banatar jaan gahin sanrachanaa kihaa jaandaa hai ate jis roop vich vaak saadde saahamane aaundaa hai, aus noo antak sanrachanaa jaan antak sanrachanaa kihaa jaandaa hai | aaranbhak banatar noo antak banatar naal jorran vaale roopaantar noo roopaantaree nem kihaa jaandaa hai|

eih tin mool sankalap roopaantaree viaakaran de adhaar moolak sankalap han| is ton ilaavaa roopaantaree sirajanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan vich vaakans usaaree nem fahrase shattaruchatture rulesa sirajanaatamikataa chhareattivitte yogataa ate nibhaa chhomapettenache anad peraddormanache pakhaan baare vee gal keetee jaandee hai |

vaakansh usaaree nema vaakansh usaaree nemaan vich vaak de unhaan rachanaatamak angaan daa vivaran hundaa hai jo aapane ton vadderee ikaaee daa sirajan karade han| nom chomasakee duaaraa prasatut vaakans usaaree nem sanrachanaatamak bhaasaa vigiaan vich

aupalabadh nikattaang vishalesn daa ikaeik roop han|

vaakansh usaaree nema

vaak fagatt; naav vaakansh kiriaa vaakans

naanv vaakansh fagatt; vishesn naanv sanbandhak

vishesn fagatt; vishesn₁ vishesn₂ vishesn₃ vishesn₄,

sabandhak fagatt; nenoo

kiriaa vaakansh fagatt; naanv vaakansh kiriaa vaakans

naanv vaakansh fagatt; naanv sanbandhak tonleeval noo

kiriaa vaakansh fagatt; mukh kiriaa sanchaalak kiriaa sahaaeik kiriaa

bhaashaaee yogataa ate bhaasaaee nibhaa faradeenaa d sosior duaaraa prasatut laang ate porol noo nom chomasakee ne roopaantaree sirajanaatamak bhaashaa vigiaan vich yogataa ate nibhaa de sankalapaan raaheen pes keetaa hai| donon sankalap hee bhaasaaee bodh de kramavaar samoohik ate viakateegat paasaar han| jithe sosior duaaraa prasatut laang ate pairol samaajik han, authe bhaashaaee yogataa ate bhaasaaee nibhaa nirol manovigiaanak sankalap han|

chomasakee daa ih mat hai ki bache dee bhaashaa noo grahin karan dee samarathaa jamaandaroo hundee hai ate sareerak tauar te vikasat hundee hai| is vikasat bhaasaaee yogataa daa nibhaa ate roopaantaran peerrhee dar peerrhee chaladaa rahindaa hai| is lee chomasakee anusaar bhaasaa manakhee varataare daa samach naheen hai sagon manakhee dimaag dee yogataa hai| chomasakee daa mat hai ki bhaasaa noo grahin karan dee yogataa seemat hundee hai jo aseemat bhaasaaee niyamaan raaheen roopamaan hundee hai| chomasakee ne manakhee man andar bhaasaa dee yogataa noo ganit vich upalabadh hindasiaan dee ginatee raaheen sapastt keetaa hai| ganit vich ik ton lai ke 9 tak 19 hindase hunde han ate inhaan dee varaton raaheen anaginat rakamaan banaaeean jaa sakadeean han| is tarhaan hee bhaashaa de seemat nem aseemat vaakaatamik banataraan noo saakaar karade han| is lee roopaantaree sirajanaatamik viaakaranabhaasaa vigiaan vich mool sarokaar siraje ge vaak naheen sagon vaakaan noo sirajan dee sanbhaavanaa hai| chomasakee anusaar bhaasaaee bulaare kol is aantarik nem paranaalee hundee hai jinhaan dee varaton raaheen uh anek vaakaan dee sirajanaa kar sakadaa hai| aantarik nem paranaalee bhaasaaee yogataa hai ate siraje ge vaak bhaasaaee nibhaa|

prashana prakaarajee bhaasaa vigiaan dee paribhaasaa dio ate is de adhiain khetar baare vee charachaa karo|

autara bhaashaa dee banatar pichhe bhaasaaee kaaraj nihit hundaa hai| bhaasaa vich alagaalag prakaar de paravachanaan dee vivasathaa bhaasaaee prakaaraj dee vibhinataa kaaran hee hundee hai| bhaasaaee saroop ate sanrachanaa de prakaarajee pahiloo naal sabandhit bhaasaa vigiaan noo prakaarajee bhaasaavigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai| prakaarajee bhaasaa vigiaan daa mukh sanchaalak ate modtee bhaasaa vigiaan aim e ke haileedde hai|

prakaarajee bhaashaa vigiaan roop ate arath jaan viaakaran ate arath viaunt dee davait noo naakaar ke bhaasaaee roop ate bhaasaaee prakaaraj dee davandaatamikataa noo saveekaaradaa hai| prakaarajee bhaasaa vigiaan dee pahunch vidhee anusaar bhaasaaee saroop ate sanrachanaa aap muhaaree jaan aapahudaree naheen hai sagon bhaasaaee bulaare sarote deean bhaasaaee lorraan ute nirabhar karadee hai| aim. e. ke. haileedde ne bhaasaa de mukh roop vich tin prakaarajaan dee gal keetee hai

1 vichaaraatamak prakaaraj eenadeattional ddunachattiona

2 antar viakatee prakaaraj eenatteraperasonal ddunachattiona

3 paatthaatamak prakaaraj tthenattual ddunachattiona

vichaaraatamak prakaaraj daa sanbandh manakh dee sochan prakiriaa naal hai| manakh dee sochan prakiriaa saakaaraatamik hai jaan naakaaraatamik saakaaraatamik sochan prakiriaa manovigiaanak hundee hundee hai jo agon akaramanee vaakaan dee sirajanaa karadee hai jadon ki nakaaraatamik sochan prakiriaa bhauatik hundee hai jo agon sakaramak vaakaan dee sirajanaa karadee hai| bhaashaa de antar viakatee prakaaraj daa sanbandh vaarataalaap jaan bhaasaaee pravachan vich saamil dhiraan deean bhaasaaee lorraan naal hai | hukameean, biaaneean jaan prashanavaachak vaakaan dee sirajanaa bhaasaaee pravachan vich saamil dhiraan dee lorr upar hee aadhaarit hundaa hai| kise soochanaa noo grahin karan dee lorr vich prasnavaachak vaakaan dee sirajanaa hundee hai jadon ki soochanaa noo pradaan karan dee lorr vichon biaaneean vaakaan dee sirajanaa hundaa hai

a raam kithe giaa hai

a raam dilee giaa hai|

a vaak prashanavaachak vaak hai kiaunk is vich soochanaa praapat karan dee lorr saamil hai| jadon ki vaak a biaaneea vaak hai kiaunk is vich grahin keetee gee soochanaa noo doojiaan naal saanjhaa keetaa jaandaa hai| is prakaar hee man de veg jaan sanvedanaa noo abhiviakat karan lee visamak vaakaan dee sirajanaa keetee jaandee hai| is prakaar ih sapastt hai ki bhaasaa dee har ik sanrachanaa pichhe koee naa koee bhaasee prakaaraj nihit hundaa hai|

bhaashaa dee varaton prasang noo torr ke naheen keetee jaa sakadee| bhaasaa noo kise naa kise bhaasaaee prasang dee pooratee hit hee varatiaa jaandaa hai| jadon bhaasaa dee varaton bhaasaa de prasang dee lorraan dee pooratee hit keetee jaave taan bhaasaa daa paatthaatamak prakaaraj hai| bhaasaa de paatthaatamak prakaaraj raaheen hee paatth noo sbadaan jaan vaakaan de samooh ton vakharaaeaa hai|

a gaddee holee chalaau|

a gaddee holee chalaau, age sakool hai|

a vaak nirol viaakaranak vaak hai| jis ton bhaashaaee varaton daa prasang gaaeib hai| jadon ki a vaak ik paatth hai| gaddee holee chalaau noo ik vishe bhaasaaee prasang de antaragat hee varatiaa giaa hai| is prakaar ih tath sapastt hundaa hai ki har ki bhaasaaee sanrachanaa jaan saroop vich us daa koee naa koee bhaasaaee

prakaaraj zarooree chhupiaa hundaa hai|

prashan bhaasaa ik chinh prabandh hai, charachaa karo|

autarabhaashaa ik chin prabandh shigan shesattema hai| bhaav hai ki bhaashaa vich upalabadh sbadaanchinhaan dee varaton kise vises bhaasaaee prasang adheen hee keetee jaa sakadee| bhaasaa de sanchaar maadhiam vajon bhaasaa kol kee prakaar chinh prabandhaan de up chinh prabandh hai jinhaan dee varaton vibhin sanchaar prabandhaan vich keetee jaandee hai| samachee sanchaar prakiriaa manakh deean giaan indareean de iradagirad ghunmadee hai| manakh bol raaheen, eishaare raaheen, raag rang raaheen, sugandh raaheen te saparash raaheen sanchaar prakiriaa noo saakaar kar sakadaa hai| prantoo ih bol prabandh, gandh prabandh, sangeet prabandh, saparash prabandh kise vises bhaasaaee sisattam de antaragat hee sanchaar prakiriaa noo bahaal karade han| sabhiaachaar vich safaid rang gamee jaan mauat daa prateek han jadon ki pachham vich ihee rang khusee daa sanket dindaa hai| panjaabee sabhiaachaar vich naa kaaran lee sir maariaaferiaa jaandaa hai jadon ki dakhan de sabhiaachaar vich haan karan lee sir feriaa jaandaa hai| is prakaar hee jadon kise aauarat ne lorr ton vadh tiaaree keetee hundee hai taan lok keh dinde han ki aj barree mushakee firadee hai| parantoo inhaan chinhaan dee varaton prasang ton binaan sanbhav naheen hai| ihee karake hee sosior ne bhaashaa noo ik chinh prabandh vajon savikaar keetaa hai| chinaan de adhiain naal sabandhit vigiaan noo us ne chinhavigiaan shemiologe aakhiaa hai| chinh vigiaan ik ajihaa sarabaviaapak vigiaan hai jis de antaragat kise vee sanchaaraprabandh daa adhiain sanbhav hundaa hai|

prashana chihan, chihanak ate chihanat baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

autaraehar prakaar dee soochanaa de vaahak noo chin dee vanagee vich rakhiaa jaandaa hai| koee vee shabad, sanket, saparash jaan rang, sugandh jekar kise sunehaa daa sanchaar karadee hai taan us noo chin kihaa jaandaa hai| is lee sadhaaran shabadaan vich kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki soochanaa de vaahak noo chin kahinde han|

chihana soochanaa de vaahak noo chin kahinde han| jiven chup rahin lee adhiaapak vidiaarathee noo ih kihaa jaandaa hai,

golaa paa paao|

balaan te ungalee rakhan lee keh sakadaa hai|

chaak daa kharraak kar sakadaa hai|

shee see dee aavaaz paidaa karadaa hai|

eih saare soochanaa de vaahak han| soochanaa chup rahinaa hai ate vaahak alagaalag han| is prakaar har ik chihak vich sike vaangoo do pahiloo hunde han| ik soochanaa jiven chup rahinaa ate doojaa vaahak jiven bolanaa, eishaaraa karanaa, kharraak karanaa sosior ne soochanaa noo chihanat shiganiddieda ate vaahak noo chihanak shiganiddire kihaa hai| dihanak ate chihanat noo ik dooje naalon ag karake naheen dekhiaa jaa sakadaa| chihanak baaharee jagat vich upalabadh vasatoo jaan praanee noo naheen saakaar karadaa sagon samen us praanee jaan vasatoo de binb noo ujaagar karadaa hai| is

prakaar hee chihanak ate chihanat de aapasee sanbandhaan noo ttraifik siganalaan vich varate jaande rangaan de prasang vich samajhiaa jaa sakadaa hai, jiven laal batee khatare jaan rukan daa sanket dindee hai, haree batee jaan te peelee batee tiaar hon daa|

laal batee fagatt; dhunee binb fagatt; chihanak fagatt; chihan

khataraarukanaa fagatt; sankalap fagatt; chihanat fagatt; chihan

sosior ne chihan dee mudtalee vishestaa chihanaan dee aap muhaarataa jaan ap muhaarapan dasiaa hai| chihanaan dee aamuhaarataa daa bhaav hai ki chihanaan vich chihanak ate chihanat daa ristaa sathir naheen hundaa| ih parivaratanaseel hai| jiven panjaabee bhaasaa vich ghorraa sbad lee angarezee bhaasaa vich horase dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| is tarhaan hee bhaarat vich rel gaddee de turan vele haree jhanddee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai jadon ki japaan vich laal jhanddee daa is ton bhaav hai ki chihanat ate chihanak daa rishataa sathir naheen hundaa|

bhaashaa vich chihanak ate chihanat daa ristaa hee sathir naheen hundaa sagon chihanak ate chihanat aapane aap vich hee ap muhare hunde han| panjaabee vich varatiaa jaandaa sbad haarr daa kadee uchaaran ashaarr rihaa hai te kee aashaadd| eis tarhaan dee hafataa kite hapataa vich ate kite sapataah vich uchaariaa jaandaa hai| shilale shabad de arath kade sanamaan yukat san te hun apamaan yukat | is tarhaan giaanee kade giaanadaataa see te kade bholaa sidharr| is prakaar chihanak ate chihanat de rishate vich vee ap muhaaraapan hai ate inhaan de viakateegat saroop vich dee| is karake hee sosiaur ne chihanaan dee prakiratee apamuhaaree dasee hai|

chihanak ate chihanat de sanbandhaan dee apamuhaarataa dee saarathikataa is karake vee vadh jaandee hai kiaunk sosior bhaashaa noo ik chin prabandh vajon grahin naheen| karadaa| jekar bhaasaa naamaavalee tak hee seemat hundee taan ik bhaasaa dee sbadaavalee noo kise doosare bhaasaa vich anuvaad karake bhaasaa noo grahin karanaa sauakhaa honaa see| par ajihaa naheen hai samachee bhaasaaee sbadaavalee pichhe bhaasaa daa samaajik sabhiaachaarak varataaraa kaarajaseel hundaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa de chaachaa, taaeaa, maamaa, fufarr, maasarr shabadaan noo angarezee bhaasaa de oonachale shabad vich tabadeel naheen keetaa jaa sakadaa| ajihaa is karake hai ki harek chin aapamuhaar hundaa hai| bhaasaa noo samaajik prasang ton vichhun ke saarathikataa pradaan naheen keetee jaa sakadee| is lee sosior ne bhaasaaee chinhaan dee mukh visest chinhaan dee aapamuhaaree prakiratee dasee hai|

prashana dhunee vigiaan dee paribhaasaa dio ate is de vibhin parakaaraan sanbandee charachaa vee karo|

autara har prakaar dee dhunee paidaa karan lee koee naa koee prakiriaa hundee hai| jadon vee koee do vas taan ik doojee naal ttakaraaundeean han taan dhunee utapan hundee hai| bhaashaa deean dhuneean dee paidaa vee ise prakaar hundee hai| jadon koee do ang ik dooje naal saparas sathaapit karade han taan dhunee paidaa hundee hai | dhunee de adhiain noo dhunee vigiaan fahonettiesa kihaa jaandaa hai|

dhunee vigiaan dhuneean de vigiaanak adhiain noo dhunee vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai| dhunee vigiaan dhuneean daa vigiaan hai|

jadon vee koee manakhee dhunee utapan hundee hai taan us daa koee naa koee bhaashaaee prakaaraj hundaa hai| bhaasaa daa mukh sarokaar sanchaar hai | bhaasaaee dhuneean vee sanchaar lee varateean jaandeean han| seesee dee dhunee paidaa karanaa jaan laikachar sattaindd te chaak naal ttikaek dee aavaaz paidaa karan bhaasaaee sanchaar deean vidheean han| is lee utapan keetee dhunee ne bhaasaaee bulaare de moonh vich nikalake sarote de kanaan tak pahunchan hundaa hai| reddeeo sattesn te sarotaan vich dhunee sanchaar vee kise prakaar hee hundaa hai| is prakaar dhunee adhiain de tin pakh ban jaande han| ik pakh dhuneean de uchaaran dee prakiriaa naal sanbandhit hundaa hai, dooje pakh dhuneean dee yaataraa karan dee prakiriaa naal sanbandhit hundaa hai| arathaat bolee jaan uchaaree gee dhunee sarote de kanaan tak kiven pahunchadee hai| reddeeo ttaraansafaaramar ton chhaddeean dhunee tarangaan sarotiaan tak kiven pahunchadeean han | teesaraa pakh dhuneean noo grahin karan naal hai | dhuneean kanaan ton sarotaan de dimaag tak kiven pahunchadeean han| jiven jadon aseen pala daa uchaaran karade haan taan ih shabad bulaan ton nikalake vaayoo tarangaan raaheen sarote de kanaan vich hundaa hoeaa dimaag tak pahunchadaa hai| jadon dhuneean de uchaaran amal daa adhiain keetaa jaave taan is noo uchaaranee dhunee vigiaan arattichulattore fahonettichasa kihaa jaandaa hai | uchaaranee dhunee vigiaan dhuneean de uchaaran amal dee prakiriaa naal sanbandhit hundaa hai| jiven pa dhunee de paidaa karan lee fefarriaan ton paidaa hoee vaayoo dhaaraa bulaan upar rokee jaandee hai | is lee pa noo hetthee jaan do hotthee dhunee kihaa jaandaa hai|

