mereean likhataan noo uddeekade tur ge

pro chanan raam sharoor jee de naan

tatakaraa

• panjaabee kaavachintan paranparaa
• bhaaee veer singh daa kaavachintana
• pooran singh kaav rab dee bedakhalee
• haribhajan singh suhajavant kavee
• nekee kaav paaradesh dee chintaa
• paash burajuaa suhajasankalap ton inakaar
• paash kaav vich vidaroh daa sur

panjaabee kaavachintan paranparaa

1

nauanveen dasaveen sadee de naath jogeean ton lai ke utaraaadhunikataavaadee sanvaad tak saadde saahamane panjaabee kavitaa ate kaavachintan dee bahut ameer paranparaa mauajood hai| lagabhag ik hazaar saal de lanbe kaalakhandd vich failee panjaabee kavitaa ate kaavachintan paranparaa de saar te saroop noo samajhan lee de nukate bahut mehatavapooran han pahilaa ih ki saahit dee vilakhan prakiratee noo samajhan lee saahitashaasataree chintan daa aaranbh saahitasirajanaa de naal hee ho jaandaa hai ate dusaraa ih ki itihaasak yugabodh anukool saahit ate saahitasaasataree chintan vich tabadeeleean laajmee itihaasak lorr vajon vaaparadeean han| ik sookham kalaa ate saahit de vises roop vajon kavitaa dee hondavidhee onattologe noo samajhanasamajhaaun lee sansaar padhar te anekaan ganbheer yatan hoe han| poorab vich bharat munee ate pachham vich palaitto duaaraa saahit dee sidhaantak charachaa de aaranbh ton pahilaan hee vedaan ate homar de mahaankaavaan vich saahit dee hondavidhee baare shaasataree charachaa de sanket mil jaande han| panjaabee kaav paranparaa de udaikaal vich hee damodar, haafizabarakhuradaar ate guroo naanak dev aad dee kavitaa vich kavitaa dee prakiratee, prakaaraj te prayojan aad baare ajeheean sidhaantak ttipaneean mil jaandeean han, jo uhanaan dee saahitashaasataree chetanaa daa tthos pramaan han| poorabee ate pachhamee saahitak paranparaavaan daa itihaas is gal daa nigar saboot hai ki saahit dee vilakhan prakiratee noo samajhan baare saahitasaasataree chintan daa aaranbh saahitasirajanaa de naal hee ho jaandaa hai | saahitasirajanaa samen nirasandeh, lekhak daa viakateegat anubhav mehatavapooran bhoomikaa nibhaaundaa hai, par usade saahamane koee naa koee saahitak paranparaa vee mauajood hundee hai; jisanoo uh aadarash jaan maaddal vajon apanaaundaa hai| sirajanaprakiriaa vich pain ton pahilaan hee koee naa koee maaddal

saahitakaar de chetaachet man vich mauajood hundaa hai, jisanoo saahitashaasatareean ne aalochanaatamak sansakaar kihaa hai|

har yug daa itihaasakasamaajak anubhavasaar us deean daarashanik paranparaavaan vaang us yug de saahitasaasataree ate suhajasaasataree maanadanddaan noo prabhaavit karadaa rihaa hai| manakhee anubhavasaar ate yugabodh vichale parivaratanaan anukool samen samen saahitasaasataree chintan vich vee moolak tabadeeleean vaaparadeean raheean han| manakhee sabhiataa de mudtale parraavaan upar jadon manakh dee chetanaa vikasit naheen see hoee ate usanoo aapanee udar pooratee lee prakiratee upar nirabhar karanaa paindaa see, manakh hatheen kujh vee naheen see sirajadaa| kudarat de keete vich usadee koee dakhalandaazee naheen see, auh siraf nishakriy upabhogee see. is lee itihaas vich usadaa koee yogadaan naheen see| prakiratee upar aasrit hon kaaran samaajak jeevan vich usadee saradaaree naheen see| is lee us samen deean daarasnik paranparaavaan vich samachee brahimanddee sirajanaa daa zinmevaar kise adas daivee sataa noo maniaa giaa| kise anadisadee daivee sataa duaaraa sansaar dee sirajanaa ate sanchaalan daa visvaas madhayag tak de darasn daa kendaree sootar rihaa, jisane us dauar de kalaachintan noo vee prabhaavit keetaa| nateeje vajon saahit noo manakhee sirajanaa manan dee thaan daiveesirajanaa maniaa jaan lagaa| kiaunk samaajak utapaadan dee prakiriaa vich manakh daa koee yogadaan see hee naheen, eis lee us yug de darashan ate kalaa vich kendaree mehatav manakh daa naheen, sagon rab jaan usade prateenidh devate daa see| iho kaaran hai ki manakhee sabhiaataavaan de mudtale parraavaan upar saahitakalaa daa kendaree paatar manakh naheen, devataa rihaa|

jiaunde rahin ate samaajak lorraan dee pooratee lee prakiratee naal sangharash dauaraan jiaunjiaun manakh prakiratee de rehasaan noo khojadaa giaa. usadee chetanaa vikasit hoee ate prakiratee upar usadaa adhikaar vadhadaa giaa. tiauntiaun uh prakiratee de vidhaan vich dakhalaandaaz hundaa giaa ate uh prakiratee de daas ton usadaa suaamee banadaa giaa| iaun samaajak utapaadan vich sidhee bhaageedaaree ne manakh de samaajak rutabe noo badal ditaa| jadon uh bhoganahaar ton sirajanahaar ban giaa taan samaaj vich usadaa mehatav vee vadh giaa ate isade nateeje vajon darasn vichon rab ate usadaa prateenidh devataa khraaj hunde ge ate uhanaan dee thaan manakh noo milan lagee| ttheek ese samen saahit ate kalaa de khetar vich manakh ate usade lokik sansaar noo pragattaavaa milan lagaa ate saahitachintan de khetar vich saahit ate kalaa de manakh sirajit hon dee dhaaranaa drirrh hoee| praacheen yoonaanee dukhaant ate vaidik saahit vich manakh ate

devate dee ttakar manakhee sabhiataa de itihaasak vikaas de ese parraa noo roopamaan karade han|

madhakaalee saamantee samaaj vich utapaadan somiaan upar ik vishes varag daa adhikaar hon kaaran samaajak jeevan vich vee is varag dee saradaaree see| madhakaalee saamantee jeevanajaach vich vises manakh aapanee asadhaaranataa karake hee pravaan see| samaajak utapaadan upar mutthee bhar lokaan dee izaaredaaree see ate aapane is adhikaar noo banaaee rakhan lee ih jrooree see ki ih varag saamantasaahee aapane aap noo vises, asadhaaran ate rab duaaraa varosaae jaan usade prateenidh de roop vich pesh karadaa ate aapanee keeteekataree upar rab de hukam dee mohar laaundaa| ih kam is varag dee asadhaaranataa noo prachaar ke hee keetaa jaa sakadaa see ate hoeaa vee ese tarhaan| so madhakaal de darasn ate kalaa vich vises manakh dee asadhaaranataa hee dhiaan daa kendar rahee ate nateeje vajon saahitachintan vich saahitakaar de asaadhaaran, pratibhaasheel jaan vises varosaae hoe manakh hon dee mith pravaan rahee|

takaneekee ate udayogik vikaas ne manakh noo ik naveen shakatee ditee ate prakiratee upar usadee nirabharataa noo ghattaa ke usanoo devate de mukaabale vadhere samarathaavaan sidh keetaa| vigiaanak khojaan ne sadhaaran manakh noo asadhaaran skatee daa suaamee banaa ditaa| prakiratee upar vadhade manakh de adhikaar ne usade samaajak rutabe vich vee vaadhaa keetaa| vigiaanak chetan de prasaar ne darasn vichon rab te devate noo khaaraj karake manakh noo kendar bindoo vich lai aandaa| pachham de punarajaagaran kaal renaissanache de maanavavaadee chintakaan ne manakh dee mahimaa daa ik navaan paasaar kholhiaa, paraalauakik sataa vich vishavaas dee thaan sadhaaran manakh ate usade lauakik sansaar noo saveekaariaa jaan lagaa| takaneekee ate udayogik vikaas ne jithe ik paase paidaavaaree ristiaan noo ik naveen disaa ditee, authe dooje paase isane punarajaagaran kaal deean maanavavaadee lahiraan duaaraa madhakaalee samaaj dee saamantee manobanatar ate sansakaaraan noo jhanjorraa ditaa| punarajaagaritee deean lahiraan ne aarathikasamaajak ate raajaneetak khetar vich ik varag dee saradaaree noo sidhee chunauatee ditee | sathaapat saamantashaahee ate usadee vichaaradhaaraa de hitaan de sanvaahak prohit varag de virodh vich uttheean ihanaan lahiraan ne dabeean kuchaleean jamaataan de sangharas noo bharavaan hungaaraa ditaa ate uhanaan dee mukatee lee samaajak baraabaree de sankalap noo drirraaeaa| samaaj de utapaadan somiaan upar ik varag de ekaadhikaar noo maanavavaadee dharaatal upar vangaar ke ihanaan lahiraan ne sabh manakhaan lee aarathik, samaajak ate raajaneetak baraabaree daa naaharaa ditaa jo