auchaaree gee pa dhunee vaayoo tarangaan de maadhiam raaheen sarote de kanaan tak pahunchadee hai| jadon dhunee sanchaar prakiriaa daa adhiain keetaa jaave taan is noo sanchaaree dhunee vigiaan achousattich fahonettichasa daa naan ditaa jaandaa hai |

auchaaran dhunee vigiaan dhunee sanchaar prakiriaa daa adhiain hai| sanchaareet dhunee vigiaan vich dhunee tarangaan shounad aanavesa aavaratanee dtaretuenache shor loudanesasa aad pakhaan baare jaanakaaree pradaan keetee jaandee hai |

dhunee adhiain daa teejaa pakh dhuneean noo saravan karan dee prakiriaa naal sanbandhit hai| bhaashaaee bulaare duaaraa paidaa keetee gee dhunee noo sarotaa kiven sunadaa hai| dhunee sravan prakiriaa naal sanbandhit dhunee adhiain noo shravanee dhunee vigiaan audittore fahonettichasa kihaa jaandaa hai | sravanee dhunee vigiaan sarote de kanaan ton lai ke sarote de dimaag tak hundee shravanee prakiriaa daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai |

shravanee dhunee vigiaan dhuneeshravan prakiriaa daa adhiain hai|

eis prakaar dhunee vigiaan dee paribhaashaa hit kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki dhuneean de vigiaanak adhiain naal sanbandhit vigiaan noo dhunee vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai| dhunee vigiaan de tin prakaar han| uchaaranee dhunee vigiaan, sanchaaree dhunee vigiaan ate shravanee dhunee vigiaan | uchaaranee dhunee vigiaan dhuneean de uchaaran naal sanbandhit hundaa hai| sanchaaree dhunee vigiaan vich dhuneean de safar

karan dee prakiriaa daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai | shravanee dhunee vigiaan vich dhuneean dee sunan prakiriaa de vibhin pahilooaan noo adhiain daa aadhaar banaaeaa jaandaa hai| dhunee vigiaan dee preebhaashaa ate parakaaraan noo niman rekhaank raaheen vee darasaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai;

prashana dhunee uchaaran prakiriaa kee hai

autaradhunee uchaaran prakiriaa daa sanbandh dhunee uchaaran vele fefarriaan ton lai ke bulaan daramiaan vaaparadee uchaaran prakiriaa naal hai | dhunee uchaaran prakiriaa dauaraan fefarriaan te bulaan daramiaan jo kiriaavaan prateekiriaavaan vaaparadeean han, aunhaan daa adhiain uchaaran prakiriaa de antaragat keetaa jaandaa hai| uchaaran prakiriaa arathaat dhunee uchaaran prakiriaa dauaraan tin paranaaleean kaarajasheel hundeean hana saah pranaalee resapirattore shesattema dhunee pranaalee fahonattore shesattemaate uchaaran pranaalee arattichulattore shesattema|

saah pranaalee saah pranaalee daa mukh kaaraj vaayoo dhaaraa paidaa karake dhunee uchaaran prakiriaa daa praaranbh karanaa hundaa hai | vaayoo dhaaraa paidaa karan vich fefarre, chhaatee de patthe ate saah pranaalee mukh bhoomikaa adaa karade han| chhaatee de patthe fefarriaan te dabaa paa ke vaayoodhaaraa noo baahar val dhakel de han jo saah nalee vich pravesh karake dhunee uchaaran daa adhaar banadee hai| vaayoodhaaraa vakh vakh tareekiaan raaheen dhunee uchaaran prakiriaa daa aadhaar banadee hai| vaayoodhaaraa jis tareeke naal dhunee uchaaran daa aadhaar banadee hai, ausanoo pauanadhaaraa vidhee air shattaream mechhanisama kihaa jaandaa

hai| pauanadhaaraa vidheean do prakaar deean hundeean han| baahar varatee pauanadhaaraa vidhee ate andaravaratee pauanadhaaraa dhaaraa vidhee| jadon dhuneean de uchaaran vele vaayoodhaaraa fefarriaan ton baahar val noo aaundee hai taan is noo baahar varatee pauanadhaaraa vidhee kihaa jaandaa hai| is de ulatt dhuneean de uchaaran vele vaayoo dhaaraa fefarriaan andar paravesh karadee hove taan us noo andaravaratee pauanadhaaraa vidhee kihaa jaandaa hai

dhunee pranaalee dhunee pranaalee saah dee prakiriaa noo dhuneegoonj vich tabadeel karadee hai| dhunee pranaalee vich mukh roop vich naadatantareean rrochal chhoradasa ate kantthapatthaar kaarajasheel hunde han| fefarriaan vichon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa naadatantareean raaheen langhaake hee dhuneean daa uchaaran karadee hai| naad tantareean de prakaar deean dhuneean noo paidaa karadeean han| naadee jaan saghos rroicheda dhuneean ate naada rahit jaan aghosh rroichelesasa dhuneean| jadon naadatantareean de daramiaan dee vith galottattisa aam saah lain dee avasathaa vaalee hove taan us samen paidaa hoeean dhuneean naad rahit rroichelesasa jaan aghosh hundeean han| jiven panjaabee deean k, kh, ch, f, t, th, p, b, hindee deean , , , , , , , ate angarejee deean p, tt, k aad dhuneean naak rahit jaan aghosh dhuneean han| jadon naak tantareean dee vith galolattisa bahut ghatt hundee hai ate havaa inhaan vichon sangharash karadee nikaladee hai taan paidaa hoeean dhuneean naakee jaan saghos rroicheda hundeean han| jiven panjaabee bhaashaa vich g, gh, j, jh, d, dh, b, bh, dd, dt hindee vich , , , , , , , ate angarezee vich b, d, g aad dhuneean naakee jaan saghosh voicheda hundeean han|

auchaaran pranaalee uchaaran pranaalee dhuneean de uchaaran amal noo saakaar karadee hai| saah dhunee vich tabadeel hoke uchaaran dee avasathaa tak pahunchadaa hai|

saah resapirattiona fagatt; dhunee rahonattiona fagatt; auchaaran arattichulattiona

auchaaran prakiriaa vich samache uchaaran angaan noo liaa jaandaa hai| auchaaran pranaalee vich bul, dandapatthaar, taaloo, kaakal ate jeebh aad uchaaran angaan noo liaa jaandaa hai|

prashana uchaaran angauchaarak attalichulattorasa kee hunde han eih kiharrekiharre hunde han

autara uh ang jo dhunee uchaaran prakiriaa vich kise naa kise roop vich sahaaee hunde han, aunhaan noo uchaaran ang kihaa jaandaa hai | jiven bul, dand, dand

patthaar, sakhat taaloo komalataal, kaakal, jeebh saare hee uchaaran ang han|

honttha hontthaan raaheen do tarhaan deean dhuneean paidaa keeteean jaandeean han| do hontthee bilabiala dhuneean ate hontthee dandee labiodenttala| jadon fefarriaan vichon aaundee vaayoo dhaaraa de hontthaan raaheen rok ke chhaddee jaave taan uchaareean geean dhuneean do hontthee dhuneean hundeean han| panjaabee deean p, f, b, bh, m hindee deean , , , , ate angarezee deean p. b, m do hontthee dhuneean han| parantoo jadon fefarriaan vich aaundee vaayoodhaaraa hontthaan ate dandaan duaaraa aashik roop vich rokee jaandee hai taan uchaaree gee dhunee honttheedandee hundee hai| jiven ki tt ate v dhunee hontthee dandee hai| tt aghosh hundee hai jadon ki v saghosh dhunee kahee jaandee hai|

danda dandaan raaheen dantee denttala dhuneean paidaa hundeean han| fefarriaan vichon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa noo dandaan de uchaaran sathaan te ddak ke dhuneean daa uchaaran keetaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee vich ta,th, d, dh, na hindee vich , , , , aad dandee dhuneean han|

dand patthaar alaveolar ridagejadon dhuneean de uchaaran vele fefarriaan ton aaundee havaa noo dandaan de pichhale paase rokiaa jaave taan is prakaar uchaareean geean dhuneean noo dandapatthaaree alavealora dhuneean kihaa jaandaa hai| angarezee dee ttha ate panjaabee dee la dhunee dand patthaaree dhuneean han|

sakhat taaloo harad flatte sakhat taaloo raaheen taalavee fattalapa dhuneean daa uchaaran hundaa hai| fefarriaan vichon aa rahee vaayoodhaaraa jadon sakhat taaloo te ddak ke chhaddee jaandee hai taan uchaareean geean taalavee hundeean han| panjaabee bhaashaa deean ch, chh, j, jh, y hindee deean , , , , ate angarezee dee e dhunee taalaveean dhuneean han|

komalataaloo shoddatt flatte komalataatoo ton komalataalavee rrelara dhuneean paidaa hundeean han| panjaabee deean k, kh, g, gh, ng, hindee deean , , , , angarezee deean k, g dhuneean komalataalavee dhuneean han|

komalataaloo siraf komalataalavee dhuneean de uchaaran daa aadhaar hee naheen banadaa sagon komal taaloo hee mokhik aurala ate naasikee nasala dhuneean de vakhareven daa aadhaar banadaa hai| jadon komal taaloo upar noo utthiaa hundaa hai taan is prakaar nak daa rasataa band ho jaandaa hai | is avasathaa vichon mauakhik dhuneean aural shounadasa daa uchaaran hundaa hai| is de ulatt jadon komal taaloo naa hetthaan noo jhukiaa hundaa hai taan is naal nak te moonh dohaan daa rasataa hee khulh jaandaa hai| is avasathaa vichon naasikee nasala dhuneean daa uchaaran hundaa hai| panjaabee vich m, n, v, ng. y, hindee vich , , ate angarezee vich m, na dhuneean daa uchaaran us samen hundaa hai jadon komal taaloo hetthaan val jhukiaa hundaa hai|

kaakala kaakal de uchaaran sathaan ton bahut ghatt dhuneean uchaareean jaandeean han| angarezee bhaashaa vich ta ate arabee faarasee vich 9 kaakalee dhuneean han|

jeebha jeebh ajihaa uchaaran ang hai jis de uchaaran sathaan ton sabh ton vadh dhuneean daa uchaaran keetaa jaandaa hai| jeebh de agale hise raaheen danbhee ate danta

patthaaree, vichakaarale hise raaheen taalavee ate jeebh de pichhale hise raaheen komal taalavee dhuneean daa uchaaran keetaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee vich t, th, d, dh dantee n, l, s danbh patthaaraa, ch, chh, j, jh, n, taalavee te k, kh, m, gh, jh, komalataalavee dhuneean han|

prashana panjaabee deean svar dhuneean sanbandhee charachaa karo|

autarapanjaabee bhaashaa vich kul 10 svar han| a, aa, ai, aau, ei, ee, au, aoo, o| inhaan dasaan vich tin svar laghoo svar han | laghoo svar a, ei ate u han | baakee 7 svar deeragh han| deeragh svar vich aa, ai, aau, ee, e, aoo, o han | deeragh svar shabad deean tinaan prasathiteean vich aa sakade han jadon ki laghoo svar sbad de akheer ate deeragh svar ton baad naheen aa sakade| svaraan deean baakee visestaavaan niman likhat anusaar hana

a aradh neevaan vichakaaralaa ate gulaaee rahit laghoo svar | is svar shabad de akheer ate deeragh svar ton baad naheen aa sakade|

o shabad de suroo vich

ak

al

a shabad de vichakaar

palap a l

kalak a l

e aradh uchaa, vichakaaralaa, gulaaee rahit, laghoo |

eih shabad de akheer vich ate deeragh svar ton baad naheen aaundaa|

o shabad de suroo vich

eis

eik

a shabad de vichakaar

sira s i ra

sathiras a th i ra

katthinak a tth i na

au aradhauchaa, vichakaaralaa, gulaaeedaar, laghoo|

eih shabad de akheer vich ate deeragh svar ton baad naheen aaundaa|

a shabad de suroo vich

ausa u sa

sahuraa s a u h r aa

mahuraa m a m u h r aa

roos r u sa

ee agaleraa, auchaa, gulaaee rahit ate deeragh|

eih svar shabad de mudt vich, vichakaar ate akheer te vichar sakadaa hai|

a shabad de suroo vich

een

eerakhaa

eesarr

eesaa

a shabad de vichakaar

kaseer k a s ee r

neer na ee r

peer p ee r

kasees k a s ee s

e shabad de akheer vich

eerree ee rr ee

peeree p ee r ee

haathee h aa th ee

thaapee th aa p ee

e aradh uchaa, agaleraa, gulaaee rahit deeragh|

eih svar vee shabad de suroo vich, vichakaar te akheer te aa sakadaa hai|

a shuroo vich

es e s

edhar e dh a r

eraa e r aa

ekataa e k a ta aa

a vichakaar

haneraa h a na e r aa

teraa ta e r aa

saveraa s a v e r aa

deree d e r ee

e akheer vich

savere s a v e r e

kaame k aa m e

maame m aa m e

bache b a ch ch e

ai neevaan, agaleraa, gulaaee rahit deeragh| ih shabad de suroo vich, vichakaar ate akheer vich aa sakadaa hai|

a shuroo vich

aipar ai p a r

ainak ai na a k

aitavaar ai ta v aa r

aish ai s

a shabad de vichakaar

sair s ai r

mailee m ai l ee

khair kh ai r

vairee v ai r ee

e shabad de akheer vich

bhai bh ai

lai l ai

hai h ai

svai s v ai

aa neevaan, gulaaee rahit, vichaakaralaa, deeraghashabad de suroo vich, akheer te vichakaar aa sakadaa hai|

a shabad de suroo vich

aap aa p

aas aa s

aar aa r

aakee aa k ee

a shabad de vichakaar

saar s aa r

paap p aa p

saak s aa k

raakh r aa kh

e shabad de akheer vich

saaraa s aa r aa

kaaraa k aa r aa

kaamaa k aa m aa

raakhaa r aa kh aa

aaua neevaan, gulaaeedaar, pichhaleraa, deeraghashabad de suroo vich, vichakaar ate akheer te aa sakadaa hai|

a shuroo vich

aauakh aau kh

aauans aauan s

a vichakaar

hathauarraa h a th aau rr aa

pauarree p aau rr ee

bhauaraa bh aau r aa

kauaddee k aau dd ee

e shabad de akheer vich

jalau j a l aau

bhauan bh aauan

sauan s aauan

rauan r aauan

o aradhauchaa, pichhaleraa, gulaaeedaar, deeraghashabad de suroo vich, akheer te vichakaar aa sakadaa hai|

a shabad de suroo vich

ott o tt

omo m

okalaa o k a l aa

orrak o rr a k

a shabad de vichakaar

korree k o rr ee

dhobee dh o b ee

ghol gh o l

morr m o rr

e shabad de akheer vich

ghio gh i o

khalo kh a l o

karo k a r o

maro m a r o

aoo uchaa, pichhalaa, gulaaeedaar, deeragh| shabad de suroo vich, akheer ate vichakaar aa sakadaa hai|

o

aootth aoo tth

aoorraa aoo rr aa

aoot aoo ta

a shabad de vichakaar

kasoor k a s aoo r

soor s aoo r

moorraa m aoo rr aa

dhoonee dh aoo na ee

e shabad de akheer vich

maaroo m aa r aoo

kaaloo k aa l aoo

laaloo l aa l aoo

kachaaloo k a ch aa l aoo

eis prakaar panjaabee bhaashaa de 10 svaraan vichon tin svar a, ei, au laghoo han ate baakee 7 svar aa, aau, ai, ee, e, aoo, o deeragh han | laghoo svar siraf shabad de suroo ate vichakaar hee aa sakade han jadon ki deeragh svar sbad deean tinaan hee prasathiteean vich vichaar sakade han|

prashana panjaabee svaraan dee tin dharaatalee vandd sanbandhee charachaa karo|

autara panjaabee svaraan dee tin dharaatalee vandd niman anusaar hai

1 jeebh dee sathitee

2 jeebh dee uchaaee

3 bulaan dee sathitee

1 jeebh dee sathitee jeebh dee sathitee daa bhaav hai ki svaraan de uchaaran samen jeebh daa kiharraa hisaa kaarajasheel rahindaa hai| is aadhaar jeebh noo tin varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai| jeebh daa agalaa hisaa, jeebh daa vichakaaralaa hisaa ate jeebh daa pichhalaa hisaa| jiharre svaraan de uchaaran vele jeebh daa agalaa hisaa kaarajasheel hundaa hai unhaan noo agalere svar kihaa jaandaa hai| jadon svar de uchaaran vele jeebh daa vichakaaralaa hisaa kaarajaseel rahindaa hai taan unhaan noo vichakaaralaa svar kihaa jaandaa hai| is prakaar hee jadon svaraan de uchaaran samen jeebh daa pichhalaa hisaa harakat vich rahindaa hai taan uchaare ge svar pichhalere svar hunde han| panjaabee bhaasaa vich ee, e ate ai agalere svar han, ei, a, a, aa vichakaarale ate u, aau, o pichhalere svar han|