agon jaa ke lokataantrik vivasathaa dee sathaapatee daa aadhaar baniaa| vigiaanak chetanaa ate lokataantrik keemataan de prasaar ne vishes manakh dee asadhaaranataa dee mith daa khanddan karake sabh manakhaan dee baraabaree de visvaas noo drirr keetaa| ajoke vigiaanak ate lokataantrik yug vich manakh dee sadhaaranataa ate samataa samaanataa noo hee pravaan keetaa jaa rihaa hai| iho kaaran hai ki ajoke saahitachintan vich saahitakaar de asadhaaran manakh hon dee mith ttutt rahee hai| aj jithe saahitakaar de asadhaaran manakh hon dee thaan usade sadhaaran par sanvedanaseel manakh hon dee dhaaranaa vikasat ho rahee hai, authe saahitakaar de rachanaatamak ekaadhikaar dee mith daa khanddan vee ho rihaa hai| rolaan baarath, anbaratto eeko ate peeare masheree aad saahitachintakaan ne taan lekhak ate paatthak dee davait noo khatam karake paatthak de vee lekhak vaang rachanaatamak praanee hon daa sankalap ditaa hai| saahita yogataa noo bhaasaayogataa varagaa sahij manakhee kaaraj kahike rolaan baarath ne har manakh de saahitakaar hon dee sanbhaavanaa noo drirrh keetaa hai, jiven samaaj vich rahindaa har bandaa bhaashaa sikhan dee yogataa rakhadaa hai, ause tarhaan uh saahitasirajanaa dee yogataa vee rakhadaa hai, lorr keval abhiaas raaheen is gun noo vikasat karan dee hai| uparokat saaree charachaa is nukate noo sapashatt karan lee keetee gee hai ki har yug de saahit saasataree chintan daa usade itihaasak anubhavasaar, daarashanik paranparaavaan ate sabhiaachaarak mulavidhaan naal gahiraa sanbandh hundaa hai ate ihanaan vichale parivaratanaan naal saahitak maanadanddaan vich parivaratan ik laazamee itihaasak lorr vajon vaaparade han|

panjaabee kaavachintan paranparaa de vilakhan saar ate saroop noo samajhan lee panjaabee kavitaa de paatthamoolak adhian de naal naal panjaab de itihaas, eithon deean daarashanik paranparaavaan, sabhiaachaarak mulavidhaan, vibhin dhaaramik, samaajak te raajaneetak lahiraan ate panjaab de samoohik avachetan noo dhiaan vich rakhanaa pavegaa, kiaunk ih saare tath sidhe jaan asadhe roop vich panjaabee kavitaa noo prabhaavit karade rahe han| isaton binaan panjaab dee vishes bhoogolik sathitee ate panjaabeean dee jujhaaroo, audamee ate ghumakarr maanasikataa de panjaab de janajeevan upar pain vaale prabhaavaan noo dhiaan gochare rakhanaa pegaa| sarahadee soobaa hon kaaran hamalaavaraan vajon aaun vaaleean anekaan kauamaan naal panjaabeean daa vaah piaa ate uhanaan naal sabhiaachaarak ttakaraau ate sanvaad ne panjaab saahamane nit naveean chunauateean paidaa keeteean| vibhin sabhiaachaarak sarotaan de sansaleshan ne panjaab dee maanasikataa, darashan, dharam, jeevanamalaan ate kalaa te saahit noo vee prabhaavit keetaa| raashattaree ate antararaasttaree sathiteean samaajaka raajasee lahiraan ate vibhin saahitak paranparaavaan vee samen samen panjaabee kavitaa noo

prabhaavit karadeean raheean han | so panjaabee kaavachintan paranparaa noo kise ajehe nirol saahitak varataare vajon naheen samajhiaa jaa sakadaa, jisadaa panjaab de itihaasak anubhav saar naal koee sanbandh hee naa hove|

2

madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa de kaavashaasatar dee talaas ate usadee vilakhanataa noo nischit karan lee poorabee ate pachhamee kaavasaasatar saadde lee sahaaeik taan hai sakade han, par uhanaan ton praapat antaradrishatteean noo madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa upar jiaun daa tiaun aaropit karanaa tarakasangat naheen hovegaa| eisadaa kaaran ih hai ki madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa deean pramakh kaavadhaaraavaan vichaaradhaarak tauar ute naa keval do vibhin sabhiaachaarak sarotaan ate simarateean naal jurreean hoeean han, sagon ih bhaaratee prasang vicha do asalon virodhee sabhiaachaaraan bhaaratee te saamee sabhiaachaar de aapasee tanaau ate sumel ton paidaa hoee chetanaa noo aapanaa vichaaradhaarak preranaa sarot banaaundeean han| is lee madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa de kaavashaasatar dee gal karadiaan jithe guramat, soofee, kisaa ate vaar aad kaavadhaaraavaan de aapane vilakhan vasatoosaar ate sanrachanaatamak muhaandare noo dhiaan kendarat karanaa zarooree hai, authe us itihaasakasamaajak anubhav saar de subhaa noo samajhanaa vee zarooree hai jisadee ih kaavadhaaraavaan upaj han|

ddaa. atar singh anusaar madhakaalee bhaaratee samaaj de itihaasakasamaajak anubhavasaar noo samajhan lee saanoo kujh galaan ton suchet rahin dee zaroorat hai| pahilee hai madhakaalee pad noo yoorapeen itihaas de sandarabh dee thaan bhaaratee itihaas de prasang vich samajhanaa, doojee hai dharam baare pachhamee drishatteekon noo naa apanaaunaa ate teejee hai bhaarat vich isalaam de aagaman naal suroo hoe sabhiaachaarak roopaantaran de amal ate usade saadde dharam, darashan, saahit te kalaa de khetar vich pain vaale dooraras prabhaavaan baare suchet honaa| yoorapeen itihaas vich madhakaal daa samaan roman raaj de patan panjaveen sadee ton lai ke punarajaagaran kaal 15veen sadee tak hai| jisanoo itihaasakaar andhakaar yug darakagesa daa naam dinde han| ih samaan yoorapeen manakh de aatamik ate bauadhik nighaar daa samaan hai ate pachham dee sabhiaachaarak kharrot ate pachharreven daa soochak hai| bhaaratee itihaas vich madhakaal daa samaan harashavaradhan kaal atthaveen sadee ton lai ke unheeveen sadee tak daa hai, jo bhaaratee manakh dee aatamik ate bauadhik saragaramee dee sikhar daa samaan hai| par yoorapeen itihaasakaar aapanee saamaraajee

saazashee neetee kaaran bhaaratee itihaas de is parraa noo maanasik, bauadhik ate sabhiaachaarak vikaas dee drishattee ton grahine hoe kaalakhandd vajon pes karade han| uhanaan daa manorath bhaarat dee bauadhik ate aatamik ameeree noo ghattaa ke pes karanaa hai ate bhaaratee lokaan dee aapane ateet ate kauamee gauarav dee chetanaa dee sanghee ghuttanaa hai|

madhakaalee bhaaratee samaaj de itihaasak anubhavasaar noo samajhan lee saanoo dharam de rol baare vee sapashatt honaa pegaa ate dharam baare pachhamee sankalap noo manan ton inakaar karanaa pegaa, jo dharam noo keval pavatar sachareda jaan paraalokikataa de arathaan vich saveekaar karadaa hai| madhakaalee bhaarat vich kise vee ajehee dhaaramik sansathaa daa uthaan naheen hoeaa jo manakh de duniaavee sarokaaraan ton sutantar jaan udaaseen rahee hove| bhaaratee saansakritak sadanrabh vich dharam manakh de asatatavee, manovigiaanak ate samaajak sarokaaraan ton kade vee abhaj naheen rihaa, sagon usane sathir maanataavaan, pratigaamee vichaaradhaaraa ate roorreevaadee paranparaavaad noo chunauatee ditee| ithe dharam manakh dee itihaasak vikaas dee prakiriaa vich saragaram bhaageedaaree daa sarot rihaa ate manakhee samaaj de rachanaatamak vikaas daa mehatavapooran prerak baniaa| dharam ne hameshaan manakh de duniaavee kaarajaan noo paaragaamee aadarasaan ate daivee sach noo manakhee khaaehasaan de anusaaree banaaun vich niranaaeik rol nibhaaeaa hai| aj jekar madhakaalee bhaarat vich sadhaaran bande noo usade manakhee gauarav dee chetanaa ate manakhee baraabaree daa ahisaas duaaun vich bhaarat de bhagatee mataan de yogadaan noo sahee roop vich pachhaaniaa naheen giaa taan isadaa kaaran dharam baare saaddaa uh maangavaan raveea hai jo dharam baare pachhamee sankalap dee nakal maatar hai| madhakaalee bhaarat vich manakh dee ik vadhere niaan poorabak te samaanataavaadee samaajak vivasathaa dee usaaree dee laalasaa de manakhavaadee yatanaan noo tthos roop vich pragattaavaa is dauar de naven ubhare bhagatee mataan sakhasoofeesant mata duaaraa hee miliaa| so chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare de baavajood madhakaalee bhagatee mataan ne ik mehatavapooran inakalaabee bhoomikaa nibhaaee| madhakaalee bhaaratee samaaj de uthaan vich vibhin bhagatee mataan de inakalaabee yogadaan noo pachhaan ke hee uhanaan ton prabhaavit saahit daa sahee mulaankan keetaa jaa sakadaa hai|

madhakaalee bhaaratee sansakritee dee vilakhanataa noo samajhan lee bhaarat vich isalaam de aagaman ate dharam te sabhiaachaar de khetar vich usade usaaroo yogadaan noo samajhanaa vee zarooree hai| sanparadaaeik sankeeranataa kaaran kujh vidavaan bhaarat vich isalaam de usaaroo yogadaan noo najraandaaj karake, eisalaam de rol noo keval hinsaa tak seemat

karake dekhade han| aapane pooravaagreh kaaran uh bhaaratee itihaas de puraatan kaal noo savaran yug vajon dekhade han ate madhakaal noo isalaam de aagaman karake andhakaar yug dee shurooaat vajon pravaan karade han| ih samajhanaa bahut zarooree hai ki bhaarat vich isalaam de aagaman naal saadde dharam ate sabhiaachaar de khetar vich kiharreean naveean chunauateean paidaa hoeean ate bhaaratee janamaanas ne ihanaan vangaaraan noo kiven sijhiaa ate isade kee dooraras sitte nikale ddaa. atar singh de shabadaan vich

as a mattatter odd ddachatt ttehe chominag odd eeslam anad ittas sochiochulattural impachatt are ttehe ttaao major ddachattoras in deddininag ttehe chulattural ttranasaddormattion tthatt ttook plache in medieval eenadia. tthehe upasurage in ttehe chareattive achattivitte in diverase ddieladas inachaludinag religious, pahilosopahichal, litterare anad arattisattich ittaseladd denottes an unaparechedenatted enpanasion odd human sapiritt anad reasaserattion odd ttehe adetuache odd man, his chomapettenache, resouracheddulanesas anad suddaddichienache in alal sapaheres inachaludinag ttehe religion. tthehe adavenatt odd bhhakatt, shudd, shanatt anad shikah movemenattas anad ttehe, emeragenache odd nattional litterattures odd eenadian lanaguages as ttaheir esasenattial chooradianattes ttesattidde tuitte elotuenattale tto ttehe sapirittual anad inattelalechattual eddaddaloresachenache odd ttehe medieval eenadia. tthehe inatterapenettrattion odd eenadian anad eeslamich chulattural sattareamas burasatt ddorattah inatto alattogettaher neaa inanovattionas anad ddaresah ddoramas. eenadian arachahittechatture, painattinag, musich, danachinag ettach, unaderaaenatt as muchah chareattive ttranasaddormattion as eenadian poettare, pahilosopahe anad religion.

jhournal odd nedieval eenadian litteratture,

narachahashepatt.1978 fagesa12627

madhakaalee bhaaratee samaaj dee saamantak banatar noo pahilee vangaar bhagatee lahir ate soofee santaan valon painee shuroo hoee| bhagat kaveean, sikh guroo saahibaan ate soofee santaan ne maanavavaadee aadhaar ute saamantee banatar ute usare uhanaan sabhiaachaarak mulaan noo chunauatee ditee, jo kuleen varag de hitaan de anusaaree san| bhagatee ate soofee lahiraan ne fiaooddal de khilaaf utth raheean dabeeankuchaleean jamaataan kamee, kisaan, kaareegar te dasatakaar aada de hitaan anukool naveean jeevanakeemataan dee sirajanaa keetee| fiaooddal de virodh vich sarabahitaishee rab, prohit de mukaabale paraupakaaree guroo, dhaaramik karamakaandd dee kattarrataa naal paalanaa de virodh vich change amalaan upar bal

ate vishes varag lee mukatee de virodh vich sabh lee mukatee de sankalap pes karake ihanaan lahiraan ne kuleen ate prohit varag dee saradaaree noo chunauatee ditee| aapanee dhaaramik dikh te chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare de baavajood ih lahiraan us vises itihaasak sandarabh vich inakalaabee lahiraan san, jihanaan ne aam lokaan de manaan uton kuleen ate prohit varag de hitaan daa pakh pooran vaalee vichaaradhaaraa dee chhutt laahee| saadde adhiain lee dilachasap nukataa ih hai ki jis tarhaan panjaabee soofee mat ate bhagatee sikh lahir ne madhakaalee samaaj dee saamantak banatar ate us upar usare sanaatanee sabhiaachaarakamalaan de virudh maanavavaadee drishattee ton vidaroh keetaa, ause tarhaan ihanaan lahiraan ton prabhaavit madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa ne sansakrit ate faarasee dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa daa rachanaatamak nakaaran keetaa| jiven panjaabee soofee santaan, bhagat kaveean ate guroo saahibaan ne firakoo kattarrataa, braahamanee karamakaandd ate roorreevaadee saamantak sabhiaachaarakamalaan ton vidaroh karade hoe bhagatee, eishak ate beerataa aad naitik mulaan dee inasaaneeat de paintarre ton naveen viaakhiaa pes keetee, ause tarhaan gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa vich sansakrit ate faarasee dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa ate sanaatanee kaavashaasatar de roopavaadee rujhaan daa suchet nakaaran vee hoeaa hai| kuleen varag dee bhaasaa sansakrit, faarasee dee thaan aam bolachaal dee bolee noo apanaaunaa, ojamee darabaareeshailee dee thaan lokakaavaroopaan, lokadhunaan ate lokaprachalit chhandaan dee varaton ate panjaab dee mittee te gharegee jeevan naal jurre binbaanchinhaan te upamaavaan aad noo aapanee rachanaatamak saadhanaa dee ttek banaaunaa uh tath han, jo guroo saahibaan ate soofee kaveean dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa ate sanaatanee kaavachintan ton uparaamataa ate vidaroh de soochak han | is prasang vich ddaa. atar singh daa ih vichaar bahut mehatavapooran hai ki

een so ddar as shikahisam anad funjab shuddisam aaere movemenattas odd parottesatt againasatt denominattionalisam, pariesattale rittualisam or dogmattisam, funjab poettich ttradittion alaso ddalourisahed as a movemenatt odd chulattural reneaal odd ttehe medieval funjab in opaposittion tto ttehe ttradittion odd chlasasichal litteratture aahettaher shanasakaritt or ferasian anad ttehe ddormalisam tto aahichah ttahose movemenattas had been reduched. adopattion odd ttehe sapoken lanaguage ittaseladd aas in ttehe natture odd a radichal deparatture ddarom ttehe shanasakaritt ttradittion. eemaporatt odd ddolakamottiddas anad ddolakaddoramas in ttehe poettich sattaruchattures evolaved in ttehe oral poettare ddurattaher ttesattidde

tto ttehe sapiritt odd revolatt againasatt ttehe rigid chonavenattionalisam odd ttehe olader ttradittion.

shechularizattion odd noderan funjab foettare. fage.44

chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa daa vaamanddal dhaaramik hai| manakhee jeevan de lauakik sarokaaraan noo vee dhaaramik muhaavare vich hee pragattaavaa miliaa hai| je vaaris varage prabadh kisaakaaraan ne ishak de lokik sandarabh noo vee adhiaatamak arath den de yatan keete han taan ajehaa us yug dee chetanaa vich bhaaroo dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran hee hoeaa hai| chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran hee aanand kumaar suaamee varage kalaachintak madhakaalee bhaaratee kalaa noo dharamamoolak subhaa vaalee manade hoe is daa suchet udes dibatat dee peskaaree noo manan dee galatee karade han| madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa us yug dee chintanavidhee vaang dhaaramik muladristtee naal sanbandhit hon de baavajood aapane samen de daarasnik, naitik, samaajak ate raajasee sarokaaraan naal jurree hoee hai| sikh guroo saahibaan ate panjaabee soofee kaveean ne dhaaramik, naitik ate suhajaatamak mulaan dee saadhanaa samaan roop vich keetee hai| gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa dee sirajanaa vich dharamasaadhanaa ate suhajasaadhanaa daa iko jinaa dakhal hai| is lee gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa de kaavashaasatar dee nisaanadehee karan samen saanoo dharamasaadhanaa ate suhajasaadhanaa noo ik dooje de poorak man ke chalanaa pavegaa, naa ki virodhee| gurabaanee de chihanaprabandh vich taan dharam, darashan ate kaav daa nikherraa karanaa hai hee bahut muskal | ise lee vibhin vidavaanaan valon gurabaanee noo darashanakaav jaan dharamakaav aad sangiaavaan de ke isanoo shudh kaavapravachan dee dristtee ton naa vaachan dee hadaaeit keetee gee hai| saadde adhiain lee mehatavapooran nukataa ih hai ki aapane yug de pramakh daarasnik, naitik, samaajak, raajasee ate dhaaramik sarokaaraan naal anakharr roop vich jurree hon kaaran madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa sansakritafaarasee dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa vaang koree shilapaghaarrat deea bhulabhaleea vich naheen guaachadee, sagon ih kaava sirajanaa noo ik naveen sabhiaachaarak muladrishattee dee sirajanaa de saadhan vajon varatadee hai| ihee kaaran hai ki ddaa. atar singh, pro. kishan singh, aim.pee. bhaaradavaaj ate sisur kumaar daas varage chintakaan noo madhakaalee bhaaratee saahit sanaatanee roopavaad dee katthorataa noo ghattaaun ate kalaa noo maanavee ate samaajee saarathakataa deean lorraan adheen karan lee yatanasheel nazar aaundaa hai|

gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa vich suhajasirajan noo ik sutantar

nirapekh sach man ke usanoo naitikasamaajak zinmevaaree ton mukat karan dee bhaavanaa shaaeid hee kidhare viakat hoee hove| madhakaalee panjaabee rehasavaadee kavitaa vich suhajaatamak mul noo naitik mul dee adheenagee vich hee aapanaa sach uchaaran dee pravaanagee milee hai| pramaan vajon naanakabaanee vichon ih sbad prasatut keetaa jaa sakadaa hai