2 jeebh dee uchaaee jeebh dee uchaaee ton bhaav hai ki svaraan de uchaaran samen jeebh aapanee sadhaaran avasathaa ton upar val kinee ku utthadee hai| jadon jeebh uparale jabaarre de bilakul nazadeek chalee jaandee hai taan uchaare ge svar uche svar hunde han ate jadon svaraan de uchaaran vele jeebh aapanee sadhaaran avasathaa vich hee rahindee hai taan uchaare ge svar neeven svar hunde han| uche ate neeven svar de daramiaan uchaar hoe svaraan noo aradhauche ate aradh neeven svaraan dee vanagee vich rakhiaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich ee ate aoo uche svar han, ei, au aradh uche e, a, o aradh neeven ate ai, aa, aau, neeven svar han|

3 bulaan dee sathitee svaraan de uchaaran samen bulaan dee sathitee vee ahim rol adaa karadee hai| kee svaraan de uchaaran samen bul gulaaeedaar shakal akhatiaar kar jaande han| inhaan svaraan noo gulaaeedaar svar kihaa jaandaa hai te baakee de svar gulaaee rahit han| panjaabee bhaasaa vich u, aoo, o, aau, gulaaeedaar svar han ate ee, e, ai, ei, a, aa gulaaee rahit han|

so svaraan dee tin dharaatalee vandd noo nimanalikhat anusaar vee sapashatt keetaa jaa sakadaa hai

prashana laghoo svar kee hunde han panjaabee de laghoo svar kiharrekiharre han

autara laghoo svar uh svar hunde han jinhaan daa uchaaran vakafaa mukaabalatan ghatt hunde han| inhaan daa uchaaran vakafaa deeragh svaraan ton takareeban adhaa hundaa hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich i, a, au laghoo svar han|

prashana dohare svar kee hundaa hai

autara panjaabee uchaaran vich aam tauar te ik uchaarakhandd vich siraf ik svar hee uchaariaa jaandaa hai| arathaat shabad vich jine uchaar khandd honage, aune hee svar uchaare jaanage | prantoo kee vaar ik uchaar khandd dee sikhar te ik ton vadh uchaar khandd uchaare jaande han inhaan noo dohare svar kihaa jaandaa hai | do svaraan daa ajihaa seh vicharan jo siraf ik uchaar khandd dee sikhar te hee uchaariaa jaave, ausanoo dohare svar kihaa jaandaa hai

einhaan shabadaan vich aee, aaoo ate ae dohare svaraan deean udaaharanaan han|

prashana svar sanyog kee hundaa hai

autarapanjaabee bhaashaa vich aam tauar te ik uchaarakhandd vich siraf ik hee svar uchaariaa jaandaa hai| kee shabad ajihe hunde han jinhaan vich ik ton vadh svar binaan kise vianjak ton uchaare jaande han | ih svar vibhin par naal lagade vianjanaan deean sikharaan te uchaare jaande han| inhaan noo svar sanyog kihaa jaandaa hai |

do jaan do ton vadh svar daa vicharan jo vibhin par jurraven uchaar khanddaan deean sikharaan te vicharadaa hove, aus noo svar sanyog kihaa jaandaa hai|

aaee aa ee

gaae g aa e

auparokat shabad vich aaee, aae, aooe svar sanyog de namoone han|

prashana andarale gutt de svar kee hunde han panjaabee vich ih kiharre kiharre han

autara uh svar jinhaan daa uchaaran moonh pol de andar varatee hise vich keetaa jaandaa hai unhaan noo andarale gutt de svar kihaa jaandaa hai | panjaabee bhaashaa vich i, a, au andarale gutt de svar han| ih svar laghoo svaraan dee vanagee vich vee rakhe jaande han|

prashana panjaabee deean khanddee dhuneean sanbandhee charachaa karo|

autara dhuneean noo bhaashaaee prakaaraj dee dristtee ton do varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai| ik dhuneean ajiheean hundeean han jo bhaasaa vich sutantar roop vich varateean jaa sakadeean han, einhaan dhuneean daa aapanaa vakharaa sutantar vajood hundaa hai| inhaan dhuneean noo khanddee dhuneean aakhiaa jaandaa hai| arathaat khanddee dhuneean uh dhuneean han jo bhaashaa vich sutantar roop vich varateean jaandeean han| khanddee dhuneean vich svaraan, vianjan ate aradh svaraan dee gal keetee jaandee hai;

svar rroaaelasa svar ajiheean khanddee dhuneean han jinhaan de uchaaran vele fefarriaan chon utapan hoee vaayoodhaaraa moonh kholh vichon berok baahar nikaladee hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich kul 10 svar han inhaan svaraan noo jeebh dee uchaaee, jeebh dee sathitee ate bulhaan dee sathitee de adhaar te vibhin varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai|

jeebh dee uchaaee jeebh dee uchaaee de aadhaar te panjaabee de svaraan noo chaar varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai|

auche svar

aradh uche svar

aradh neeven svar

neeven svar

panjaabee de svar vichon ee, aoo uche svar han, ei, au, aradhauche svar, e, ate o aradh neeven ate ai, aa, aau neeven svar han|

auche svar ee aoo

aradh uche i u

aradh neeven e, a, o

neeven svar ai, aa, aau

jeebh dee sathitee jeebh dee sathitee de aadhaar te panjaabee de sur noo tin varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai | agale svar, pichhale svar ate vichale svar | jinhaan svaraan daa uchaaran moonh de agale paase val keetaa jaandaa hai, aunhaan noo agale svar kihaa jaandaa hai ate jinhaan svaraan daa uchaaran moonh de pichhale paase val keetaa jaandaa hai, aunhaan noo pichhale svar kihaa jaandaa hai | agale ate pichhale svaraan de daramiaan vicharade svaraan noo vichale svar kihaa jaandaa hai| agale svaraan de uchaaran samen jeebh daa agalaa hisaa kaarajasheel hundaa hai jadon ki pichhale svaraan de uchaaran samen jeebh daa pichhalaa hisaa kaarajaseel hundaa hai| vichale svaraan de uchaaran samen jeebh daa vichakaarale hisaa kaarajaseel rahindaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa de agale, pichhale ate vichale svar niman anusaar han;

agale ee, e, ai

vichale i, a, au, aa

pichhale aoo, aau, o

bulhaan dee sathitee bulhaan dee sathitee anusaar panjaabee svaraan noo do hisiaa vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai| gulaaeedaar svar ate gulaaee rahit svar | panjaabee bhaashaa vich kee svar aise han jinhaan de uchaaran vele bulaan dee sathiteeskal gol ho jaandee hai| inhaan svaraan noo gulaaeedaar svar kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa vich aoo, au, o, aau svar gulaaeedaar svar han| parantoo jinhaan svaraan de uchaaran vele bulaan dee sathitee chapattee rahindee hai, aunhaan noo gulaaee rahit svar kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich ee, e, ai, ei, aa, a gulaaee rahit svar han|

gulaaeedaar svar aoo, u, o, aau

gulaaee rahit svar ee, e, ai, ei, aa, a

2. vianjan chhonasonanattasa vianjan dhuneean ajiheean dhuneean hundeean han jinhaan de uchaaran samen fefarriaan chon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa kise naa kise uchaaran sathaan ute pooree tarhaan jaan anshak roop vich ddak ke dhuneean daa uchaaran keetaa jaandaa hai unhaan dhuneean noo vianjan kihaa jaandaa hai| jadon vianjanaan daa uchaaran fefarriaan vichon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa noo mukamal roop vich rok ke keetaa jaave taan ih vianjan ddakaven vianjan hunde han| parantoo jadon dhuneean de uchaaran vele anshak roop vich vaayoodhaaraa noo rokiaa jaave taan uchaareean geean dhuneean addakaven vianjan dee vanagee vich aaundeean han|

panjaabee vich p, f, b, bh, ta, th, d, dh, tth, dd, dt, ch, chh, j, jh, k, kh, g, gh ddakaven vianjan ate ihanaan ton ilaavaa baakee saare vianjan addakaven vianjan han| ddakaven ate addakaven vianjanaan noo agon uchaaran sathaan ate uchaaran lahize de lihaaj naal vibhin varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai| inhaan dee varag vandd noo niman chaaratt raaheen vee darasaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai

3. aradh svaravianjana kee dhuneean ajiheea hundeean han jinhaan noo naa taan svaraan dee vanagee vich rakhiaa jaa sakadaa hai ate naa hee vianjanaan dee| inhaan noo aradh svar kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich do aradh svar han; y ate v| y taalavee hai jadon ki v dohontthee| is prakaar khanddee dhuneean de antaragat svaraan, vianjanaan ate aradhasvaraan dee gal keetee jaandee hai|

prashana panjaabee deean akhanddee dhuneean shuperasegamenttal pahonemesa baare charachaa karo|

autarakhanddee dhuneean de mukaabale ute akhanddee dhuneean uh dhuneean hundeean han jo bhaashaa vich sutantar naa hon| inhaan dee varaton prasang moolak hundee hai| ih siraf khanddee dhuneean naal hee aa sakadeean han| panjaabee deean khanddee dhuneean vich pich, svar, suralahir, naasikataa, dabaa dee gal keetee jaandee hai|

1. pich fittachah jadon manakh saah laindaa hai taan sur tandaan vich kanbanee hundee hai| ih kanbanee ghattadee vadhadee rahindee hai| inhaan dee gatee kadee tez hundee hai ate kadee haualee| inhaan sur tandaan dee kanbanee dee gatee noo pich kihaa jaandaa hai| pich kanbaahatt dee rafataar hai| jiven kee geetakaar bahut haualee gaaunde han| kee bahut uchee| jo gaaeik haualee gaaunde han, aunhaan dee pich neeveen hundee hai jadon ki jo gaaeik uchee gaaunde han unhaan dee pich uchee hundee hai| is prakaar pich de tin prakaar ban jaande han| uchee pich, neeveen pich ate padharee pich | uchee pich vele suratandaan vich kanbanee dee gatee bahut tezee hundee hai jadon ki is de ulatt neeveen ate uchee pich de daramiaan dee suratandaan dee kanbanee noo padharee pich kihaa jaandaa hai|

2. sura jiven ki pahilaan vee dasiaa hai ki suratandaan dee kanbanee dee gatee kadee iko jihee naheen rahindee| ih kadee ghattadee rahindee hai ate kadee vadhadee| jadon sur tandaan dee gatee ghattadee hai taan is noo neeveen sur kihaa jaandaa hai ate jadon sur

tandaan dee gatee vadhadee hai taan is noo uchee sur kihaa jaandaa hai| kahin daa bhaav ih hai ki jadon pich hetthale padhar ton upar val noo jaandee hai taan is noo uchee sur kihaa jaandaa hai prantoo jadon pich uparale laival ton hetthaan val noo ddigadee hai taan is noo neeveen sur kihaa jaandaa hai| kee vaar pich daa laival padharaa hundaa hai| pich naa ghattadee hai naa vadhadee hai jadon samaanaantar vicharadee hai| ih padharee sur hai| panjaabee vich tin sur han| kee vidavaanaan ne panjaabee deean inhaan suraan noo sur 1, sur 2 ate sur 3 daa naan vee ditaa hai|

neeveen sura

ghar k ae ra

ghorraa k o rr aa

dhobee ta o b ee

bhaar p aa r

dtol tt o l

jhag ch a g ga

auchee sura

maaghee m aa g ee

saadhoo s aa d aoo

labhoo l a b b aoo

lodtaa l o dd dd aa

majh m a j j

padharee sura

kaar k aa r

sing s i na g

paal p aa l

3. vaak sur eenattonattiona vaak sur daa sanbandh vee suratandaan dee kanbanee naal hai par vaak sur daa prakaarajee gheraa alag hai | jithe sur siraf shabad tak hee seemat hundee hai uthe vaakasur daa gheraa vaak hai | jadon sur vaak dee padhar te saarathik hundee hai taan is noo vaak sur kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa vich vaak sur dee pachhaan vaak de aakharee charan ton hundee hai| panjaabee vaak prabandh vich vaak sur de milade vibhin paittaranaan vichon niman likhat tin vaak paittaran pramakh han

a biaaneea vaak

a prashanavaachak vaak

e visamak vaak

a biaaneea vaak biaaneea vaakaan vich vaak de akheer te sur neeveen hundee hai| jiven uh ghar aa giaa hai|

a prashanavaachak vaak prashanavaachak vaak vich aam tauar te vaak de akheer te uchee sur dee varaton keetee jaandee hai | udaaharan lee hetth likhiaan vaak dekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai;

auh aa giaa hai

auparokat kisam de vaakaan vich vaak de akheer te aam tauar te uchee sur dee varaton hee keetee jaandee hai| prantoo jiharre prashanavaachak vaak kee, kad, kadon, kiaun, arathaat k varage de prashanavaachak ansaan naal suroo hunde han, aunhaan de akheer te neeveen sur hee aaundee hai| jiven

kee uh aa giaa hai

e visamak vaaka visamak vaak bhaashaaee bulaare deean manobirateean noo saakaar karade han| inhaan vich aam tauar te sur uch padharee hee rahindee hai| jiven khusee de mauake te keete bhaavanaatamik izahaar samen uch padharee sur dee hee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

auh aa giaa e

4 naasikataa naasikataa daa sanbandh uchaaran lahije naal vadhere hai| mauakhik svaraan noo naasik svaraan vich tabadeel karan dee prakiriaa noo naasikataa kihaa jaandaa hai|

saag fagatt; saang

ag fagatt; ang

panjaabee bhaashaa vich naasikataa noo saakaar karan deean do vidheean han;

bindee dee varaton|

ttipee dee varaton|

bindee dee varaton aam tauar te deeragh svaraan naal keetee jaandee hai jaan bindee dee varaton uthe hundee hai jithe maataraa varan de upar jaan saje paase lagee hove|

saag fagatt; saang

sauagee fagatt; sauangee

see fagatt; seen

ttipee dee varaton laghoo svaraan naal keetee jaandee hai|

jiven

singh

ang

sangh

langh

minee

eis tarhaan naasikataa dee varaton vich do vidheean dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| bindee ate ttipee| bindee dee varaton deeragh svaraan naal keetee jaandee hai jadon ki ttipee dee varaton laghoo svaraan naal keetee jaandee hai|