jaisee mai aavai khasam kee baanee taisarraa karee giaan ve laalo |

paap kee jany lai kaabalahu dhaaeaa joree mangai daan ve laalo|

saram dharam due chhap khaloe koorr firai paradhaan ve laalo |

kaajeea baamanaa kee gal thakee agad parrai shaitaan ve laalo||

musalamaaneea parreh katebaa kasatt meh kareh khudaae ve laalo |

jaat sanaatee hor hidavaaneea ehi bhee lekhai laae ve laalo|

khoon ke sohile gaaveeeh naanak rat kaa kung paae ve laalo | 1|

saahib ke gun naanak gaavai maasapuree vich aakh masolaa |

jin upaaee rang ravaaee baitthaa vekhai vakh ikelaa|

sachaa so saahib sach tapaavas sacharraa niaau kareg masolaa |

kaaeaa kaparr ttuk ttuk hosee hidusataan samaalasee bolaa|

aavan atthatarai jaan sataanavai hor bhee utthasee marad kaa chelaa|

sach kee baanee naanak aakhai sach sunaaeisee sach kee belaa| 2|

eis shabad vich guroo naanak ne paramaatamaa pratee aapanee nistthaa noo suhaja chitar raaheen pragattaa ke aapanee kaavikabiratee daa pramaan vee ditaa hai ate aapanee itihaasak sojhee daa pramaan vee | baabar baanee daa ih sbad kavitaa vee hai ate kavitaa de samaajak rol baare guroo naanak dev dee chetanaa daa pramaan vee| guroo saahib ne jithe aapanee rachanaa noo khasam kee baanee kahike isadee adhiaatamak prakiratee val sanket keetaa hai, authe isanoo sach kee baanee kahike bhogebhugate manakhee anubhav itihaasak anubhava naal sanbandhat vee keetaa hai| is rachanaa daa mool sirajanasarot itihaasak sathitee daa sankatt hai| guroo naanak ne aapane yug de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran aap bhaaven is rachanaa noo khasam kee baanee kihaa hai, par isade paatth ton ih tath sapashatt ho jaandaa hai ki ih rachanaa itihaasak samensathaan ch vaapare manakhee anubhav naal sanbandhit hai| ih rachanaa baabar de hindosataan upar hoe hamale samen saidapur de ujaarre te usade jabar ton paidaa hoe kuharaam daa shabadachitar hai| saaddee jaache is rachanaa daa mehatav siraf is lee naheen ki ih khasam jaan dhur kee baanee hai, sagon is lee vee hai ki ih

deshakaal vich vaapare manakhee sach noo uchaaran dee daleree karadee hoee naitik zinmevaaree nibhaaundee hai| is rachanaa baare ddaa. haribhajan singh dee ih ttipanee dhiaanayog hai| ki, baanee khasam paason aaee hai, par ih hai manakh ate usade sansaar naal sanbandhit| deshakaal rahit pavatar paarabraham de mukaabale is baanee ne deskaal vich bajhe manakh val vadhere dhiaan ditaa hai| adhian de adhiaapan, panaa 20 eih gun keval is rachanaa daa hee naheen, sagon samachee gurabaanee, soofee kavitaa ate bhagata baanee vichon ise sach deean goonjaan sunaaee dindeean han| ise karake pro. kishan singh saaree baanee noo einakalaab ate inasaaneeat de nukate ton samaaj daa chitar kahindaa hai|

adhiaatamavaadee vishavadristtee ate chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran gurabaanee vich kaav daa sirajan sarot bhaaven zaaharaa tauar te aroop braham noo hee maniaa giaa hai. par manakhee anubhav de rachanaatamak mehatav noo kidhare vee najraandaaj naheen keetaa giaa| bhaaven chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran guroo saahibaan ne kaav noo daivee aaves ate kavee noo dibataa de sanchaarak vajon pravaan karade hoe kaavasirajan prakiriaa dee viaakhiaa daiveeilahaam vajon keetee hai, par uhanaan ne kaavasijaranaa daa mukh manorath manakhee jeevan de sach dee saadhanaa noo hee saveekaar keetaa hai| guroo saahibaan daa aapanee rachanaa noo sach kee baanee jaan khasam kee baanee kahin daa manorath keval kavitaa de daivee charitar val ishaaraa naheen ate naa hee ajehaa aapane aap noo rab daa kaasad sidh karan dee haumai karake hoeaa hai, sagon isade pichhe guroo saahibaan daa gujhaa samaajak manorath hai| bhogavilaasee te atiaachaaree saamantashaahee de virodh vich sache paatashaah daa sankalap ate saamant te aniaankaaree shaahee furamaan de virodh vich khasam kee baanee daa sidhaant asal vich us kuleen varag de maanasakhaane kiradaar daa virodh hai| kuleen varag aapane hitaan khaatar aam janataa naal anamanakhee vivahaar karadaa see, par aapanee keeteekataree upar mohar dharam dee lagavaaundaa see ate prohit varag aapane suaarath khaatar kuleen varag de kukaramaan noo rabee hukamaan vajon pesh karadaa see| guroo saahibaan ne kuleen ate prohit varag de kukaramaan daa paaj ughaarran lee uhanaan de amalaan ate furamaan noo koorr sidh keetaa ate ihanaan de virodh vich aapanee rachanaa noo sach kee baanee kihaa|

gurabaanee vich kaavasirajanaa noo anaatam de prakaash, aatamakhoj ate roga vinaash de saadhan vajon pravaan keetaa giaa hai| kujh aalochakaan valon gurabaanee de inakalaabee vasatoosaar noo samajhe binaan baanee de kaavachintan noo sanaatanee kaava saasatar daa anusaaree sidh karan de yatan hoe han| is bhulekhe daa aadhaar gurabaanee vichon leean ajiheean vikolitareean ttookaan han, jiven

taa mai kahiaa kehan jaa tujhai kahaaeaa|

amrit har kaa naam mere man bhaaeaa|

mai aapoo bol na jaanadaa||

sabh kahiaa tudh hukamaae jeeo|

satigur kee baanee sat sat kar jaanahu gurasikhahu|

har karataa aap muhahu kadtaae|

jiharre aalochak gurabaanee noo manakhee sirajanaa manan dee bajaae dhur kee baanee, kavee noo paramaatamaa de paiganbar ate kaavasirajan dee prakiriaa noo daivee aavesh jaan ilahaam vajon paribhaast karade han, auhanaan dee daleel daa aadhaar uparokat sataraan daa saralaarathee saar hai| gurabaanee de kraanteekaaree saar noo samajhe bagair ih chintak gurabaanee de kaavashaasatar noo us sanaatanee kaavasaasatar daa anusaaree sidh kar dinde han, jisaton uh suchet vidaroh karadee hai| jadon kise kaavadhaaraa de kaavashaasatar dee gal usanoo usade mool itihaasakasamaajak sandarabh ton tarundd ke keetee jaavegee taan ajihe gairavigiaanak sitte nikalane kudaratee han|

pro. kishan singh gurabaanee de inakalaabee saar noo sapastt karadaa hoeaa kahindaa hai ki jiharre aalochak ate gurabaanee de vidiaarathee madhakaalee itihaasak sandarabh noo nazaraandaaj karake gurabaanee dee viaakhiaa nirol misattisijm dee dristtee ton karade han, auh gurabaanee de samaajak vasatoosaar noo hee anaddatth karade han| pro. kishan singh de sbadaan vich madhakaalee chetanaa ate saahit de dhaaramik muhaavare noo usade samaajak rol dee dristtee ton hee dekhiaa jaanaa chaaheedaa hai| us anusaar

madhakaal vich samaajak chetanaa daa roop hee choonk mazhabee see, samaajak manakhee amal daa muhaavaraa vee mazhabee see, niaan aad dee kurasee ute vee kaazee aad majhabee numaaeinde hee baitthade san | majhabee sidhaant dogmana hee siaasee akhaan aniomasa san| jamaatee jadojahid vee mazhabee muhaavare raaheen hee hundee see ate ih majhab dee aapas vich virodhee viaakhiaa dee shakal vee akhatiaar karadee see|... gurabaanee vich maaeaa ate naam doven taraje jindageean te unhaan daa aapas vich virodh majhabee muhaavare raaheen hee pes hai|.. misattisijm samaajak hee naheen, jamaatee vee hai| jis tarhaan samaajak manakhee zindagee de do paintarre han, eik bande dee aazaadee daa, ate doosaraa usadee gulaamee daa| is tarhaan hee misattisizam vee aapane samaajak rol valon aapas vich virodhee do kisam de

han| ik uh misattikas hoe han jo tuiettisattas han| ih samaajak manakhee masale valon akhaan meettade, ausanoo pichhaa dinde, saaddee bolee vich us valon bhagarre ho ke, andaron andaree misattik anubhav vich gutt usanoo maanade han| so unhaan daa rol hai sathaapatee de hak vich doosaree kisam daa misattisizam hai jis tarhaan gurabaanee daa hai jo aapane asaliaun hee pesh samaajak manakhee masale noo mukhaatab hundaa hai jisadaa mool hee hai bande dee nijaat te usade samaaj dee kaliaan vaasate joojhanaa | so masalaa ih naheen ki gurabaanee daa mool misattisijm hai jaan samaajak| masalaa ih hai ki usadaa misattisijm hai kiharree kisam daa, praaeevett jaaeidaad dee sansathaa aad noo khatam karavaaundaa hai jaan us valon akhaan meettavaaundaa hai|

khoj darapan, julaaee 1995, pane 810

chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran naa keval gurabaanee, sagon samachee madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa vich kaavasirajanaa lee khasam kee baanee, dhur kee baanee faizaan ilaahee ate sukhan ilaahee aad sangiaavaan dee varaton hoee hai| khasam kee baanee daa sanketak arath kaavasirajanaa noo ilahaam de roop vich manakh de aatamik anubhav de prakaash vajon pravaan karanaa hai| ihanaan arathaan vich kaav, paranparaa ton praapat shaasatar naheen, sagon dhuron praapat aavesh hai| aaves daa sanbandh kaveemaanas dee antara preranaa naal hai, paranparaa duaaraa sathaapat pratimaanaan dee nakal naal naheen| iaun baaneekaaraan ne kaavasirajanaa noo panraparaa duaaraa sathaapat kaavareeteean de andhaa dhund duharaau de arathaan vich grahin karan dee sanaatanee dhaaranaa daa virodh keetaa| sach kee baanee ton bhaav kaavasirajanaa noo bhogebhagate manakhee anubhav de roop vich pravaan karanaa hai santan kee sun saachee saakheeso boleh jo pekheh aakhee| bhoge bhugate jaan dekhe sune sach noo uchaaran de arathaan vich kaavasirajanaa manakh de aatamaprakaash ate aatamauthaan daa saadhan hai, naa ki keval koree shilap ghaarrat| gurabaanee vich taan kaavasirajanaa noo manakh dee aapane ton vaddere manakhee samooh noo kahina sunan dee aakaankhiaa daa hee sittaa maniaa giaa| bhoge bhugate manakhee anubhav ate dekhesune sach noo uchaaran dee abhilaasaa vas hee baaneekaaraan ate soofee kaveean ne kitaabeegiaan de mukaabale manakhee anubhav dee mahimaa noo pravaan keetaa hai| ddaa. atar singh anusaar madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa je pusatakeekalachar ate sanaatanee saasataravaad daa nikhedh kar sakee hai taan isadaa kaaran madhakaalee panjaabee kaveean dee akheen dekhe sach noo uchaaran jaan anubhav upar zor den dee ruchee hai| je gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa vich

niraakaar braham shaasataree bahis daa visaa banan dee bajaae pateepatanee ate premee premikaa de gharogee dristtaant raaheen roopamaan ho ke nigar manakhee anubhav daa sahij ang ban sakiaa hai taa isadaa kaaran vee uparokat ruchee hee hai| sanaatanee sabhiaachaarak mulaan vaang gurabaanee vich sanaatanee giaanavidhee dee aalochanaa vee hoee hai| ih vidhee saasataarath sanvaada dee hai, ved, puraan, simarateean isade chihanak han| isadaa udesh manakh noo aatamasojhee de ke, ausade manakhee aape ton chetan karake usanoo maaeaavee bandhanaan ton mukat karanaa see | par guroo saahib de samen vich ih giaanavidhee paakhandd banake reh gee see| manakh noo jeevan de sach dee sojhee den dee bajaae ih sach ton door lijaandee see, kiaunk isade pairokaarakaazee, panddit, jogee aad sathaapatee de, vakat de haakamaan de hitaan de bulaare ban chuke san| pujaaree varag shaasataraan dee viaakhiaa haakamavarag de hitaan anusaar kar rahe san| iaun saasatar ate pujaaree varag aapanee naitikasamaajak zinmevaaree ton thirrak chuke san| guroo naanak baanee vich kitaabee giaan de pichhalag pujaaree varag noo andhe akalee baahare jaan asal khar keh ke chhuttiaaeaa giaa hai ate kitaabeegiaan de pichhalag vedapaatthee dee kaar noo paakhandd keh ke bhanddiaa giaa hai, jo ved de maram noo jaane binaan totaarattanee paatth vich khachit ho ke khud vee khuaar hundaa hai

andhe akalee baahare, kiaa tin siau kaheeai|

bin gur panth na soojhee kit bidh nirabaheeai|

khotte kau kharaa kahai khare saar na jaanai|

andhe kaa naau paarakhoo kalee kaal vaddaanai|

deevaa balai andheraa jaae| bed paatth mat paapaa khaae|

augavai soor na jaapai chand | jeh giaan pragaas agiaan mittant|

bed paatth sansaar kee kaar| parr parr panddit kareh beechaar|

bin boojhai sabh hoe khuaar | naanak guramukh utaras paar||

kabeer baanee vich sanaatanee giaanavidhee pusatakee kalachara ate shaasataravaadee kaavadristtee pratee vidaroh dee sur kujh vadhere ubharaveen hai| uh kaagat kee lekhee ate aakhan dekhee de virodh raaheen kitaabeegiaan shaasatara ate manakhee anubhav de virodh noo ujaagar karadaa hai ate ihanaan vich mel dee kise vee sanbhaavanaa noo asalon rad karadaa hoeaa shaasatar ton praapat giaan naalon manakhee anubhav ton praapat giaan noo vaddiaaundaa hai | kabeer sanaatanee giaanavidhee de sanchaalak pujaaree varag noo sidhaa suaal karadaa hai ki

meraa teraa manooaa kaise ik hoee re|

mai kahitaa hoon aakhan dekhee | too kaagat kee lekhee re|

mai kahitaa surajhaavanahaaree | too raakhio urajhaaee re|

mai kahitaa hoon jaagat raheeo| too kahitaa hai soee re|

toon braahaman, mai kaaseek julaahaa

muhi tohi baraabaree kaise kai banahi|

hamare raam naam keh ubare

bed bharose paandde ddoob marahi|

kabeer pujaaree varag naal sidhaa ttakaraaundaa hai, kiaunk ih dabe kuchale lokaan de hitaan daa raakhaa naheen see| uh vadde bhoomeepateean ate raajashaahee dee dhir see| uh raajasaahee te nirabhar karadaa see| usadaa ditaa khaandaa see, ausadee bolee boladaa see ate use daa hit pooradaa see| raajashaahee dee keeteekataree upar uh dharam dee mohar laaundaa see| dharam daa raah chhaddake uh adharam de raah piaa hoeaa see| dhaaramik chinh janeaoo, tasabee, ttikaa, rozaa, namaaz, kalamaa, musalaa aada usane keval dikhaave kaaran dhaaran keete hoe san| usadee dharamasaadhanaa dikhaave daa karamakaandd see| uh shaasataraan daa saar naheen see jaanadaa ate saasataraan dee viaakhiaa kuleen varag de hitaan anusaar karadaa see, so usadee dharamasaadhanaa te falasafaa manakh dee mukatee daa saadhan naheen san banade| ise lee kabeer braahaman te kaazee noo sidhaa suaal karadaa hai ki tuhaaddesaadde hit ik kiven ho sakade han

ham ghar soot taneh nit taanaa

kantth janeaoo tumaare|

tum tau bed parrahu gaaeitree

gobind ride hamaare|...

ham goroo tum guaar gusaaeen

janam janam rakhavaare|

kabahoon na paar utaar charaaeihu

kaise khasam hamaare

toon baamhan mai kaaseek julaahaa

boojhah mor giaanaa

tumh tau jaache bhoopat raaje

har sau mor dhiaanaa| raag aasaa

ham masakeen khudaaee bande

tum raajas man bhaavai

alah aval deen ko saahib

joroo naheen furamaavai|

kaajee boliaa ban nahee aavai|

rojaa dharai nivaaj gujaarai

kalamaa bhisat na hoee

satar kaabaa ghatt hee bheetar

je kar jaane koee

nivaaj soee jo niaau bichaarai

kalamaa akaleh jaanai|

paachahu mus musalaa bichhaavai

tab tau deen pachhaanai|

kabeer dee nazar vich dalit varag ate pujaaree varag de hit do asalon virodhee jamaatee paintarriaan te kharrhe han| ihanaan vich mel dee koee sanbhaavanaa hee naheen, kiaunk pujaaree varag dabekuchale lokaan dee dhir naheen banadaa, auhanaan upar deaa naheen karadaa, auhanaan naal niaan naheen karadaa| is lee kabeer pujaaree varag duaaraa sanchaalit dhaaramik upaasanaavidheean ate sanaatanee giaanavidheean shaasatraaratha dohaan noo kararre hatheen laindaa hai ate ihanaan de virodh vich bhaavanaa moolak bhagatee emottional devottiona aupar zor dindaa hai|

kabeer de virodh dee doojee dhir samaaj de sukhasaadhanaan ate utapaadan somiaan upar kaabaz kuleen varag hai, jo hankaariaa hoeaa hai ate bhogavilaas vich khachit hai| dharam de raah ton munakar ih varag sansaarak padaarathaan, dolat ate sataa haasal karan de chakar vich hai| sansaarak daualat ate taakat de nashe ch choor ih varag niaankaaree naheen, gareebaan naal deaa naheen karadaa| ihanaan daa dharam ate raaj amalee padhar te ihanaan dee aapanee hee mariaadaa de aadarashaan de khilaaf hai| sansaarak padaarathaan, daualat ate raajabhaag noo chaar dinaan de praahune sidh karake kabeer kuleen varag de falasafe te sidhee satt maaradaa hai