5. dabaa har ik bhaashaa daa aapanaa uchaaran paittaran hundaa hai jiven panjaabee sur bhaasaa hai, hindee bhaashaa vich uchaaran vakafe dee khaas ahameeat hai| angarezee bhaasaa balaatamak bhaasaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa vich bhaaven dabaa ik saarathak ikaaee

naheen hai prantoo kee parasathiteean de antaragat panjaabee bhaashaa vich tabaa vee ik saarathik ikaaee vajon kaarajaseel hundaa hai|

jiven

sat fagatt; sat s a ta ta

pataa fagatt; pataa p a ta t aa

sadaa fagatt; sadaa s a d d aa

bharaa kanak dee pandda fagatt; bharaa bharaa

gharraa paanee daa fagatt; gharraa koee cheez gharranee

eis prakaar dabaa vee panjaabee bhaashaa vich ik saarathik ikaaee hai | prantoo ih angarezee bhaasaa vich unee saarathik naheen hai| is lee panjaabee deean akhanddee dhuneean de vivaran vaale saanoo pich, sur, vaakasur, naasikataa ate dabaa jiheean khanddee dhuneean daa zikar karanaa pavegaa|

prashana panjaabee suraprabandh tthone shesattema aute ik nott likho|

autarapanjaabee ik surabhaashaa hai| panjaabee vich sur daa vikaas saghos mahaapraan dhuneean bh, dh, dt, jh, gh dhuneean de lop hon karake ate ha dhunee de aapane nerrale svar de prabhaav adheen hon karake hoeaa hai| saghosh mahaapraan dhuneean panjaabee bhaasaa vich likheean taan jaandeean han par uchaaran vichon ih dhuneean lop ho geean han| inhaan dhuneean dee jaghaa ton hun maarak hundee hai|

panjaabee bhaashaa vich sur sbad tak hee seemat rahindee hai| arathaat panjaabee bhaasaa vich sur daa daaeiraa siraf sbad hee han| is lee jadon aseen sur baare charachaa karanee hai taan nirol saghos mahaapraan dhuneean ate ha dhunee baare hee charachaa karanee hai|

bh, dh, dt, jh, gh dhuneean ate sura panjaabee bhaashaa vich saghos mahaapraan dhuneean sur vich tabadeel ho geean han| jadon ih dhuneean sbad de suroo vich aaundeean han taan ih aapane varag de pahile vianjan naal neeveen sur vich uchaareean jaandeean han | arathaat bh, dh, dt, jh, gh kramavaar p, t, tt, ch, k vich tabadeel ho jaande han tad inhaan te neeveen sur maarak keetee jaandee hai;

bhaar fagatt; p aa r

dhobee fagatt; t o b ee

dtaab fagatt; tt aa b

jhaarroo fagatt; ch aa rr aoo

ghar fagatt; k a r

jadon ih dhuneean shabad de akheer te aaundeean han taan ih aapane hee varag dee teejee dhunee naal uchee sur vich uchaareean jaandeean han| arathaat bh, dh, dt, jh, gh kramavaar b, d, dd,j, m vich badal jaande han te inhaan te uchee sur maarak hundee hai|

maagh fagatt; m aa g

maajh fagatt; m aa j

saadh fagatt; s aa d

kaadt fagatt; k aa dt

laabh fagatt; l aa b

eise tarhaan hee ih dhuneean shabad de vichakaar vee sur daa sanket dindeean han| ih dhuneean sbad de vichakaar vich sadaa hee aapane varag dee teesaree dhunee b, d, dd, j, g vich tabadeel hundeean han| prantoo ithe sur dee varaton ik saar naheen hai| kite sur neeveen aaundee hai ate kite uchee| udaaharan lee;

maaghee fagatt; m aa g ee

maghaaee fagatt; m aa g aa ee

jiven maaghee vich taan sur uchee aaundee hai par maghaaee vich neeveen | is daa sanbandh dabaa naal hai | jadon shabad vich dabaa inhaan dhuneean ton pahilaan paindaa hai taan uthe sur uchee uchaaree jaandee hai| jiven maaghee sbad vich dabaa gha dhunee ton pahilaan aaundaa hai| is karake ithe sur uchee hai par maghaaee vich dabaa gha dhunee ton baad aaundaa hai| is lee ithe sur neeveen hai | eis prakaar jadon dabaa inhaan dhuneean ton pahilaan paindaa hai taan inhaan daa uchaaran uchaa sur vich hundaa hai par jadon dabaa is ton baad de svar ute paindaa hai taan ih neeveen sur vich uchaareean jaandeean han; 1. dabaa pahilaa

maaghee fagatt; m aa g ee

2. dabaa baad

sudhaaee fagatt; s u d aa ee

kadtaaee fagatt; k a dd aa ee

labhaaee fagatt; l a dh aa ee

sujhaaee fagatt; s u j aa ee

panjaabee vich sur prabandh daa doojaa vaahak ha hai| ha dhunee vee bahuteean prasathiteean de antaragat sur vich tabadeel ho jaandee hai|

shabad dee akheeralee sathitee shabad de akheer vich poorabee upabhaasaavaan vich ha dhunee takareeban uchaaran vichon lop ho gee hai| ithe hamesaa hee uchee sur dee varaton keetee jaandee hai;

khaah fagatt; kh aa

jaah fagatt; j aa

beh fagatt; b ai

leh fagatt; l ai

shabad de vichakaar shabad de vichakaar ha dhunee dee varaton vibhin up bhaasaavaan

vich alagaalag hundee hai| maajhee vich ha dhunee sadaa hee sur vich uchaaree jaandee hai| jiven

kaahalfagatt; k aa l uchee sur

baahar fagatt; b aa r uchee sur

kahaar fagatt; k aa ra neeveen sur

bahaar fagatt; b aa r neeveen sur

laahor fagatt; l aau re neeveen sur

eis prakaar maajhee upabhaashaa vich ha dhunee daa uchaaran hamesaa hee sur vich keetaa jaandaa hai| uparokat udaaharanaan vich tin sbadaan kahaar, bahaar, laahauar vich neeveen sur dee varaton keetee gee hai jadon ki kaahal, baahar vich uchee sur dee| ithe uchee jaan neeveen sur daa aaunaa shabad dee uchaar khanddee banatar ute nirabhar karadaa hai| jekar ha dhunee ton pahilee dee dhunee laghoo dhunee hai arathaat a, ei, au vichon koee ik dhunee aaundee hai taan sur neeveen hovegee par jekar inhaan ton pahilaan dee dhunee deeragh hai taan sur uchee hove| laghoo ate deeragh svar noo bal naal vee jorriaa jaa sakadaa hai| jekar bal pahilaan aaundaa hai taan uchee sur dee varaton keetee jaavegee par je bal baad vich aaundaa hai taan neeveen sur dee|

eis prakaar maajhee up bhaashaa vich ha dhunee dee varaton hamesaa sur vich hee hundee hai|

baakee deean upabhaashaavaan vich ha dhunee dee varaton maajhee naalon bhin hai| inhaan upabhaasaavaan vich sbad de vichakaar kee vaar sur ate kee vaar vianjanumaa uchaaran hundaa hai| jiven

baahar fagatt; b aa r uchee sur

shahir fagatt; sh ai r uchee sur

nahir fagatt; n ai r uchee sur

bahaar fagatt; b a h aa r

mahaatamaa fagatt; m a h aa ta m aa

kahaanee fagatt; k a h aa na ee

eis prakaar maajhee ton ilaavaa dooje upabhaashaavaan vich ha dhunee dee varaton vibhin hai|

shabad dee mudtalee sathitee vich ha dhunee daa uchaaran takareeban saareean hee upabhaasaavaan vich vianjan vaalaa rahindaa hai|

eis prakaar panjaabee sur prabandh sanbandhee charachaa karan uparant hetth likhe nukate ujaagar hunde hana

1. panjaabee vich sur daa gheraa shabad hai|

2. eik shabad te ik hee sur aaundee hai|

3. panjaabee vich suraan dee ginatee tin hai|

4. sur badalan naal arathaan vich vee parivaratan aaundaa hai|

5. panjaabee vich suraan daa vikaas saghosh mahaan praan dhuneean de lop ho jaan karake hoeaa|

prashana panjaabee deean vianjan dhuneean daa varageekaran uchaaran sathaan dee dristtee ton karo|

autara panjaabee deean vianjan dhuneean daa varageekaran uchaaran sathaan dee drishattee ton niman anusaar keetaa jaandaa hai |

1. dohotthee vianjan

2. danbhee vianjan

3. aulatt jeebhee vianjan

4. taalavee vianjan

5. kantthee vianjan

6. sur yantaree vianjan

1. do hotthee vianjan bilabilal chhonasonanattasa vianjan do hontthee vianjanaan de uchaaran samen fefarriaan ton aaundee vaayoodhaaraa noo bulaan te rok ke dhuneean daa uchaaran keetaa jaandaa hai | panjaabee vich p, f, b, bh, m, v dohontthee vianjan han| ihanaan vichon p, f, b, bh mauakhik han, m naasikee hai ate v aradhasvar vianjan hai| p ate f aghosh dhuneean han jadon ki b ate bh saghos han| ise tarhaan f ate bh mahaanpraan han ate p ate b alap praan han| naasikee dhunee vich aghossaghos ate alap praan mahaan praan daa nikherraa naheen hundaa|

2. dantee vianjan dhenttal chhonasonenattasa panjaabee vich dantee dhuneean de antamat t, th, d, dh, n, l, r, s dhuneean aaundeean han| t, th, d, dh dhuneean ddakaveean han jadon ki n, l, r, s dhuneean addakaveean han| is tarhaan t, th, d, dh, l, r, s dhuneean mauakhik han jadon ki na dhunee naasakee dhunee hai | t, th aghosh dhuneean han jadon ki d, dh saghosh dhuneean han| ta te d alap praan han jadon ki th ate dh mahaanpraan dhuneean han | panjaabee deean ddakaveean dhuneean noo niman rekhaank raaheen vee darasaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai;

aghosh saghosh

alapapraan p, bh, tt, ch, k b, d, dd, j, g

mahaapraan f, th, tth, chh, kh bh, dh, dt, jh, gh

l, r, s dhuneean vichon la dhunee paarasavik hai, r, ttaril ate s saparashee dhunee hai| inhaan dhuneean vich aghosh saghos, alap praan ate mahaapraan daa nikherraa saarathik naheen hai|

3. aulattajeebhee vianjana ulattajeebhee vianjanaan daa uchaaran jeebh noo ulattaa karake taaloo naal saparash sathaapit karake hundaa hai| panjaabee tt, tth, dd ate dt dhuneean ddakaveean han jadon ki n, l, ate rr dhuneean addakaveean han| tt, tth, dd, dt, l ate rr dhuneean mauakhik han jadon ki na dhunee naasakee dhunee hai| tt ate dd alap praan

dhuneean han jadon ki tth ate dt mahaanpraan dhuneean han| l ate rr vichon l dhunee paarashavik hai jadon ki rr dhunee falaip dhunee hai|

4. taalavee vianjan panjaabee vianjan dhuneean de uchaaran vele jeebh daa vichakaaralaa hisaa sakhat taaloo naal saparash sathaapit karake dhuneean daa uchaaran karadaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa vich ch, chh, j, jh, y, sh ate y taalavee dhuneean han| inhaan dhuneean vichon ch, chh, j, jh, sh ate y mauakhik dhuneean han jadon ki na dhunee naasikee dhunee hai| ch, chh, j, jh ddakaveean dhuneean han jadon ki sh, y addakaveean dhuneean han| ch ate chh aghosh han jadon ki j ate jh saghos dhuneean han| is tarhaan ch ate j alap praan han par chh ate jh mahaanpraan dhuneean han|

5. kantthee vianjana kantthee vianjanaan de uchaaran samen jeebh daa pichhalaa hisaa komal taaloo noo saparash karake dhuneean daa uchaaran karadaa hai| panjaabee bhaasaa vich k, kh, g, gh, ng kantthee dhuneean han| kantthee dhuneean vich ng dhunee ton ilaavaa koee hor addakaveen dhunee daa uchaaran naheen kihaa jaandaa| is prakaar jithe ng dhunee naasikee dhunee banadee hai, authe baakee deean chaar dhuneean k, kh, g, gh mauakhik dhuneean han| k, kh aghosh han jadon ki g, gh saghosh dhuneean han| k ate g alap praan hai jadon ki kh ate gh mahaanpraan dhuneean han|

6. sur yantaree vianjana sur yantaree vianjanaan daa uchaaran taadatantareean de daramiaan dee vith ton hundaa hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich siraf ik hee surayantaree vianjan ha hai| ha vianjan siraf iko hee vianjan hai is karake ithe aghos saghos alap praan mahaapraan daa nikherraa sathaapit naheen hundaa|

auparokat uchaaran sathaanaan ton ilaavaa panjaabee bhaashaa vich f dhunee ate k, kh, g dhuneean daa uchaaran vee keetaa jaandaa hai| inhaan dhuneean dee varaton parrhe likhe ate faarasee pichhokarr de lok hee karade han| inhaan vich fa dhunee daa uchaaran hottheedantee hai jadon ki k, kh ate g dhuneean kaakalee oovulara han|

prashana panjaabee deean vianjan dhuneean daa varageekaran uchaaran lahize de aadhaar te karo|

autara uchaaran lahize de aadhaar te panjaabee vianjanaan noo nimanalikhat varagaan vich vanddiaa jaa sakadaa hai;

1 aghosh vianjana naad rahit

2 saghosh vianjan naadee

3 alap praan vianjan

4 mahaan praan vianjan

1. aghosh vianjan oonavoiched chhonasonanattasa ghoshataa daa sanbandh naadatantareean dee kanbanee naal hundaa hai| auchaaran prakiriaa dauaraan jadon fefarriaan vichon utapan hoee vaayoodhaaraa naadatantareean vichon guzaradee hai taan inhaan vich kanbanee paidaa hundee hai| parantoo kee dhuneean de uchaaran us samen keetaa jaandaa hai jadon naada tantareean dee kanbaahatt naamaatar hundee hai| jinhaan dhuneean de uchaaran samen naadatantareean dee kanbaahatt naa de baraabar hove jaan bahut ghatt hove, aunhaan dhuneean noo aghosh

jaan naadarahit dhuneean kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee vich harek uchaaran sathaan ton uchaaree gee pahilee ate doojee dhunee aghosh jaan naak rahit hundee hai| panjaabee bhaasaa vich p, f, t, th, tt, tth, ch, chh, k, kh dhuneean naadarahit jaan aghosh dhuneean han|

saghoshanaadee dhuneean rroiched shounadasa saghosh dhuneean uh dhuneean hundeean han jinhaan de uchaaran samen naadatantareean kanbaahatt dee sathitee vich hundeean han| fefarriaan vichon utapan hoee vaayoodhaaraa jadon naadatantareean vichalanghadee hai taan inhaan vich kanbanee paidaa hundee hai| naadatantareean dee is avasathaa dauaraan jinhaan dhuneean daa uchaaran hundaa hai, auh dhuneean saghosh jaan naadee dhuneean hundeean han| panjaabee bhaasaa vich har ik varag ton uchaaree gee teejee ate chauathee dhunee saghos hundee hai| b, bh, d, dh, dd, j, g, gh saghosh jaan naadee dhuneean han|

alap praan dhuneean oonasapiratted shounadasa dhuneean de uchaaran daa sanbandh fefarriaan duaaraa paidaa hoee vaayoodhaaraa naal hundaa hai| saah lain dee prakiriaa dauaraan vee vaayoodhaaraa daa vahaa sadaa iko jihaa naheen rahindaa| ih kadee ghatt hundaa hai ate kadee vadh| is tarhaan jinhaan dhuneean de uchaaran samen fefarriaan vichon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa dee maataraa ghatt jaan alap hundee hai, aunhaan noo alap praan dhuneean kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee bhaashaa vich har ik uchaaran sathaan ton uchaaee gee pahilee ate teesaree dhunee alap praan oonasapiratteda hundee hai| eis prakaar panjaabee vich p, b, t, d, tt, dd, ch, j, k, kh alap praan dhuneean han|

mahaanpraan dhuneean asapiratted shounadasa jiven ki pahilaan vee kihaa hai ki dhuneean de uchaaran samen vaayoodhaaraa dee maataraa ik saar naheen hundee | kadee ghatt hundee hai ate kadee vadh| jinhaan dhuneean de uchaaran samen fefarriaan chon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa dee maataraa ziaadaa hundee hai, aunhaan dhuneean noo mahaan praan dhuneean kihaa jaandaa hai | panjaabee bhaashaa vich f, bh, th, dh, tth, dt, chh, jh, kh, gh dhuneean mahaanpraan han|

eis prakaar panjaabee deean vianjan dhuneean noo uchaaran lahize de adhaar te naadee, naad rahit, aghosh ate saghos dhuneean vich vanddiaa jaa sakadaa hai| is vandd noo niman likhat rekhaank raaheen vee darasaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai

naadeesaghosh naad rahitaaghos

alap praan b, d, dd, j, m p, t, tt, ch, k

mahaan praana bh, d, dt, jh, gha f, th, tth, chh, kh

eis prakaar uchaaran lahize dee drishattee ton panjaabee deean dhuneean noo aghos naad rahit, saghoshanaadee, alap praan ate mahaanpraan deean vanageean vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai|

prashana panjaabee deean vianjan dhuneean daa varageekaran uchaaran rok de adhaar te karo|

autara uchaaran rok de adhaar te panjaabee vianjanaan noo do varagaan ddakaven vianjanaan shattop chonasonanattasa ate addakaven vianjanaan nonasattop chhonasonanattasa vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai| ddakaven ate addakaven vianjanaan daa adhaar uchaaran prakiriaa

dauaraan vaayoodhaaraa de rukaavatt chalosure de lahize vich hai| jinhaan dhuneean de uchaaran samen fefarriaan chon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa noo kise naa kise uchaaran sathaan te poorak tauar te rok ke dhuneean daa uchaaran keetaa jaave, aunhaan dhuneean noo ddakaveean dhuneean kihaa jaandaa hai | panjaabee vich kul 20 ddakaveean dhuneean han | pavarag tavarag, ttavarag, chavarag ate kavarag deean pahilee chaar dhuneean ddakaveean dhuneean han| is prakaar p, f, b, bh, t, th, d, dh, tt, tth, dd, dt, ch, chh, j, jh, k, kh, g, gh dhuneean ddakaveean dhuneean han| inhaan dhuneean vich p, f, t, th, tt, tth, ch, chh, k, kh aghosh dhuneean han ate baakee dee dhuneean saghos han| is tarhaan p, b, t, d, tt, dd, ch, j, k, g alap praan ate baakee deean dhuneean mahaanpraan han|

addakaveean vianjan dhuneean uh dhuneean han jinhaan de uchaaran samen fefarriaan vichon aaundee vaayoodhaaraa noo anshik roop vich rok ke chhaddiaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee deean addakaveean dhuneean noo agon naasakee, paarashavik, ttarilafalaip sangharashee ate aradhasuraan dee vanagee vich rakhiaa jaandaa hai| naasakee vianjanaan vich m, n, n, y, jh aaunde han| inavaan vichon y ate jh daa uchaaran takareeban lop ho chukaa hai| na dhunee shabad de suroo vich naheen uchaaree jaandee| paarasavik vich do dhuneean l ate l aaundeean han| l dantee hai ate l ulatt jeebhee ttaril ate falaip vich r ate rr dhuneean aaundeean han| r dantee hai ate rr ulatt jeebhee | sangharasee vianjanaan vich tin dhuneean hanas, sh ate h| inhaan vich s dantee hai, sh taalavee ateh surayantaree| aradh svaraan vich v ate y noo saamil keetaa jaandaa hai | v do hontthee hai jadon ki y taalavee dhunee hai| is prakaar panjaabee deean vianjan dhuneean noo uchaaran rok chhalosure de adhaar te ddakaveean ate addakaveean dhuneean vich vandd sakade haan|

prashana dhuneegraam fahoname baare tuseen kee jaanade ho|

autara dhunee graam noo dhuneem vee kihaa jaandaa hai| dhuneem dhunee viaunt dee chhottee ton chhottee dhuneeaatamak ikaaee hundee hai jaan is prakaar vee kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki bhaashaa dee chhottee ton chhottee dhunee aatamak ikaaee noo dhuneem jaan dhuneegraam kihaa jaandaa hai | dhunee m de sankalap noo sathaapit karan lee mukh roop vich chaar vibhin par antar sanbandhit pahunch vidheean bhaasaa vigiaan de khetar vich ulattabad han| ih vidheean is prakaar han;

1 manovaadee dhaaranaa nenttarisatt vieaa

2 bhauatik dhaaranaa nesichal rrieaa

3 prakaarajee dhaaranaa dtinattional rrieaa

4 apooratan dhaaranaa shahasirachatt rrieaa

1. manovaadee jaan manovigiaanak dhaaranaa manovaadee jaan manovigiaanak dhaaranaa daa mukh sarokaar bhaashaaee dhunee noo ik bhauatik sach naalon manovigiaanak ikaaee vajon saveekaar karan daa hai| uh kisade sach naalon adikhade sach pratee baare ulaar han| jiven adhe bhare gilaas noo adhaa khaalee kahinaa disade sach noo nikaar ke adisade sach noo savikaar karanaa hai | kujh is tarhaan dee pahunch hee manovaadee dristteekon

ton dhuneem de sankalap noo sathaapit karan vaale bhaashaa vigiaaneean dee rahee hai| manovaadee dristtee kon anusaar bhaasaaee bulaaraa unhaan dhuneean noo hee sunadaa ate samajhadaa hai jinhaan dhuneean noo us ne achet roop vich grahin keetaa hoeaa hai jaan manakh unhaan dhuneean dee hee pachhaan karadaa hai jo dhuneean us dee maanasikataa daa hisaa ban chukeean hundeean han| jiven penddoo panjaabee bulaare za ate ja dhuneean noo alagaalag dhuneean vajon grahin naheen karadaa ate naa hee inhaan dhuneean dee alagaalag pachhaan kar sakadaa hai| us dee maanasik banatar vich siraf ik dhunee ja hee hai| is lee us vaasate j ate ja iko dhunee de hee do seh roop han| jadon ki is de ulatt parrhiaa likhiaa shiree bulaaraa jaan jis bulaare noo faarasee bhaasaa daa jaan angarejee bhaasaa daa giaan hai, aunhaan dhuneean dee pachhaan alagaalag karadaa hai | parrhe likhe panjaabee bulaare lee ih do vakhavakh dhuneean han, eik dhunee de do seh roop naheen| is prakaar iko hee bhaashaa vich do dhuneean daa pratakhan do bulaare alagaalag karade han| ihee dhuneegraam de sankalap daa manovaadee vichaar hai| ih dhaaranaa is nukate te adhaarit hai ki bhaasaaee dhuneean dee pachhaan dhuneean de bhauatik vihaar karake naheen keetee jaandee sagon bhaasaaee bulaare dee maanasik sathitee anusaar keetee jaandee hai|

2. bhauatik dhaaranaa bhauatik dhaaranaa anusaar dhuneem jaan dhunee graam noo sathaapit karan daa mukh adhaar dhuneem daa bhaashaaee prakaaraj hai| jekar koee vee dhunee kise ik sandarabh vich vakharee hai taan uh dooje prasangaan vich hee vakharee hovegee| unhaan daa vichaar hai ki koee vee do dhuneean kise ik bhaasaaee prasang vich badalaven roop vich naheen aa sakadeean| jekar do dhuneean ik prasang vich badalaven roop vich aaundeean han taan uh do dhuneean naheen sagon ik dhunee de do vakhare seh roop honage| is prakaar je za ate ja dhuneean kise ik prasang vich badalaven roop vich aaundeean taan ih ik dhunee de do seh roop honage par je ajihaa naheen hundaa taan ih doven dhuneean hee alagaalag dhuneean honageean|

3. prakaarajee dhaaranaa dtunachattional rrieaa prakaarajee dhaaranaa daa mukh aadhaar arath bhed hai| jekar koee do dhuneean kise bhaashaaee prasang adheen arath bhed sathaapit karan de samarath hon taan unaan noo do alagaalag dhuneegraamaan dee vanageer vich rakhiaa jaavegaa | panjaabee bhaasaa vich ka ate kha do vakhare dhuneegraam han| kiaunk ih arath tabadeel karan de yog han jiven

kal k

khal kh

parantoo angerazee bhaashaa vich ih dhuneean arath tabadeel karan de samarath naheen hundeean| is prakaar angarejee vich ih dhuneean iko dhuneem de do vakhare seh roop hunde han| udaaharan lee

kheepa

kaheepa

angarezee bhaashaa vich besk sbad de suroo vich ka dhunee daa uchaaran kaha

varagaa hundaa hai parantoo ih arathabhed sathaapit karan de samarath naheen hundaa| is tarhaan dhuneem dee prakaarajee dhaaranaa adheen dhuneem noo arath dee drishattee ton sathaapit keetaa jaandaa hai|

4. amooratan dhaaranaa amooratan dhaaranaa vee manovaadee dhaaranaa anusaar gaira bhaashaavigiaanak adhaaraan de dhuneem dee sathaapatee karadee hai|

prashana panjaabee vaak sur sanbandhee udaaharanaan sahit charachaa karo|

autara sur ate vaak sur daa sanbandh pich naal hai| jadon pich de utar charraa shabad ton vadderee ikaaee vaakans, aupavaak jaan vaak dee padhar te saarathik hon, auhanaan noo pich aakhiaa jaandaa hai | vaakasur dee varaton vele shabadaan de viakateegat arathaan vich koee farak naheen paindaa| samache vaak de arath hee tabadeel hunde han| panjaabee bhaasaa vich sur dee varaton tin tarhaan keetee jaandee hai|

1. biaaneean vaakaan de uchaaran lee

2. prashan vaachak vaakaan lee

3. visakam vaakaan lee

biaaneean vaakaan dee varaton vele neeveen sur dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| vaak de akheer te sur neeveen ho jaandee hai | sur daa sanket vaak de akheerale shabadaan ton hee pataa lagadaa hai| jiven hetth likhe vaakaan

1. auh aagiaa hai|

2. shaam raam daa bharaa hai|

3. aseen kal shahir jaanaa hai|

de akheer te sur neeveen hundee hai| is karake biaaneean vaakaan noo uchaaran lee neeveen vaakasur dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

prashanavaak vaakaan de uchaaran samen vaakasur vaak de akheer te uchee utth jaandee hai| jiven

auh chalaa giaa

tuseen kal aanaa

einaan vaakaan de akheer vich sur noo uchee chuk ke vaak noo prashanavaachak banaaeaa jaandaa hai| parantoo jo vaak kavarag de prasnavaak ansaan kiven kiven, kadon, kithon, kiaun aad naal shuroo hove unhaan de akheer te sur neeveen hee rahindee hai| jiven

auh kadon aavegaa

auh kithe giaa hai

gilaas kiven ttutt giaa

shaam ne sakoolon kadon aaunaa hai

vaakaan de uchaaran samen sur padharee jaan neeveen hee rahindee hai| prashanavaachak vaak noo sirajan daa kam prasnavaachak ansaan kee, kadon, kithon aada raaheen keetaa jaandaa hai| parantoo jinaan vaakaan vich ih ansh mauajood naheen hunde, authe sur uchee ho ke

prashanavaachak vaakaan noo saakaar karadee hai|

visamak vaaka visamak vaak bhaashaaee bulaare deean manobirateean te prateekiriaavaan noo saakaar karadaa hai| visamak vaak man de utejak pravaah noo uleekan karake uchee sur vich saakaare jaande han| visamak vaakaan de uchaaran vele sur ik dam uch padharee chalee jaandee hai | jiven hetth likhe vaakaan daa uchaaran dekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai

shaabaas

bahaadaro, aapaan maich jitanaa hai|

einaan vaakaan daa uchaaran uchee padharee vaak sur vich keetaa jaandaa hai|

eis tarhaan panjaabee de biaaneean vaakaan lee neeveen sur, prashanavaachak lee uchee ate visamak vaakaan lee uchapadharee suravaak sur dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

prashan panjaabee bhaasaa vich anunaasikataa dee varaton baare nott likho |

autara mauakhik dhuneean noo naasikee dhuneean vich tabadeel karan dee prakiriaa noo anunaasikataa kihaa jaandaa hai|

panjaabee bhaashaa vich anunaasikataa noo saakaar karan lee do vidheean dee varaton keetee jaandee hai;

1. bindee dee varaton

2. ttipee dee varaton

panjaabee bhaashaa vich siraf svar hee anunaasikee svaraan vich tabadeel keete jaande han| panjaabee de 10 svaraan noo anunaasikee svaraan vich tabadeel karan lee bindee jaan ttipee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| panjaabee de laghoo svaraan naal bindee dee ate deeragh svaraan naal ttipee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

bindee dee varaton panjaabee daa deeragh svaraan ee, e, ai, aa, aau, aoo, o naal bindee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| jiven

peeng

gend

paind

saang

aoondd

aauant

sionk

ttipee dee varaton panjaabee de laghoo svaraan i, a, au naal ttipee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| jiven

minee

kanee

sunee

eis prakaar panjaabee svaraan noo anunaasikee svaraan vich tabadeel karan lee bindee ate ttipee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| laghoo naal svaraan naal ttipee ate deeragh svaraan naal bindee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

panjaabee bhaashaa vich anunaasikataa ik khanddee dhunee hai| is dee varaton naal sbadaan de arathaan vich parivaratan hundaa hai| jiven

saag sabazee saang nakala

gaa gaaunaa gaan pashoo

kaa varana kaan panchhee

prashana panjaabee vianjanaan dee varaton de nemaan sanbandhee charachaa karo|

autara panjaabee bhaashaa vich vianjanaan dee varaton de nemaan noo nimanalikhat anusaar darasaaeaa jaa sakadaa hai|

1. ddakaven vianjana varaton de nem

2. addakaven vianjana varaton de nem

3. naasikee vianjana varaton de nem

ddakaven vianjan ddakaven vianjanaan vich p, f, b, bh, ta, th, d, dh, tt, tth, dd, dt, ch, chh, j, jh, k, kh, g, gh dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| inaan vianjanaan vichon p, f, b, t, th, d, tt, tth, dd, ch, chh, j, k, kh, g shabad deean tinaan prasathitee vich aaunde han| jiven

kal, akaal, paak

paak, saputar, paap

ghar, maghar, maagh

bhaar, gubhaar, laabh

dtaak, laadtee, kaadt

eithe ddakaven vianjan shabad deean tinaan pratasithee vich hee vicharade han|

ddakaven vianjanaan dee ik vanagee saghosh mahaapraan vianjanaan dee hai| ihanaan vianjanaan vich bh, dh, dt, jh, gh noo shaamil keetaa jaandaa hai | ih vianjan besk guramukhee akharaan vich ankit keete jaande han par ihanaan daa uchaaran panjaabee dhunee viaunt vichon lop ho giaa hai| ihanaan vianjanaan dee jaghaa uton sur uchaaree jaandee hai| jadon ih vianjan sbad de suroo vich aaunde han taan ih vianjan aapane hee varag dee pahilee dhunee bhaav p, t, tt, ch, k naal neeveen sur vich uchaare jaande han| udaaharanaan lee niman likhat shabad dekhe jaa sakade hana

ghar fagatt; k a r neeveen sura

bhaar fagatt; p aa r neeveen sura

dtol fagatt; tt o l neeveen sura

jhaarroo fagatt; ch aa rr aoo neeveen sura

dhaar fagatt; t aa r neeveen sura

shabad de akheer vich ih vianjan aapane hee varag dee teesaree dhunee arathaat b, d, dd, j, g naal uchee sur vich uchaare jaande han| udaaharanaan lee hetth likhe shabadaan deean vanageean dekheean jaa sakadeean hana

maagh fagatt; m aa g uchee sura

laabh fagatt; l aa b uchee sura

kaadt fagatt; k aa dd uchee sura

maajh fagatt; m aa j uchee sura

saadh fagatt; s aa d uchee sura

eis prakaar jadon saghosh mahaa praan dhuneean sbad de akheer te aaundeean han taan ih sadaa hee uchee sur vich uchaareean jaandeean han| inaan de naal saghosh alap praan dhunee g, b, d, dd, ja dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

shabad dee vichakaaralee sathitee vich ih dhuneean sadaa hee aapane varag dee teesaree dhunee g, j, dt, b, da vich uchaareean jaandeean han| teeveen jaan uchee sur daa aaunaa is nukate te manasar karadaa hai ki shabad dee uchaar khanddee banatar vich sbad dee svar sanrachanaa kee hai ate uchaar khandd vich bal dee sathitee kee hai| jekar bal inhaan ton pahilaan aaunde uchaar khandd upar paindaa hai taan inaan daa uchaaran uchee sur vich hovegaa| udaaharan lee hetth likhe sbad dekhe jaa sakade hana

maaghee fagatt; m aa g ee uchee sur

saadhoo fagatt; s aa d aoo uchee sur

kadtee fagatt; k a dde dd ee uchee sur

lobhee fagatt; l a be b ee uchee sur

maajhee fagatt; m aa g ee uchee sur

prantoo jekar uchaar khandd dee banatar vich bal inaan saghosh mahaan praan dhuneean gh, dt, dh, bh, jha ton baad aaundaa hai taan ih dhuneean aapane varag dee teejee dhunee g, dd, d, b, ja naal neeveen sur vich uchaareean jaandeean han| udaaharanaan lee hetth likhe shabad dekhe jaa sakade hana

sudhaaee fagatt; s u d aa ee neeveen sur

maghaaee fagatt; m a g aa ee neeveen sur

kadtaaee fagatt; k a dd aa ee neeveen sur

rujhaaee fagatt; r u j aa ee neeveen sur

labhaaee fagatt; l a b aa ee neeveen sur

2. addakaven vianjana varaton de nema addakaven vianjanaan vich r, l, l, rr, s, sh, h, z dee varaton keetee jaa inaan vianjanaan vichon s, sh, j, sangharashee vianjan han r, rr fattakaven ate ragarraven vianjan han ate l, l paasedaar vianjan han| ihanaan vianjanaan vich r, l, s, sh, j, h shabad de suroo, vichakaar ate akheer vich aa sakade han| prantoo l ate rr siraf shabad de akheer vich ate vichakaar hee aa

sakade han| panjaabee bhaashaa vich koee vee ajihaa sbad naheen hai jis daa aaranbh l jaan rr naal hundaa hove bhaav ih hai ki panjaabee vich l ate rr dhunee shabad de suroo vich naheen aa sakadee| ih siraf sbad de vichakaar jaan akheer te hee aa sakadeean han| udaadaharan lee hetth sbad dekhe jaa sakade hana

galee fagatt; g a l ee

gal fagatt; g a l

sarr fagatt; s a rr

sarree fagatt; s a rr ee

naasikee vianjana varaton de nema panjaabee bhaashaa vich kul panj naasikee vianjan han| m, n, n, jh, nga ihanaan vich ma ate na shabad deean tinaan hee prasathiteean vich aa sakade han| jiven

maar fagatt; m aa r

maamee fagatt; m aa m ee

kaam fagatt; k a ma

naak fagatt; n aa k

einaam fagatt; ei na aa m

kan fagatt; k a na n

na naasikee dee dhunee siraf shabad de akheer vich jaan vichakaar de suroo vich aa sakadee hai| arathaat dhunee sbad de suroo vich naheen aa sakadee| panjaabee bhaasaa vich ik vee sbad ajihaa naheen hai jo na dhunee naal suroo hundaa hove | udaaharan lee hetth likhe sbad dekhe jaa sakade hana

makaan fagatt; m a k aa na akheer vicha

kaanee fagatt; k aa na ee shabad vichakaara

ya ate nga dhuneean dee varaton panjaabee bhaashaa vichon takareeban lop ho gee hai| ihanaan dhuneean dee varaton sbad dee kise vee sathitee vich sutantar roop vich naheen hundee| inaan dhuneean dee varaton siraf samasathaanee dhunee de tauar te hee keetee jaandee hai| udaaharan lee hetth likhe sbad dekhe jaa sakade hana

many fagatt; m a y ch

kanghee fagatt; k a ng g ee

saanchee fagatt; s aa y ch ee

laanghaa fagatt; l aan ng g a

eis prakaar panjaabee bhaashaa de vianjanaan dee varaton ne nemaan vich ih nukataan bhaleebhaant sapastt hundaa hai ki panjaabee de saare vianjan naa taan sbad de suroo vich aa sakade han ate naa hee dooje vianjanaan de prasang vich har ik vianjan dee aamad te vicharan sathitee alagaalag hai| parantoo fir vee panjaabee bhaasaa dee uchaar khanddee banatar dhuneeaatamak hon kaaran lee saanjhe niyam labhe jaa sakade han|

prashana panjaabee svaraan dee varaton de nem baare jaanakaaree dio|

autara panjaabee bhaashaa vich kul 10 svar han| kee vaar a, a, e noo svar manake panjaabee svaraan dee ginatee tin dasee jaandee hai jo ttheek naheen hai| panjaabee vich kul 10 svar han jinhaan daa veravaa niman anusaar hai

au, o, aoo

a, aa, ai, aau

ei, ee, e

a, a, e raaheen panjaabee de 10 svar saakaar hunde han | u, a, e svar vaahak han| panjaabee de 10 svaraan noo agon mukh do varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai

1. laghoo svar

2. deeragh svar

1. laghoo svara varaton de nema

panjaabee vich tin laghoo svar han| i, au, a| ih tine svar shabadaan dee vichakaaralee ate mudtalee prasathitee vich aa sakade han, eih shabad vich deeragh svar ton baad te akheer te naheen aaunde| is prakaar panjaabee daa koee vee sbad ajihaa naheen hai jo inaan svaraan naal khatam hundaa hove

shuroo vicha is, eidhar

aus, aupar

ak, akas aad

shabad de daramiaana

madhur m a dh u r

ghasun gh a s u na n

sahir sh a h i r

nahir na a h i r

par panjaabee bhaashaa vich koee vee sbad ajihaa naheen hai jo inhaan svaraan naal samaapat hundaa hove| panjaabee de kee sbad han jinhaan de akheer te inhaan svaraan dee varaton keetee jaandee hai

adhiaae

bajaae

jaau

khaau

lamakaa

samajhaa

beshak sbad de akheer te inhaan dee varaton keetee jaandee hai par uchaaran vichon ih svar gairahaazir hunde han|

2. deeragh svara varaton de nema panjaabee vich 7 deeragh svar han | o, aoo, aa, ai,

aau, ee, e| ih sate svar shabad deean tinaan prasathiteean vich hee aa sakade han|

shabad de suroo vich vichakaar akheer

orrak nakor karo

odhar katthor mor

aootth kasoor karoo

aoot saboot maroo

aap saabat paaraa

aas kaaraa jaanaa

aipar sair karai

ainak pair jaavai

aauarat mauar jauan

aauataraa dhauan rauan

een peer meeree

eesarr seer maaree

edhar kasel maare

eis prakaar de dasaan svaraan vichon laghoo svar siraf shabad de suroo ate vichakaar vich hee aa sakade han| deeragh svar sbad deean tinaan hee prasathiteean vich vichar sakade han|

prashana panjaabee uchaar khandd dee banatar sanbandhee visataar sahit charachaa karo|

autara do tthahiraavaan de daramiaan vicharade udaaharan de hise noo uchaarakhandd kihaa jaandaa hai| uchaarakhandd ik ajihee dhuneeaatamak ikaaee hai jo do uchaarakhandd de daramiaan vicharadee hai| pahilaan uchaar khandd dee banatar vich ik vianjan ate ik svar daa aaunaa laazamee hundaa see|

par aadhunik bhaashaa vigiaan vich ajihaa naheen hai| aj de bhaasaavigiaanak adhiain vich siraf ik svar daa vee uchaarakhandd ho sakadaa hai

auchaarakhandd vich tin pakh hunde han| sikhar feaka aaranbh auanasetta ate akheer chhoda sikhar te hameshaa svar hee aaundaa hai| aaranbh ate akheer te vianjan vicharade hana

auchaarakhandd dee banatar vich aaranbh ate akheer de vianjan dee aamad ikhatiaaree hundee hai|

panjaabee dee uchaarakhanddee banatar noo 7 bhaashaa vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai| arathaat panjaabee bhaasaa vich 7 prakaar de uchaarakhandd milade hana

1. svar

2. svar vianjan

3. vianjan svar

4. vianjan svar vianjan

5. vianjan svar vianjan vianjan

6. svar vianjan vianjan

7. vianjan vianjan svar

1. svarauchaarakhandd dee is banatar vich uchaarakhandd de sikhar te siraf ik svar hee aaundaa hai| akheer te aaranbh te doheen vianjan naheen aaundaa

2. svar vianjana is prakaar dee banatar vich uchaarakhandd vich ik svar ate ik vianjan aaunde han aaranbh daa vianjan gair haazir hundaa hai| jiven

aaun vaalaa vianjan gair haajar hundaa hai|

4. vianjan svar vianjana auchaarakhandd dee ajihee banatar vich aaranbh te vianjan, sikhar te svar te akheer te ik vianjan aaundaa hai| bhaav hai ki uchaarakhandd de tinaan hee hisiaan ute ik ik dhunee dee varaton keetee jaandee hai

5. vianjan svar vianjak vianjana uchaarakhandd dee is banatar vich uchaarakhandd de aaranbh te ik vianjak te akheer te do vianjan ikatthe hee aaunde han| is uchaarakhandd uparale uchaarakhandd naalon bhaaraa hundaa hai| jiven

6. svar vianjan vianjana is prakaar dee banatar vich pahilaan svar te fir do vianjan aaunde han,

7. vianjan vianjan svara auchaarakhandd dee ajihee banatar vich uchaarakhandd de aaranbh ute do vianjan aaunde han| vianjanaan daa ajihee banatar aam tauar te sansakrit bhaashaa vich aam miladee hai| udaaharan lee

eis prakaar de uchaarakhandd panjaabee bhaashaa vich bahut ghatt uchaare jaande han| ih uchaarakhandd mukh roop vich sansakrit bhaasaa vichahee ulattabad han| is banatar vich kee vaaree uchaarakhandd de akheer te ik hor vianjan vee aa jaandaa hai jis naal uchaarakhandd dee banatar vianjan vianjan svar vianjan hee ho jaandee hai,

parantoo is prakaar de uchaarakhandd panjaabee bhaashaa vich aam tauar te uchaare naheen jaande han|

prashana vaakavigiaan shenttana baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

autara bhaashaa daa vigiaanak adhiain karan vaale giaanaprabandh noo vaak vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai| bhaasaa daa vigiaanak adhiain, bhaashaa deean vibhin ikaaeean daa vigiaanak adhiain hee hundaa hai| bhaasaa dee kendaree ikaaee shabad hai| shabad dhuneean daa samooh hunde han| bhaasaa vigiaan dee jis saakh vich bhaasaa deean dhuneean daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai us noo dhuneevigiaan aakhade han| shabadaan dee andaroonee banatar vich kaarajaseel hon vaale roopaan daa adhiain pes karan vaalee saakh noo roop vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai| ise tarhaan sbadaan de baakee varataare arathaat sbadaan de aapasee sanbandhaan daa adhiain karan vaalee bhaasaa vigiaan dee saakh noo vaakavigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai |

motte tauar ute kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki bhaashaa vigiaan dee uh saakh jis vich vaak banatar de vibhin pakhaan daa vigiaanak adhiain keetaa jaave us noo vaaka vigiaan aakhade han | vaak bhaasaa dee sabh ton vaddee viaakaranak ikaaee hai| is ton ulatt bhaavans bhaasaa dee sabh ton chhottee viaakaranak ikaaee hai| jiven upar kihaa giaa hai bhaavansaan daa vigiaanak adhiain karan vaalee bhaasaa vigiaan dee saakh noo roop vigiaan norapahologe kihaa jaandaa hai | unj roop vigiaan ate vaaka vigiaan shenttana dohaan daa sanbandh shabadaan de adhian naal hee hai| ihanaan vich antar ih hai ki roop vigiaan vich sbadaan dee aantarik banatar noo vichaariaa jaandaa hai ate vaakavigiaan vich sbadaan de baaharee varataariaan noo | sbadaan de baaharee varataariaan daa sabandh uhanaan de aapasee sanbandhaan ate vicharan tarateebaan naal hundaa hai|

shabad ton vaddeean par vaak ton chhotteean do hor viaakaranak ikaaeean han jo sbadaan de aapasee sanbandhaan ate vicharan ate vicharan tarateebaan anusaar hond grahin karadeean han| uh hana vaakans ate upavaak| vaak dee banatar vich ihanaan dohaan ikaaeean dee vises bhoomikaa hundee hai| ise lee ihanaan ikaaeean daa adhian vee vaakavigiaan de adheen hee keetaa jaandaa hai| inj vaakans dee paribhaasaa, banatar ate kiriaa daa veravaa vaakavigiaan daa ang hundaa hai ate upavaak dee paribhaashaa, banatar ate kisamaan daa veravaa vee|

mool roop vich vaakavigiaan adheen vaak dee paribhaashaa vaak dee banatar ate vaak deean kisamaan noo vichaariaa jaandaa hai | vaak dee banatar de sanbandh vich vaak vich vicharan vaale sbadaan dee tarateeb noo goliaa jaandaa hai| misaal vajon panjaabee vaak banatar vich pahilaan karataa, fer karam ate ant vich kiriaa soochak shabad vicharade han| is dee ik misaal hetthalaa vaak hai

karataa karam kiriaa

eis ton ulatt angarezee bhaashaa dee vaakabanatar vich pahilaan karam, fer kiriaa ate ant vich karam soochak shabad rakhe jaande han| jiven

nohan ttakes ttea

karataa kiriaa karam

naanv ate kiriaa shrenee de sbad har pooran vaak vich zarooree hunde han| ihanaan de naal visesn, kiriaa vishesn, sabandhak, yojak aad shreneean de sbad is tarateeb vich varate jaande han is gal daa niranaa vee vaakavigiaan adheen keetaa jaandaa hai| misaal vajon sabandhak sbad angarezee vich naanv ton pahilaan aaunde han on ttehe ttabale par panjaabee vich naanv ton pichhon mez ute

vaakavigiaan vich vaak deean kisamaan daa niradhaaran vee keetaa jaandaa hai| banatar ate kaaraj de aadhaar ute vaakaan deean kisamaan mitheean jaandeean han| banatar de aadhaar ute vaak noo tin kisamaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai sadhaaran vaak, sanyukat vaak ate misharan vaak| ise tarhaan kaaraj de aadhaar ute vee vaak tin kisamaan de dase jaande hana biaaneean, hukamee ate prashanavaachak| vaak vigiaan ih har kisam dee vaak banatar noo misaalaan sahit vichaariaa jaandaa hai|

paranparaaeik viaakaran vich vaak dee banatar noo vichaaran lee padavandd dee vidhee apanaaee jaandee rahee hai| is vidhee anusaar vaak vichale har shabad dee srenee niradhaaran karan de naal us naal sabandhit viaakaranak sreneean ling, vachan, purakh, kaal, bhaav, vaach aada noo vee soochat keetaa jaandaa see | par vaak de adhian lee ih vidhee koee vigiaanak aadhaar pesh naheen karadee| is ton ulatt bhaasaa vigiaan adheen vaak banatar daa adhiain vigiaanak ikaaee ton keetaa jaandaa hai ate ajihaa adhiain karan vaalee saakh noo vaakavigiaan aakhade han|

auparokat vichaaraan de aadhaar ute sankhep vich kihaa jaandaa hai ki bhaashaa vigiaan dee saakh vaakavigiaan daa sanbandh vaak banatar dee har ikaaee de vibhin pakhaan de vigiaanak adhiain naal hai|

prashana prakaaraj de aadhaar ute vaakaan dee kisam vandd misaalaan sahit pes karo|

autara vaak bhaashaa dee sabh ton vaddee viaakaranak ikaaee hai| bhaasaaee vichaarasanchaar vaak padhar ute hee saakaar hundaa hai| banatar ate parakaar de aadhaar ute vaak deean vibhin kisamaan mitheean jaandeean han| ithe aseen parakaaraj de aadhaar ute vaak deean kisamaan dee charachaa karanee hai|

vaak de parakaaraj daa arath hai vaak daa bhaav arathaat aashaa| dooje sbadaan vich inj kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki jis aase jaan makasad lee kise vaak noo uchaariaa jaave uh vaak daa prakaaraj hundaa hai| par kaaraj dee dristtee ton vaakaan

deean tin kisamaan gineean jaandeean hana biaaneea vaak, aagiaa vaachak vaak ate prashanavaachak vaak| einhaan vaak kisamaan dee charachaa hetthaan, misaalaan sahit keetee gee hai|

biaaneea vaaka jis vaak raaheen koee bulaaraa sarote noo koee soochanaa denaa chaahe jaan kise tath noo biaan karanaa chaahe, aus noo biaaneea vaak kahinde han| sapashatt hai ki jis vaak daa parakaaraj kise tath jaan soochanaa noo biaan karadaa hove, aus noo biaaneea vaak kihaa jaandaa hai| attal sachaaeean de biaan lee vee biaaneea vaakaan dee varaton keetee jaandee hai | biaaneea vaakaan de kujh namoone ih han

a jalandhar shahir vich darajan ton vadh kaalaj han|

a dharatee sooraj duaale ghunmadee hai|

e us dee nauakaree lag gee hai|

eih vee vekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai ki biaaneea vaak vichalaa biaan haanpakhee vee ho sakadaa hai, naanhapakhee vee| upar vaak a, a ate e haanpakhee biaan vaale han| hetthaan daraj vaak sa, ha ate ka naanhapakhee biaan vaale han

sa saadde pindd vich koee vee sakool naheen hai|

ha sooraj dharatee duaale naheen ghunmadaa|

ka pichhale hafate ton ithe meenh naheen piaa|

aagiaavaachak vaak jis vaak raaheen bhaashaaee bulaaraa sarote noo kujh karan lee aakhe us noo aagiaavaachak vaak kihaa jaandaa hai | bulaare duaaraa sarote noo kujh karan lee kahinaa bulaare daa aades vee ho sakadaa hai| benatee vee jaan hukam vee |

jiven

a kaake, eik galaas paanee liaaeen|

a kirapaa karake ik galaas paanee liaao|

e aao, paanee lai ke aaeee|

aupar daraj saare vaakaan vich bulaare duaaraa ik sarotesarotiaan noo iko hee kam karan lee kihaa giaa hai| uh kam hai paanee liaaunaa| par har vaak vich paanee liaaun lee kahe ge andaaz ate bhaavanaa vich antar hai | vaak a vich hukamee andaaj hai jadak vaak a vich benatee soochak|

naanpakhee ate naanh vaachee biaaneea vaakaan vaang aagiaa vaachak vaak vee haanpakhee jaan naanhapakhee ho sakade han| upar daraj vaak a, a ate e haan pakhee aagiaa vaale han par hetthaan daraj vaak sa, ha ate ka naanhapakhee aagiaa vaale han

sa kaake, kalh, sakoole naa jaaeen|

ha barasaataan vich bahutaa daheen naa khaaeo|

ka putar, sigarett naa peeaa kar|

aagiaa vaachak vaakaan vich kiriaa daa preranaarathak roop varatiaa jaandaa hai

jo dooje purakh lee hundaa hai| ise lee aagiaa vaachak vaakaan vich sanbandhit dhir daa honaa zarooree naheen| misaal vajon vaak a ate vaak ha vich sanbodhit dhir lee koee shabad naheen hai| par vaak a ate sa vich hai kaakaa aagiaavaachak vaak vich sanbandhit dhir hamesaa hee sarotaa hundee hai jo doojaa purakh hundee hai ate ik vachanee vee ho sakadee hai ate bahuvachanee vee|

prashanaachak vaak aus vaak noo prashanavaachak vaak kihaa jaandaa hai jis duaaraa bhaasaaee bulaaraa sarote kolon koee soochanaa praapat karanaa chaahave| jiven

a ih kam kis ne keetaa hai

a tuseen dilee kadon jaavoge

e kee mohan daa bharaa bimaar hai

sa kee uh dileeon aa giaa hai

sarote duaaraa dite jaan vaalee soochanaa de aadhaar te prashanaachak vaakaan noo do varagaan vich rakhiaa jaa sakadaa hai| ik varag de prasnavaachak vaak uh hunde han, jiharre kise soochanaa de vere jaan naamakaran dee mang karade han| is varag vich vaak a ate a aaunde han | vaak a de utar vich kam karan vaale daa naan dasanaa banadaa hai ate vaak a de utar vich dilee jaan lee mithe ge din daa dooje varag vich uh prashanavaachak vaak rakhe jaande han jinhaan daa utar haan jaa naheen vich hee ditaa jaa sake | upar daraj vaak e ate sa is varag de han|