choaa chandan maradan angaa

so tan jalai kaatth kai sangaa|

eis tan dhan kee kavan baddaaee

dharan parai uravaar na jaaee raag gaaurree

raaj bhog ar chhatr singhaasan

bahu sundar ramanaa

paan kapoor subaasak

chandan ant tau maranaa

bed puraan sinmrit sabh khoje

kahoo naa aoobaranaa

kahu kabeer iau raameh

jpau mett janam maranaa| raag aasaa

kabeer pujaaree ate kuleen varag de jamaatee paintarre noo rad karan lee sanaatanee upaasanaavidheean, sanaatanee giaanaparanparaa ved, puraan, simarateean ate sansaarak padaarathaan noo rad karadaa hai ate uhanaan de badal vajon bhaavanaamoolak bhagatee naama saadhanaa, sabh naal prem, kirat ate sabarasantokh dee jeevanajaach daa sandesh dindaa hai| sansaarak padaarathaan, daualat ate raajabhaag de virodh vich naam noo sadeevee kahin ate karamakaanddee hatthasaadhanaa de virodh vich sabh pratee piaar daa sandesh den pichhe guroo saahibaan, soofeean ate kabeer jihe bhagat kaveean daa ik suchet manorath hai| ih manorath fiaooddal ate pujaaree varag duaaraa sanchaalat sabhiaachaar de badal ate virodh vajon samaanaantar sabhiaachaar chounatterachulatture dee sirajanaa karan daa see| madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa ajehe manakh dee sirajanaa karadee hai jo dhaaramik karamakaandd, reeteevaadee shaasataravaad ate sansaarak sukhasaadhanaa pratee udaaseenataa dee mudaraa apanaaundaa hai| sansaarak padaarathaan, dhanadolat ate taakat de virodh vajon roohaaneeat dee pairavee madhakaalee kaveean dee fiaooddal de khilaaf ros dee ik jugat hai| madhakaal vich dabe kuchale lokaan lee sidhee bagaavat mushakal see, auhanaan ne ros vajon udaaseenataa, antara mukhataa ate beniaazee daa rukh apanaaeaa| misattisijm antaramukhataa de roop vich samaajak vidaroh daa hee ik roop see jo fiaooddal dee lutt ate damanakaaree vivahaar de viradh lokaan de manaan vich paidaa hoeaa| madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa vich samaajak ros daa sur de vakhavakh jugataan de roop vich ujaagar hoeaa hai| freed ate shaah husain dee kavitaa vich ih antaramukhataa daa roop dhaaradaa hai ate kabeer te bulhe dee kavitaa vich sidhee chott direchatt sttattemenatta dee vidhee daa| samaajak yathaarath baare kabeer aapane badalavendarashan alatternattive visiona noo sidhee chott dee vidhee raaheen pragattaaundaa hai|

surajeet haans de shabadaan vich

oonatualiddied direchattanesas odd sttattemenatt is ttehe ddoremosatt aaeapon odd sochial parottesatt. eett sahochakas men inatto seeinag ttehe chonattradichattion in ttahinagas, aahichah ttehe had been inured tto ttake ddor granatted. dhirechatt sttattemenatt mesamerises ttehe chonademaned paratte aittahin ttehe sattarichatt limittas odd ittas achattual prachattiche. eett nechessarile gives ttehe udienache a neaa anagale odd vision on sochial realitte. een ddachatt, ttehe ttechahanitue odd violenattale direchatt sttattemenatt is a chonasetuenache odd an alatternattive vision odd realitte be khabir.

jhournal odd nedieval eenadian litteratture. narachahashepatt. 1978, fages 45

kabeer vaasatavikataa pratee aapanee drishattee noo kite viangabhaav naal julaahe daa giaan boojhah mor giaanaa kahindaa hai ate kite rab de bandiaan daa ham masakeen khudaaee bande jeevanadarasn| ddaa. haans anusaar kabeer de badalaven darasn dee sikhar ih hai ki uh jeevan de prachalit ate pravaanit arathaan noo hee ulattaa dindaa hai ate cheezaan noo ik naven jaavee ton dekhan dee dristtee dindaa hai| jisanoo uh julaahe daa giaan kahindaa hai uh pujaareean te bhoomeepateean noo samajh hee naheen see aa sakadaa| ise lee kabeer dee kavitaa dee khich dabeean kuchaleean jamaataan de us manakh noo hai jisane sansaarak padaarathaan te sataa de mohabandhan noo tiaag ditaa hai ate kise saarathik roohaaneeat dee talaash vich hai| kabeer daa naamamaarag nimaanenitaane lokaan lee prohitee sataa sacheradottal uttahoritte de mukaabale uhanaan dee ik sanamaan janak thaan nishachit karadaa hai|

gurabaanee, bhagatabaanee ate soofee kavitaa vich shaasatar ate prohit varag daa virodh lokahit dee dristtee ton kuleen varag de vichaaradhaarak aaddanbar daa virodh hai| sansaar de sukhasaadhanaan upar kaabaz kuleen varag aapanee lutt noo barakaraar rakhan lee sansaar dee mauajoodaa dasaa noo rab dee rajaa daa naam dindaa hai ate saasataraan noo gavaahee vajon varatadaa hai| inj saasatar ate uhanaan de viaakhiaakaar prohit varag, kaabaz jamaat dee ditee chetanaa de sanvaahak banake reh jaande han| gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa vich jiven inasaaneeat de paintarre ton khunjhe ate sathaapat saamantak banatar de anusaaree vagan kaaran prohit varag daa tikhaa virodh hoeaa hai, ause tarhaan naitik zinmevaaree ton mukat hon kaaran vedakatebee reet daa jaan taan kararraa virodh hoeaa hai jaan usadee

maanavavaadee drishattee ton naveen viaakhiaa hoee hai| gurabaanee vich jiven sanaatanee karamakaandd ate reeteebadh poojaarachanaa de mukaabale bhaavanaamoolak bhagatee ate naam japan noo manakhee saadhanaa de roop vich pravaan karake dharamasaadhanaa de khetar vich saasataree katthorataa noo ghattaaun daa yatan hoeaa hai, ause tarhaan kaavasirajanaa noo manakhee anubhav te antarapreranaa dee upaj pravaan karake hee reeteebadh duharaau dee shaasataree dhaaranaa daa nakaaran vee hoeaa hai|

madhakaalee panjaabee rehasavaadee kaveean dee sanaatanee kaavashaasatar ton vidaroh dee bhaavanaa daa pataa uhanaan dee kaavaprayojan dee dhaaranaa ton vee lagadaa hai| aapane yug de manakhee masaliaan noo sidhe mukhaatib hon kaaran guroo saahibaan, bhagataan santaan ate panjaabee soofee kaveean ne shudh kaavaaanand dee sanatanee dhaaranaa noo apravaan keetaa| uhanaan ne kaavaaanand noo naitik samaajak mul dee adheenagee vich saveekaar karake kaavasirajanaa noo ik maanavakaaree kaaraj sidh keetaa| jiharre saragunavaadee sant kavee raam ate krisn aad mithihaasak naaeikaan dee upaasanaa duaaraa uhanaan de mitha sansaar noo punarasiraj ke aanandasirajan de aahar vich san, auh madhakaalee panjaabee kaavadhaaraa vich makabool naheen ho sake| je uhanaan dee kaavarachanaa noo baanee daa darajaa naheen miliaa taan isadaa mukh kaaran uhanaan dee aanandavaadee suhajashaasataree dristtee pratee us samen de paatthakasamooh dee trisakaar dee bhaavanaa hai | baaneekaaraan ne giaan ate aanand jaan naitikataa ate suhaj noo kaav de anakharr tat vajon pravaan keetaa hai| baanee chintan anusaar kavee ne bhogebhugate sach daa sanchaar ate kaavapaatthee ne usadee sanbhaal samaalasee bolaa karanee hai| aapane samen de sach noo pachhaananaa ate usanoo bejhijak uchaaran dee daleree karanaa uh gun hai jisanoo ddaa. atar singh ne bhaaratee saahitakaar dee aapane lokaan pratee naitik pratibadhataa daa naam ditaa hai| gurabaanee vich kavee de samaajakadaaeitav dee dhaaranaa noo anekaan prasangaan vich pragattaavaa miliaa hai| kaaeaa kaparr ttuk ttuk hosee daa sanket us sanbhaavee jabar val hai jisadaa shikaar sach noo uchaaran vaale kavee noo honaa painaa hai| gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa daa sanbodhan rasik jaan sanaatanee kaav saasatar de suhirad paatthaka val noo naheen, sagon sadhaaran janasamooh val noo hai jisane kaav de maram noo samajh ke usanoo jeevanajaach de arathaan vich sanbhaalanaa vee hai| inj guroo saahibaan, bhagat ate soofee kaveean lee kaava sirajanaa mahiz shabadaghaarrat naheen, sagon shabad de maadhiam duaaraa surat mat man budh dee ghaarrat hai | gurabaanee vich shabad noo guroo ate braham daa darajaa ditaa giaa hai, kiaunk shabad vee guroo vaang giaan de sanchaar daa hee saadhan hai| ithe ih

samajh lainaa vee zarooree hai ki gurabaanee vich shabadasaadhanaa noo suratasaadhanaa surata ghaarrata de arathaan vich pravaan karan samen kavee ate kaavapaatthee dohaan noo dhiaan vich rakhiaa giaa hai| kaav jithe kavee lee aatamakhoj, aatamaprakaash ate aatama vikaas daa saadhan hai; authe kaavapaatthee jaan kaavasarote lee vee sojhee visataar daa vaseelaa hai kahite pavit sunate puneet aj vee jadon aaeaa parrhan sunan ko baanee noo jeevanaaadarash maniaa jaandaa hai jaan baanee guroo guroo hai baanee vich, baanee amrit saare daa upadesh ditaa jaandaa hai taan suchet tauar te gurabaanee de naitikasamaajak mehatav noo hee drirrh keetaa jaa rihaa hundaa hai|