panjaabee vich prashanavaachak vaakaan dee sirajanaa do vidheean duaaraa keetee jaandee hai vaakasur dee varaton duaaraa ate prasnavaachak sbadaan dee varaton duaaraa|

vaak sur eenattonattiona vaak sur dee varaton taan lagabhag har bhaashaa vich keetee jaandee miladee hai| vaak sur ton bhaav vises prakaar daa uchaaran lahizaa hai jo vaak noo ik prasn de roop vich saakaar karadaa hai| is sathitee vich kis prasnavaachak sbad dee varaton naheen keetee jaandee| misaal vajon

a kalh kaalaj chhuttee hai

a dilee chalaa giai

e tuseen kalh, ludhiaane ge see

prashanavaachak sbad panjaabee vich prashanavaachak sbad ka dhunee naal aaranbh hunde han jivenkee, kauan, kiven, kithe, kidhar, kadon aad| upar aseen prashanavaachak sbadaan vaale vaak pes kar aae han| sankhep vich ik vanagee lee jaa sakadee hai|

kee uh kam karadaa hai

auh kee kam karadaa hai

auh kam kee karadaa hai

auh kam karadaa kee hai

sitte vajon keh sakade haan ki prakaaraj de aadhaar te vaak biaaneea, aagiaavaachak ate prashanavaachak hunde han ate vanagee dee vaakabanatar de pachhaanayog lachhan han|

prashana roop arathaat banatar de aadhaar te vaakaan deean kisamaan daa veravaa misaalaan sahit pesh karo|

autara vaak bhaashaa dee sabh ton vaddee viaakaranak ikaaee hai | vaak dee kisam vandd roop ate parakaaraj de aadhaaraan te keetee jaandee hai| ithe asaan roop arathaat banatar de aadhaar te vaak deean kisamaan noo vichaaranaa hai|

roop de aadhaar te vaak deean do upashreneean banaaeean jaandeean han| pahilee srenee vich kiriaa rahit vaak ate doojee vich kiriaasahit vaak rakhe jaande han| aam karake kihaa jaandaa hai ki har vaak vich kiriaa sbad daa honaa laazamee hai par bolachaal vich aseen ajihe vaak varatade haan jinhaan vich kiriaa sbad dee anahond hundee hai| ajihe vaakaan noo kiriaa rahit vaak kihaa jaandaa hai| kiriaa rahit vaak do prakaar de hunde han 1 sandarabh moolak vaak ate 2 raiddeemedd vaak|

sandarabhamoolak vaak bolachaal samen kee vaak kiriaa sahit bole jaande han| ajihe vaakaan de pooran arath dee pakarr samen de bhaashaaee ate samaajak sandarabh vich keetee jaandee hai| misaal vajon sohan ate mohan dee hetthalee galabaat ton ih nukataa sapastt hovegaa|

sohanakalh kithe see

mohanadalee

sohanakiaun

mohanauhee mukadamaa

sohan haan,,... achhaa... aje vee|

aupar daraj sohan duaaraa bole ge pahile vaak vich hee kiriaa baakee diaan vaakaan vich naheen hai par inhaan vaakaan de arath pahile vaak de sandarabh vich sapashatt ho jaande han|

raiddeemedd vaaka samaajak rahineebahinee vich kee kiriaa rahit vaak raiddeemedd vaak akhaanaamuhaavariaan vaang prachalat hunde han| inhaan noo raiddeemedd vaak kihaa jaandaa hai| ajihe vaak kise daa suaakat karan jaan dhanavaad kahin aad lee varate jaande han| jiven

a satisree akaal jee |

a changaa jee, bahut bahut dhanavaad|

e jee aaeaan noo|

kiriaa sahit arathaat kiriaavee shrenee de vaakaan noo tin kisamaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai sadhaaran vaak, sanyukat vaak ate misharat vaak|

sadhaaran vaak jis vich keval ik hee kiriaa vaakansh hove, aus noo sadhaaran vaak kihaa jaandaa hai| sadhaaran vaak vich kaalakee kiriaa vaakansh hee vicharadaa hai| ih vee kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki iko upavaak vaalaa vaak sadhaaran vaak hundaa hai| sadhaaran vaak vich naanv jaan naanvavaakans taan ik ton vadh aa sakade han par

kiriaa vaakansh ik hee hundaa hai| sadhaaran vaak vich kiriaa naal kiriaa visesn vee aa sakadaa hai| hetthale vaak sadhaaran banatar vaale vaak han

a munddaa ghar noo jaandaa hai|

a uh chimache naal chaual khaandaa hai

e mohan daa vaddaa bharaa bahut tez turadaa hai|

sadhaaran vaakaan vich kaalakee kiriaa de sathaan te kiriaa poorak vee kiriaa vaakansh daa parakaaraj nibhaaunde han

sa us daa vaddaa bharaa ddaakattar hai|

ha uh kurree panjaaban hai|

sanyukat vaak jis vaak vich ik ton vadhere sadhaaran vaakaan noo sanyukat kar ke rakhiaa jaave, aus noo sanyukat vaak aakhade han | sadhaaran vaak aapane aap vich savaadheen upavaak hunde han| inj kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki ik ton vadhere savaadheen upavaakaan vaalaa vaak sanyukat vaak hundaa hai| sanyukat vaak vichale upavaakaan noo aapas vich jorran lee samaan yojanaa dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| panjaabee vich ate, par aad samaan yojan han| kee vaar bolachaal vich tthahiraao ate likhatee roop vich kaame , noo vee yojak vajon varatiaa jaandaa hai|

sanyukat vaak dee ik vaddee pachhaan ih vee hai ki is vichale kise vee upavaak jo vakh kar liaa jaave taan uh aapane aap vich viaakaran banatar pakhon pooran sadhaaran vaak hundaa hai| misaal vajon hetthale sanyukat vaak le jaa sakade han

ka mundde khedd rahe san ate kurreean parrh raheean san|

kha sohan sutaa piaa see, mohan sinemaa vekhan giaa hoeaa see par unhaan dee maan hasapataal daakhal see|

misharat vaak ik ton vadh upavaakaan vaalaa vaak jis vich ghattoghatt ik paraadheen upavaak hove, aus noo misharat vaak aakhade han| paraadheen upavaak uh hundaa hai jo vaak ton vakh ho ke pooran viaakaranak banatar vaalaa vaak naa hove| paraadheen up vaakaan vich jaan taan kiriaa akaalakee hundee hai ate jaan inhaan daa sabandh adheen yojanaa naal hundaa hai| panjaabee vich ja dhunee vaale yojakajiven, jo, jiharraa, je, jiaun, jaan aad ate ki adheen yojak han|

a munddaa kurasee te baitth ke rottee khaa rihaa hai|

a uh ghar pahunchadiaan hee bimaar ho giaa|

vaak a vich baitth ke ate vaak a vich pahunchadiaan akaalakee kiriaavaan han is lee inhaan vaakaan vichale pahile upavaak paraadheen upavaak han ate magarale upavaak savaadheen | hetthaan dite ge vaakaan vich adheen yojakaan vaale paraadheen upavaak vekhe jaa sakade han

a je uh mihanat karegaa taan paas ho jaavegaa|

a jiharraa bolegaa uhee kunddaa kholhegaa |

aus ne kihaa ki ajakal panjaab vich bahut garamee hai|

adheen yojakaan vaale upavaak aam karake vaak vich pahilaan vicharade han jiven vaak a ate a vich is lee inhaan vaakaan vichale pahile upavaak paraadheen upavaak han

je uh mihanat karegaa

jiharraa bolegaa

par ki yojak vaale upavaak jo vaak de ant vich vicharadaa hai, auh paraadheen upavaak hundaa hai | vaak e ki yojak ton pahilaan aaun vaalaa upavaak savaadheen hai par pichhon aaun vaalaa upavaak paraadheen|

sitte vajon kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki roop jaan banatar dee drishattee ton vaak kiriaa rahit vee hunde han ate kiriaavee vee| kiriaa rahit vaak sandarabh moolak jaan raiddeemedd hunde han ate kiraavee vaak sadhaaran, sanyukat ate misharat|

prashana panjaabee vaak banatar ute ik sankhep nott likho

autara duneea vich boleean jaandeean bhaashaavaan dee ginatee besumaar hai, par har bhaashaa kise vee doojee bhaasaa naalon vakharee prakaar dee hundee hai| bhaasaavaan dee vakharataa mool roop vich vaakabanatar dee vakharataa ute aadhaarat hundee hai| inj panjaabee bhaasaa dee vaak banatar hor bhaasaavaan naalon kee pakhaan ton vakharataa rakhadee hai| panjaabee vaaka banatar de vises lachhan hetth likhe anusaar han|

panjaabee vaak banatar vich naanvaakansh pahilaan ate kiriaa vaakans pichhon aaundaa hai| je panjaabee vaak vich karataa ate karam soochak doven naanvavaakans hon taan sabh ton pahilaan karataanavaanvaakans, fer karam naanvavaakansh te pichhon kiriaa vaakans aaundaa hai| is ton latt angarezee bhaasaa dee vaak banatar vich kiriaa vaakans karataa ate karam dee vichakaar vicharadaa hai

a mohan ne ik kahaanee sunaaee|

karataa karam kiriaa

a nohan ttholad a shattore

karataa kiriaa karam

eis drishattee ton panjaabee noo shauarra bhaashaa kihaa jaandaa hai arathaat uh bhaasaa jis vich pahilaa karataa shubajechattasha, fer karam auabajechattaaua ate pichhon kiriaa rrerabarra daa vichaaran hundaa hai| is ton ulatt angarezee bhaashaa sharrau vanagee dee hai| arathaat is vich karataa, kiriaa ate karam ise tarateeb vich vicharade han|

panjaabee vaakabanatar vich sabandhak naanv shabadaan ton pichhon vicharade han jiven, mez te... kamare vich... chaakoo naal... aad par angarezee vich sabandhak shabad naanv ton pahilaan vicharade han, jiven auan tthehe tthabale... een tthehe room... aanittah ttehe kanidde aad|

panjaabee vaakaan vich vishesn aapane vises arathaat naanv ton pahilaan varate

jaande han ate vichaaree vishesn aapane vises naal ling ate vachan aad viaakaranak sreneean daa mel rakhade han, jiven

kaalaa ghorraa... kaalee ghorree... kaale ghorre... kaaleean ghorreean... aad|

panjaabee vaakaan vich karataa, karam aad de soochak naanv vee kiriaa naal viaakaranak shreneean daa mel sathaapat karade han| khaas karake ling ate vachan sreneean daa| is vanagee deean kujh misaalaan ih han

a munddaa rottee khaandaa hai|

a mundde rottee khaande han|

e mundde ne rottee khaadhee|

sa mundde ne rotteean khaadheean|

vaak a ate a vich karataa ate kiriaa daa mel hai ate vaak e ate sa vich karam ate kiriaa daa|

har bhaashaa deean kujh mool vaak banataraan hundeean han jo vibhin parakaar de anaginat vaakaan dee sirajanaa daa aadhaar banadeean han| panjaabee bhaasaa dee mool vaak banataraan sat han jo hetth likhe anusaar han jinhaan vich naanvavaakes dee thaan naanv ate kiriaa vaakes dee thaan soochak kiriaa varatiaa giaa hai|

1. naanv kiriaa

kutaa bhauankadaa hai|

2. naanv poorak naanva kiriaa

auh ddaakattar hai|

3. naanv poorak vishesna kiriaa

eih munddaa kaalaa hai|

4. naanv poorak kiriaa vishesna kiriaa|

mohan andar hai|

5. naanv karataa naanv karama kiriaa|

munddaa rottee khaandaa hai|

6. naanv karataa naanv aparadhaan karama karam pradhaana kiriaa|

maan ne bache noo dudh pilaaeaa|

naanv karataa naanv karama naanv pooraka kiriaa|

aus ne aapane bharaa noo ddaakattar banaaeaa|

auparokat charachaa ton sapashatt hai ki panjaabee vaak banataraan kee vilakhan lachhanaan deean dhaaranee han|

prashana upavaak kee hai panjaabee de savaadheen ate paraadheen upavaakaan dee sanrachanaa sabandhee charachaa karo|

autara upavaak noo paribhaashat karan lee aam tauar te ih kihaa jaandaa hai

ki upavaak ajihee viaakaranak ikaaee hai jo vaak ton chhottee hundee hai par vaakansh ton vaddee| jaan ih vee kihaa jaandaa hai ki vaakansh ate vaak de daramiaan vicharan vaalee viaakaranak ikaaee noo upavaak aakhade han | je upavaak noo vigiaanak dristtee ton paribhaast karanaa hove taan keh sakade haan ki vaak daa uh ang jis daa aapanaa udes shubajechatta ate vidhea faredichatte hove uh upavaak hundaa hai| is drishattee ton up vaak vaak daa ik ang hunde hoe vee vaak do lachhanaan daa dhaaranee hundaa hai| upavaak do prakaar de hunde han savaadheen upavaak ate paraadheen upavaak|

savaadheen upavaak uh upavaak jo vaak ton vakh ho ke vee aapane aap vich ik sutantar sadhaaran vaak hove, aus noo savaadheen eenadipenadenatta aupavaak aakhade han| dooje shabadaan vich inj kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki kise vaak daa ang banan vaalaa sadhaaran vaak upavaak daa darajaa dhaaran karadaa hai| ithon ih gal vee sapastt hundee hai ki savaadheen upavaak unhaan saare lachhanaan daa dhaaranee hundaa hai jiharre lachhan sadhaaran vaak dee banatar de hunde han|

sadhaaran vaak vaang savaadheen up vaak vich kaalakee kiriaa vaakesh dee varaton keetee jaandee hai ate is noo kise hor upavaak naal jorran lee samaan yojan dee varaton keetee jaandee hai| sanyukat chhomapounada vaakaan vich saare de saare upavaak savaadheen upavaak hee hunde han|

haranaam khedd rihaa see, karataaraa parrh rihaa see par balakaar sutaa piaa see|

auparokat sanyukat vaak vich tin upavaak han jo sahaaeik kiriaa see naal khatam hunde han| ih tine hee savaadheen upavaak han| kiaunk vaak ton vakh ho ke eih aap ik sadhaaran vaak daa darajaa rakhade han

a₁ haranaam khedd rihaa see|

a₂ karataaraa parrh rihaa see|

a₃ balakaar sutaa piaa see |

misharat vaakaan vich vee savaadheen upavaak varate jaande han par vakhavakh yojakaan de sabandh vich inhaan daa vaakasathaan vakhavakh hundaa hai jis baare paraadheen upavaak baare charachaa vich vichaar keetee jaavegee|

paraadheen up vaak uh upavaak jo vaak ton vakh ho ke sutantar vaak daa darajaa rakhan de samarath naa hon, aunhaan noo paraadheen upavaak kihaa jaandaa hai| paraadheen upavaakaan dee varaton savaadheen upavaakaan de naal misharat vaakaan vich keetee jaandee hai| paraadheen dhepenadenatta aupavaakaan dee banatar vich adheen yojakaan atejaan akaalakee kiriaa roopaan dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|

panjaabee de uh yojak jo ja dhunee naal shuroo hunde, aunhaan noo adheen yojak kihaa jaandaa hai jivenje, jo, jiharraa, jithe, jaan aad| inhaan ton ilaavaa ki vee ik adheen yojak hai| adheen yojakaan naal shuroo hon vaale upavaak paraadheen upavaak hunde han| hetthaan daraj vaakaan ton sapastt hundaa hai j dhunee vaale adheen yojakaan vaale upavaak arathaat paraadheen vaak vich pahilaan aaunde han ate savaadheen upavaak

baad vich

a je toon parrhaaee naa keetee taan felh ho jaavegaa|

a jo kurasee te baitthaa hai uh mohan daa bharaa hai|

e jiharraa mihanat karegaa, auh paas ho jaavegaa|

par adheen yojak ki vaak de aaranbh vich naheen varatiaa jaandaa is lee is yojak vaale vaak vich pahilaa upavaak savaadheen hundaa hai ate magaralaa arathaat ki vaalaa upavaak paraadheen upavaak hundaa hai|

a us ne kihaa ki uh kal chhuttee lavegaa|

a sabh jaanade han ki dharatee sooraj duaale ghunmadee hai|

panjaabee vich doojee prakaar de paradheen upavaak akaalakee kiriaa roopaan dee varaton vaale hunde han| kiriaa de dhaatoo roop jaan eaan, ke,nono aad pichhetaraan vaale kiriaa roop akaalakee roop de han|

a uh kurasee te baitth ke rotteean khaa rihaa hai|

a us ne ghar varradiaan hee kott laah ditaa|

vaak a vich uh kurasee te baitth ke ate vaak a vich aus ne ghar varradiaan hee paraadheen upavaak han|

kee paraadheen upavaak ajihe vee hunde han jo naa taan vaak de shuroo vich hunde han ate naa hee ant vich sagon ikaeik sadhaaran vaak de vichakaar| ajihe upavaak noo lupat omabedadeda vaak kihaa jaandaa hai| is vanagee de paraadheen upavaak naanv de vishesk vajon kaarajaseel hunde han jiven