guroo naanak dee sarabagraahee drishattee sbadaghaarrat ate surataghaarrat noo do naheen manadee| uhanaan ne sbadaghaarrat ate surataghaarrat noo iko amal manake suratasbad ghaarrat dee jis prakiriaa noo pes keetaa hai uh koee achet kaaraj naheen, sagon suchet manakhee karam hai jo vishes samaajak lorr dee pooratee hit vaaparadaa hai

jat paahaaraa dheeraj suniaar |

aharan mat ved hatheeaar|

bhau khalaa agan tap taau|

bhaanddaa bhaau amrit tith dtaal |

gharreeai sabad sachee ttakasaal|

guroo saahib ne shabadaghaarrat arathaat kaav dee sirajanaprakiriaa noo ttakasaal de roopak raaheen pes keetaa hai jiven suniaar aapanee ttakasaal vich kise dhaat noo dtaal ke navaan gahinaasakaa gharradaa hai, eise tarhaan jat, dheeraj, giaan, sanjam ate saadhanaa aad manakhee gunaan dee sahaaeitaa naal amrit roopee shabad dee ghaarrat hundee hai ih amrit kaavaaanand jaan kaavaras hai, arathaat kaav ton praapat hon vaalaa vivek| kaavapaatthee jaan shabadarasee noo isadee praapatee taan hundee hai je uh kaavarachanaa de paatth noo giaanamee kaaraj man ke is naal suchet ho ke naataa jorre| baaneekaaraan ne ise noo bol dee sanbhaal jaan akhar kaa bheau jaanan daa naan ditaa hai|

koree shilapaghaarrat jaan manakhee jeevan de sach ton sakhane sbadasuhaj noo baaneekaaraan ne kaav dee sangiaa naheen ditee| gurabaanee vich kavitaa noo naad ate ved arathaat dhunee ate giaan daa sanvaahak maniaa giaa hai| kavitaa taan hee saarathak hai je us upar giaan daa sanjam hai. ate uh manakh noo aatamasojhee de ke maaeaavee bandhanaan, laalasaavaan ton mukat hon dee sojhee pradaan karadee hai| gurabaanee vich jiven baaharalee chamakadamak vaale jeevan noo maaeaaveebharam jaan koorr dee paal keh ke

chhuttiaaeaa giaa hai, aus tarhaan manakhee jeevan de saar ton sakhanee shabadaghaarrat noo vee kavitaa manan ton inakaar keetaa giaa hai| guroo naanak ate bhagat kabeer dohaan ne hee kaavasirajanaprakiriaa noo giaanamee kiriaa manake kaav noo brahamabeechaar dee sangiaa ditee hai

gaavahu geet na biraharraa naanak braham beechaaro|

naanak baanee

log jaanai ihu geet hai ih tau braham beechaar|

jiau kaasee upades hoe maanas maratee baar||

kabeer baanee

guroo naanak ate bhagat kabeer ne jithe manakhee sach de samaavesh ton sakhane geet jaan biraharre dee sirajanaa karan vaale shabadasaadhakaan noo nindiaa hai, authe uhanaan ne ajehe kaavapaatthee vedapaatthee noo vee kararre hatheen liaa hai jo shabad de makram noo samajhe binaan totaarattanee paatth karade han| gurabaanee vich bhaaven sansakrit kaavasaasatar vaang kaavapaatthee ton ajehe suhirad jaan rasik paatthak hon dee tavako naheen keetee gee, jo saahit sirajanaa dee garaamar daa giaataa hove, par ajehe paatthak noo vee pravaan naheen keetaa giaa jo kaav de maram noo samajhe binaan achet upabhogee vaang kaav naal aapanaa naataa jorre| hetthaleean udaaharanaan vich jithe guroo naanak ne shabad de maram noo samajhe binaan totaarattanee paatth karan vaale vedapaatthee noo asal khar kahike nindiaa hai, authe bhagat kabeer ne ajehe shabadasaadhakaan dee bhanddee keetee hai jo kaavasirajanaa noo koree silapaghaarrat pravaan karade han

eikanaa naad na bed na geea ras ras kas na jaanit|

eikanaa sudh na budh na akal sar akhar kaa bheo na lahant|

naanak se nar asal khar ji bin gun garab karant |

baavan akhar jore aan sakiaa na akhar ek pachhaan |

sat kaa sabad kabeeraa kahai|| panddat hoe so anabhai rahai|

panddat logahu kau biauhaar| giaanavant kau tat beechaar|

jaake jeea jaisee budh hoee| keh kabeer jaanaigaa soee||

sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa ate kaavashaasatar ton gurabaanee de suchet vidaroh daa ik pramaan ih hai ki is vich prachalit kaavaroopaan, kaavabhedaan ate kaava

shaileean daa andhaadhund anukaran naheen hoeaa| gurabaanee vich prachilat kaav roopaan ate sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa duaaraa mariyaadat kaava reeteean daa jaan taan tiaag hoeaa jaan uhanaan daa naveean samaajakakadaraan mutaabak roopaantaran hoeaa hai| pramaan vajon gurabaanee vich aae vaar ate baarahamaah aad lokakaavaroopaan daa vivechan keetaa jaa sakadaa hai| kaavasirajanaa de khetar vich guroo saahibaan ne ik taan sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa de duharaau dee thaan lokakaav paranparaa noo aapane pragattaa daa maadhiam banaaeaa ate dooje lokakaav roopaan, lokakaavadhunaan ate lokachhandaan aad dee varaton samen naveean samaajak lorraan mutaabak uhanaa vich vee rachanaatamik parivaratan keetaa|

sankhep vich madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa de sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa ate kaava shaasatar ton vidaroh noo samajhan lee us dauar vich vaapar rahe samaajak ate sabhiaachaarak roopaantaran de amal noo dhiaan vich rakhanaa bahut zarooree hai| eis sabhiaachaarak roopaantaran de amal noo ik naveen ate lokahitamukhee dishaa den vich us samen de bhagataan, santaan, soofeean ate guroo saahibaan ne mehatavapooran bhoomikaa nibhaaee| bhagatee, sant ate soofee lahiraan ne sanaatanee dharam, mithihaas, naitikataa, jeevanajaach ate sanaatanee devatiaan pratee shankaa daa rukh apanaa ke aam lokaan vich naven dharam, vishavaasa prabandh ate jeevanamalaan noo sanchaarit keetaa ate samaaj vich aam bande daa navaan te sanamaanajanak sathaan nischit keetaa| sanaatanee jeevanamalaan dee maanasik gulaamee ton mukat ho ke ubhar rahe aam lokaan ne prachalit dharamaan te saahatik paranparaavaan pratee aapane avisvaas ate asaveekritee daa pragattaavaa khulh ke keetaa| sanaatanee sansakaaraan dee gulaamee ton mukat ho ke aapanee skhaseeat ate bhaavanaavaan dee naveen pachhaan naal lais aam lokaan ne sanaatanee dharam, naitikataa ate giaan paranparaavaan de naal naal sanaatanee bhaashaavaan te kaavasaasatar ton vee mukh morr liaa ate aapaneean bhaavanaavaan noo loka bolee te lokaparanparaavaan lokageetakathaavaan, lokadhunaan, lokachhandaan raaheen pragattaavaa ditaa| madhakaalee panjaabee kaveean daa sanaatanee kaavaparanparaavaan ate uhanaan de kaava shaasatar ton vidaroh asal vich kuleen varag de patanamukhee sabhiaachaarak mulaan ton vidaroh hai, jo us samen samaajak vikaas dee prakiriaa vich gateerodh daa kaaran bane hoe san| bhagatee, soofee te sant lahiraan de saahit ne madhakaalee bhaarat de sabhiaachaarak roopaantaran de amal noo naa keval tikhaa keetaa, sagon isanoo ik naveen lokamukhee dishaa vee ditee| is prasang vich ddaa.aim.pee. bhaaradavaaj daa ih kathan bahut mehatavapooran hai

alal ttahese gareatt soulas |shikah ghurus, shainattas, shudd foettas| enaparesas ttaheir doubatt aboutt chlasasichal religion, mettahologe, moralitte, sochial lidde pattatteran anad even chlasasichal godas in ttaheir chharachatterisattich ddasahion, ttahus inaddusinag ttehe masases aittah neaa ddaittah, beliedd, perasonalitte anad value sesattem, anad parovidinag a neaa anad resapechttabale plache ddor ttahem in ttehe sochiette. omanichipatted ddarom ttehe pasechahologichal subajugattion, resuragenatt ddolak is abale noaa tto enaparesas ittas lachak odd ddaittah in anad resapechatt ddor ttehe earalier religious anad litterare prachattiches alaso. onarichahed be neaa rechoganittion odd ittas perasonalitte anad ddeelinag ddarom ttehe bondage odd chlasasichal lanaguages, chlasasichal poettichas anad subajugattinag chlasasichal moralitte, ttehe ddolak noaa ddeelas pasechahologichalale ddaree tto give enaparesasion tto ittas simapale ddolakasonagas, balladas, anad ttaheir menttal, pasechahologichal, religious anad mesattich enaperienaches ttaharougah ttehe medium odd ttaheir simapale ddolak lanaguages anad ddolak ddoramas.