auh munddaa, jis de hath vich kitaab hai, meraa dosat hai|

auparale vaak vich jis de hath vich kitaab hai paraadheen upavaak hai auh munddaa meraa dosat hai vaak de madh vich vicharadaa hai|

sankhep vich kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki sanyukat ate misharat vaakaan dee banatar vich upavaak saamil hunde han| sanyukat vaak vichale saare upavaak savaadheen hunde han par misrat vaak vichale upavaak paraadheen ate savaadheen dohaan kisamaan de han|

prashana panjaabee de misrat vaak dee sanrachanaa baare charachaa karo|

autara misharat vaak roop jaan banatar de aadhaar ute sathaapat ik vaak vanagee hai| roop aadhaarat vaak banataraan saadhaaran vaak, sanyukat vaak ate misharat vaak| inhaan dee sathaapanaan daa sabandh upavaak dee vanagee naal hundaa hai| sadhaaran vaak taan ik savaadheen upavaak hundaa hai ate sanyukat vaak vich saare upavaak savaadheen upavaak hunde han par misrat vaak vich savaadheen eenadipenadenatta ate paraadheen dhepenadenatta dohaan kisamaan de upavaak hunde han| misharat vaak dee paribhaasaa karan vajon kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki jis vaak vich ghattoghatt ik paraadheen upavaak hove, aus noo misharat vaak kihaa jaandaa hai |

misharat vaakaan vich pahilee kisam de paraadheen upavaak uh hunde han jo

adheen yojak naal vicharade han| panjaabee vich jo, jiharre, je, jis ate ki aad adheen yojak han| inhaan dee varaton vaale kujh misharat vaak ih han

a je meenh piaa, taan fasal changee hovegee|

a jiharraa mihanat karegaa, auh paas ho jaavegaa|

e us ne kihaa, ki mohan noo bukhaar charrhiaa hoeaa hai|

aupar daraj misharat vaak a ate a vich kaame , ton pahilaan vaale upavaak paraadheen han ate magarale savaadheen par vaak e vich kaame , ton pahilaan vaak savaadheen hai ate magaralaa paraadheen| ithon ih sapashatt hundaa hai ki misrat vaak vich upavaak pahile sathaan te vee aa sakade han ate antale sathaan te vee ate iven hee savaadheen upavaak vee|

doojee kisam de misharat vaak uh hunde han jinhaan vichale paraadheen upavaak akaalakee kiriaa roopaan vaale hon | panjaabee vich kiriaa daa dhaatoo roop ate is naal eaan, no, no, ke aad pichhetaraan vaale roop akaalakee hunde han| is vanagee de kujh vaak ih han

aaus ne kaparre dho ke ishanaan keetaa|

akaparre dhondiaan us dee akh vich saaban pai giaa|

auparale misharat vaakaan vich lakeere ge ans paraadheen han|

sankhep vich kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki misharat vaak vich ghattoghatt ik paraadheen upavaak zaroor hundaa hai jo vaak de aaranbh vich vee aa sakadaa hai ate ant vich vee|

prashana roop vigiaan norapahologe baare tuseen kee jaanade ho

autara roop vigiaan shabadaan dee andaroonee banatar naal sanbandhit hai| bhaasaa de pramakh tin roop hunde han | dhunee roop ate arath | roop bhaasaa dee vichakaaralee sattej hai jo ik paase dhunee naal ate dooje paase arath naal jurree hundee hai| dhunee ton roop bhaav sbad kiven siraje jaande han, roop vigiaan daa adhiain khetar hai | roop vigiaan viaakaran daa ik hisaa hai| viaakaran vich shabad dee andaroonee ate baaharee banatar daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai | sbadaan dee andaroonee banatar naal sanbandhit vigiaan noo roop vigiaan kihaa jaandaa hai ate sbadaan dee baaharee banatar naal sanbandhit vigiaan noo vaak vigiaan | vaak vigiaan sbadaan de varataare naal sanbandh rakhadaa hai jadon ki roop vigiaan sbadaan dee banatar naal|

auparokat de aadhaar te roop vigiaan sanbandhee nimanalikhit nukate darasaae jaa sakade han

1 roop vigiaan viaakaran dee ik shaakhaa hai jis vich sbad dee andaroonee banatar daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai|

2 roop vigiaan naven gharre ge shabadaan daa vidhaanik adhiain hai|

3 roop vigiaan misharat sbadaan dee andaroonee banatar daa adhiain karadaa hai|

4 roop vigiaan shabadaan daa vibhin roopaan daa adhiain karadaa hai|

5 roop vigiaan shabad roop daa vigiaan hai|

roop vigiaan de mukh roop vich do bhaag hunde han|

1 shabad sanrachanaa aaorad sattaruchatture

2 shabad rachanaa aaorad ddormattiona

1 shabad sanrachanaa vich sbadaan dee andaroonee banatar daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai| bhaav dhuneean ton sbadaan daa sirajan kiven hundaa hai shabad banatarasanrachanaa dee dristtee ton sbad noo tin varagaan vich vanddiaa jaandaa hai,

1 sadhaaran shabad

2 misharat sbad

3 sanyukat shabad

sadhaaran shabad sutantar dhaatooaan ton siraje ge shabad noo sadhaaran sbad aakhade han| sadhaaran sbad ajihe sutantar dhaatoo hunde han jo bhaasaa vich sutantar roop vich arath pradaan karan de samarath hon| jiven kar, autth, pee, jaa, lai aad sutantar dhaatoo ton siraje ge sadhaaran shabad han|

sadhaaran shabadaan noo fir agon do vanageean vich rakhiaa jaandaa hai

a koshagat sbad

a viaakaranak shabad

a koshagat sbad koshagat sbad ajihe sadhaaran sbad hunde han jo ik kosgat ikaaee vajon kos vich indaraaj keetaa jaa sake| jiven kar, pee, bahi, leh aad noo koshagat sbad kihaa jaandaa hai|

a viaakaranak shabad viaakaranak shabad ajihe sadhaaran sbad hunde han jo sutantar gair dhaatooaan raaheen siraje jaande han| ih sbad sutantar taan hunde han par inhaan de sutantar roop vich arath naheen hunde| jiven sanbandhak, yojak, dabaa vaachak, naanh vaachak, ank, ne, noo, jo, ate, hee aad viaakaranak shabad han|

2 misharat sbad kee shabad ajihe hunde han jinhaan vich dhaatoo naal agetar jaan pichhetar jorr ke sbadaan daa niramaan keetaa jaandaa hai| inhaan sbadaan noo misrat sbad kihaa jaandaa hai| jiven,

karadaa karadaa

jaandaa jaavadaa

maradaa maradaa

jaan jaan

einhaan shabadaan vich mool sbad naal pichhetar jorr ke naven sbadaan daa niramaan kar liaa jaandaa hai| ih misrat sbad hunde han| panjaabee bhaasaa vich ih uparokat sbad ton ilaavaa sapatar, kapatar, aupabolee, bhaashaaee, mundde, kurreean, karo, bharo, jaao, khaao aad misharat han|

3 sanyukat shabad do dhaatoo de sumel ton bane shabadaan noo sanyukat sbad kihaa jaandaa hai| jiven

lokasabhaa lokasabhaa

pauanapaanee pauanapaanee

sirapeerr sirapeerr

ghorrasavaar ghorrsavaar

sanyukat shabad vich dhaatoo sutantar vee ho sakade han ate bandhejee dhaatoo vee| jiven lok sabhaa vich lok vee sutantar dhaatoo hai ate sabhaa vee| prantoo ghorrasavaar vich ghorr bandhejee dhaatoo hai ate savaar sutantar dhaatoo|

eis prakaar roop vigiaan bhaashaa dee ajihee ik mehatavapooran saakhaa hai jis vich sbadaan dee banatar ton ilaavaa sbad dee roop rachanaa daa vee adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai|

shabad rachanaa

shabad rachanaa do tarhaan dee hundee hai,

1 vikaaree shabad rachanaa

2 avikaaree shabad

eis ton ilaavaa shabad rachanaa noo hetth likheean vanageean vich hee rakhiaa jaandaa hai|

1 viauntapat shabad rachanaa

2 roopaantaree shabad rachanaa

1 viauntapat shabad rachanaa viauntapat shabad rachanaa vich kise ik sbad ton doosaraa sbad viauntapat kar liaa jaandaa hai | jiven larr ton larraaee| is prakaar viauntapat noo hetth likhe varagaan vich rakhiaa jaandaa hai

1 kiriaa ton naanv

kar ton karam

tur ton tor

chal ton chaal

larr ton larraaee

2 naanv ton vishesn

tiaag ton tiaagee

bhaashaa ton bhaask

lutt ton lottoo

khoj ton khojee

3 naan ton kiriaa

kar ton karanaa

tor ton toran

khoj ton khojanaa

2 roopaantaree shabad rachanaa roopaantaree shabad rachanaa vich ik sbad ton koee doosaraa sbad viauntapat naheen keetaa jaandaa sagon ik sbad naal pichhetar lagaa ke us de prakaaraj noo visataariaa jaandaa hai,

kar fagatt; karanaa

jaa fagatt; jaanaa

autth fagatt; autthanaa

kar ton karo

jaa ton jaao

autth ton uttho aad|

eis prakaar roop vigiaan, mukh tauar te shabad daa vigiaan hai| is vich sbad dee andaroonee banatar vele sbad sanrachanaa daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai ate sbad rachanaa vele vibhin sbad sirajanaa deean vidheean daa adhiain keetaa jaandaa hai|

prashana roopagraam norapaheme dee paribhaashaa dio ate is dee pachhaan karan deean vidheean baare vee chaananaa paao|

autara roopagraam shabad dee rachanaatamak ikaaee hai| haakatt ne kihaa ki bhaasaa de pravachan vich roop graam sabh ton nike ate saarathakh tat han| naaeiddaa daa kathan hai ki roopagraam sabh ton chhotteean ikaaeean han jinhaan ton sbadaan ate sabadaas dee rachanaa hundee hai|

roopagraam shabadaan de niramaan vich chhottee ton chhottee ikaaee noo kihaa jaandaa hai| is lee bhaasaa de laghootam vislesn lee buniaadee ikaaee roopagraam hai|

roopagraam noo bhaavaansh vee kihaa jaandaa hai| dohaan daa arath, eiko hai, bas shabadaan daa antar hai| jiven hetth likhe sbadaan noo dekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai,

larradaa fagatt; larradaa

maradee fagatt; maradaee

turee fagatt; turaee

einhaan shabadaan vichon larradaa vich larradaa tin roopagraam jaan bhaavaans han, maradee vich vee maradaee tin bhaashaavaan han ate turee vich turaee do bhaavaans han| vadhere sapastt karan lee inhaan bhaavaansaan noo niman rekhaank raaheen vee sapastt keetaa jaa sakadaa hai,

a larradaa

eis prakaar roopagraamabhaavaansh de prasang vich kihaa jaa sakadaa hai|

a roopagraam bhaashaa dee chhotteechhottee ikaaee hai|

a roopagraam saarathak ikaaee hai jo agon shabad daa sirajan karadee hai|

e roopagraam viaakaranak ikaaeean han| bhaav hai ki roopagraam daa bhaashaaee prakaaraj viaakaran de prasang vich hee saarathak hundaa hai|

sa roopagraam attatt hunde han| is lee ih agon saarathak ikaaeean vich naheen vandde jaa sakade|

ha roopagraam amooratan ikaaee hunde han| inhaan daa samoorateekaran roopaanshajaan sbadaasaan raaheen hundaa hai|

ka roopagraam uchaar khandd de samaroop naheen hunde|

eis prakaar roopagraam noo sathaapat karan lee roopagraam dee vibhin prakaarajee saroopaan noo uleekan bahut laajamee hundaa hai|

eis ton ilaavaa naaeedd ne roopagraam dee pachhaan karan lee chhe sidhaant prasataavit keete han| ih sidhaant ziaadaatar angarejee bhaashaa dee bhaavaans viaunt noo dhiaan vich rakh ke uleeke ge han| par inhaan noo sidhaantaan de sarab viaapak nem dujeean bhaasaavaan de roopagraamaan dee pachhaan karan hit vee varate jaa sakade han|

prashana panjaabee naanvavaakans dee banatar sanbandhee udaaharanaan sahit charachaa karo|

autara vaakansh ik ajihee viaakaranak ikaaee hai jis dee banatar har bhaasaa vich vilakhan prakaar dee hundee hai| ih kahinaa at kathanee naheen hovegaa ki vibhin bhaasaavaan dee viaakaranak banatar daa mool aadhaar ihanaan bhaasaavaan dee naanvavaakans banatar hee hundee hai| naanvavaakans dee paribhaasaa vajon kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki uh sbad jaan sbad samooh jo vaak banatar vich naanv srenee daa kaaraj nibhaave us noo naanvavaakans kihaa jaandaa hai|

naanvavaakansh dee uparokat paribhaasaa ton ih sanket miladaa hai ki is vich ik sbad vee ho sakadaa hai ate ik ton vadh sbad vee| je naanvavaakans vich ik hee sbad hovegaa taan uh naanv jaan naanv dee thaan ute varatiaa jaan vaalaa sbad parranaanv hee hovegaa par ik ton vadh sbadaan vaale naanvavaakans dee banatar kee hovegee eihee nukataa ithe vichaaraadheen hai

eikashabadee naanvavaakans dee misaal vajon hetthale vaak lee jaa sakade hana

a haranaam rottee khaandaa hai|

a uh rottee khaandaa hai|

vaak a vich ik naanv shabad haranaama ate vaak a vich ik parranaanv sbad uha naanvavaakans daa kaaraj nibhaaunde han|

sadhaaran vaakaan vich kiriaavaakansh bhaaven ik hee hundaa hai par naanvavaakans ik ton vadh aa sakade han; jiven hetthale sadhaaran vaakaan vich chaar naanvavaakansh hana

e haranaam beree uton laatthee naal ber laah rihaa hai|

sa bazurag daaee bahut chhotte bache noo chaandee de chimache naal kosaakosaa dudh pilaa rahee hai|

vaak e ate sa vich mottee chhapaaee vaale ansh naanvavaakans han| vekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai ki ihanaan kee ansaan vich taan ikaeik sbad hee hai ate keean vich ik ton vadh sbad| is nukate de aadhaar ute panjaabee naanvavaakans dee banatar noo suvidhaajanak samajhiaa jaa sakadaa hai|

panjaabee naanvavaakansh dee banatar vich do prakaar de ans hunde hana zarooree ate gor jrooree | naanvavaakans daa zarooree ansh hundaa hai koee naanv jaan koee parranaanv | naanv vaakans de is jrooree vee ans noo mukh sbad saa head aanorada kihaa jaandaa hai| gair zarooree anshaan ton ilaavaa mukh sbad naanv jaan parranaanva ikalaa hee aa sakadaa hai| hetthale vaakaan vich is vanagee de naanvavaakansh vekhe jaa sakade han|

a haranaam dukaanadaar hai|

a uh bahut tez dauarradee hai|

e munddaa rottee khaa rihaa hai|

naanvavaakansh vich vaak a ton e tak dite ge mukh sbadaan de naal hor vee kee sbad aa sakade han jihanaan noo naanvavaakans de gair zarooree ans vajon liaa jaandaa hai| motte tauar ute kihaa jaa sakadaa hai ki panjaabee naanvavaakans de gair jrooree ansaan daa kaaraj nibhaaun vaale ans hana visesk, sabandhak ate dabaa vaachee shabad|

naanv vaakansh ate viseska uh bhaashaaee ans jo kise naanv dee visestaa biaan kare us noo vishesk kihaa jaandaa hai| panjaabee naanvavaakansh dee banatar vich viseskaan dee varaton naanvavaakans de uhanaan ansaan naal keetee jaandee hai jo naanv srenee de sbad hon| is ton bhaav ih hai ki parranaanv srenee de sbadaan naal kise vee visesk dee varaton naheen keetee jaandee | panjaabee naanvavaakans dee banatar vich visesk hetth likhe han|

1 aadarasuchak shabad

2 vishesn

3 vishesnavaakans

4 kiriaa vaakansh

5 naanvavaakansh

6 aadar soochak shabad

i vishesk vajon aadarasoochak sbada panjaabee naanvavaakansh dee banatar vich aadarasoochak sbad viseskaan vajon kaarajaseel hunde han| ih sbad hana sree, sreemaan, janaab, bhaaee saahib, jee, hureen aad| vishes nukataa ih hai ki panjaabee naanva vaakans vich aadarasoochak sbad mukhasbad arathaat naanv ton pahilaan vee aa sakade han ate pichhon vee| hetthaan daraj vaak a uh aadarasoochak sbad naanv ton pahilaan hai ate vaak a vich pichhon| isade naal hee vaak e vich aadarasoochak naanv ton pahilaan vee hai ate pichhon vee|