khoj darapan, janavaree 1986, pane 13637

madhakaalee panjaabee kaveean duaaraa kaavaparanparaa de reeteevaadee duharaau dee thaan viakateegat anubhav dee vilakhanataa noo saveekaar karanaa, kavitaa noo dhuron praapat aavesh jaan paranparaa ton praapat shaasatar manan dee thaan kavee dee aantarik preranaa te anubhav daa sittaa mananaa ate kalaa noo shilapaghaarrat manan dee aanandavaadee, roopavaadee dhaaranaa dee thaan kalaa de samaajak daaeitav noo pravaan karanaa uh gun han jihanaan de aadhaar te ddaa. atar singh, kainith ee. baraaeintt, aim.pee. bhaaradavaaj ate sisar kumaar daas varage aalochak madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa de kaavashaasatar noo sansakrit ate faarasee de sanaatanee kaavasaasatar de virodh vich kharraa dekhade han| jadon saaralott vaadevil ih kahindaa hai ki kabeer noo paranparaagat bhaaratee arathaan vich kavee naheen kihaa jaa sakadaa. taan usadee daleel daa aadhaar ih hai ki sanaatanee kaavashaasatar, pingal ate alankaar sidhaant aad ton kabeer dee udaaseenataa daa kaaran usadee ihanaan ton agiaanataa naheen, sagon suchet vidaroh hai| kabeer de pragattaave daa akharrapunaa balunatta nesasa ate upamaavaan dee sadhaaranataa ttarivialitte kavitaa noo sookham suhajaghaarrat manan vaale sanaatanee kaavashaasatar de aadee sarote jaan paatthak noo jhanjorr ke rakh dindee hai| havaalaa, ddaa. atar singh, saahitasanvedanaa, panaa 68 gurabaanee de kaavachintan dee vilakhanataa ate maualikataa noo sapashatt karadaa hoeaa sisar kumaar daas kahindaa hai ki jiven bhagatee lahir noo sanaatanee | braahamanavaad de virodh vich hee samajhiaa jaa sakadaa hai,

eise tarhaan is lahir de saahit noo vee sanaatanee kaavashaasatar de virodh vich hee samajhiaa jaa sakadaa hai| usade aapane sbadaan vich

eedd ttehe bhhakatt movemenatt is tto be unaderasattood aittahin a ddrameaaorak odd opaposittion dochattarines as opaposed tto enaperienache, jhaa as opaposed tto bhakatt, bhrahamanichal hierarachahe as opaposed tto ttehe chonachepatt odd etualitte odd man, inattelalechatt as opaposed tto emottiona ittas litterare enaparesasion is alaso tto be unaderasattood aittahin a similar ddrameaaorak odd opaposittion chlasasichal anad nonachlasasichal, sopahisattichatted anad ddolak, sasattarayea anad des.

jhournal odd nedieval eenadian litteratture. shepatt. 1977.f.16

3

jis tarhaan gurabaanee ate bhagatabaanee sansakritapraakirat dee sanaatanee kaava paranparaa noo aapanaa preranaa somaa naheen banaaundee, ause tarhaan panjaabee soofee kavitaa isalaam naal dhaaramik akeede dee saanjh de baavajood arabeefaarasee dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa ton beniaaz najr aaundee hai| ise karake ddaa. atar singh, ddaa. aim.pee. bhaaradavaaj ate pro. gulavant singh varage vidavaan panjaabee soofee kavitaa noo kise baaharalee kaavaparanparaa dee nakal naa man ke, eisanoo panjaab dee dharatee dee upaj manade han| ihanaan vidavaanaan noo gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa vich vaddee saanjh ihanaan de sanaatanee kaavashaasatar ate kaavareetee ton vidaroh ate ihanaan de manakhee dukhasukh vich jurran dee bhaavanaa vich nazar aaundee hai| panjaabee soofee kavitaa de vilakhan saar te saroop noo samajhan lee soofee lahir de itihaasak pichhokarr, bhaaratee sandarabh vich isalaam ate soofeevaad de aapasee rishate, eisalaam de bhaarateekaran dee prakiriaa vich panjaabee soofee fkeeraan daa yogadaan, samakaalee bhagatee mataan pratee panjaabee soofee daraveshaan de raveee ate panjaab dee lokakaavadhaaraa te bhaaratee mithihaas val soofee kaveean de nazaree noo dhiaan vich rakhanaa jrooree hai|

soofee lahir dee utapatee baare vidavaanaan de do mat han. ik dharraa soofeevaad noo isalaam daa hee visathaar manadaa hai ate doojaa dharraa, soofee mat noo sanaatanee isalaam de kattarr, sharhee jaan karamakaanddee roop de khilaaf ik prateekaram| arab deshaan vich soofeemat bhaaven sanaatanee isalaam de viradh ik prateekaram vajon hond vich aaeaa, par bhaarat vich mudtale soofeean daa isalaam naal koee virodh naheen see | sach taan ih hai ki mudtale soofee santaan ne bhaarat vich isalaam de prachaaraprasaar vich mehatavapooran bhoomikaa nibhaaee|

eisalaam de sansathaagat saree roop daa virodh karan de baavajood soofee fkeer akeede vajon musalamaan hee rahe ate uhanaan ne ik asalon opare dharam ate ajanabee sabhiaachaar noo bhaaratee muhaavare vich dtaal ke pradesee musalamaana haakamaan noo janasadhaaran de nerr liaaun daa yatan keetaa| isalaam noo panjaab daa sahij dharam banaaun vich sabh ton vaddaa yogadaan panjaabee soofeean daa hai| unhaan ne isalaam noo panjaabee zubaan ate muhaavare vich dtaaliaa| panjaabee soofee ethon de jan sadhaaran ton chokhee vith upar vicharan vaale haakam naheen san lokaan de nerre vicharan vaale fkeer san| asal vich hindosataanee soofeean ne aapane yatanaan raaheen hindosataan vich isalaam deean sathaanak vanageean noo janam ditaa| makaa. muhamad ate arabee vich likhiaa kuraan panjaabee lokamaanas ton door deean vasataan han| unhaan daa sathaan, samaan te charitar door daa hai| panjaabee soofeean ne isalaam noo panjaabee lokamaanas de nerre dee vasat banaa ditaa| ddaa. haribhajan singh, mul te mulankan, pane 9293 seead alee abaas jalaalapuree varage chintak bhaaratee soofeemat dee vaddiaaee is gal vich mithade han ki ithon de soofeean ne isalaam dee rehasavaadee drishattee vich naven ayaam paidaa keete| yoonaanee rehasavaad noo bhaaratee vedaant te bhagateesaadhanaa dee vichaaradhaarak putth de ke ik paase isalaam daa bhaarateekaran keetaa ate dooje paase sanaatanee braahamanavaad de jarrh ho chuke roop age prasn chinh laaeaa ate braahamanavaad de sikaar dabekuchale lokaan lee dhaaramik ravaadaaree daa sunehaa ditaa|

eisalaam de bhaarateekaran ate dharamasaadhanaa de saraleekaran hit panjaabee soofee kaveean ne lokabolee ate lokasansakritee daa sahaaraa liaa| bolee pakhon panjaabee soofee kavee gurabaanee ate bhagatasant baanee de mukaabale vadhere lokamukhee ate sugam han| isalaam noo panjaabee lokamaanas daa ang banaaun lee soofee kaveean ne panjaabee loka kaav dhaaraa, lokakahaaneean, lokanaaeikaan ate bhaaratee mithihaas noo aapanee kavitaa daa vasatoo banaaeaa| panjaab de lokajeevan ate dharatee de sach naal soofeean dee saanjh daa pramaan ih hai ki soofee kaveean ne panjaabee jeevan de sadhaaran tathaan noo dhaaramik chinhaan dee padavee ditee| arabeefaarasee dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa, eisalaamee mithihaas ate usade naaeikaan, eisalaamee sharhaa de sansathaaee bandhej te karamakaanddee nibhaa ate samakaalee mugal haakamaan pratee belaagataa uh tath han jo panjaabee soofee lahir de loka hitamukhee paintarre de soochak han| bhaaven baabaa freed varage mudtale soofeean ne isalaam de prachaar dee bhoomikaa nibhaaee, par jiven jiven isalaam sathaapatee daa ang banadaa giaa ate aam lokaan dee thaan pujaaree varag te raajashaahee daa hit paalan lagaa,

panjaabee soofee kavee jaan shaah husain vaang us ton udaaseen hunde ge ate jaan bulhe vaang usade virodhee ban ge| ithe ih dhiaan rakhanaa vee zarooree hai ki mudtale soofee fkeeraan ne vee isalaam dharam de sansathaaee te karamakaanddee roop naalon usade aatamik pakh noo hee vadhere mehatav ditaa| jadon samaajakaaarathik ate naitik tauar te nighar chuke bhaaratee samaaj vich sanaatanee braahamanavaad daa koee usaaroo rol naheen see, aus samen bhaarat vich isalaam daa aagaman aam lokaan lee maanasik raahat daa ik saadhan see | braahamanee dharamatantar bhrahmanichal hierarachahe duaaraa sanchaalat katthor dharamasaadhanaa ate jaatapaat te aoochaneech dee samaajak darajebandee de jhanbe aam lokaan noo isalaam dee dhaaramik ravaadaaree ate samaajak baraabaree de sankalap ne vaddee raahat ditee| dabekuchale lokaan ne dharraadharr isalaam dharam dhaaran keetaa| jis parraa tak isalaam daa rol usaaroo rihaa, soofee lahir usade naal rahee| pichhalere madhakaal vich jadon musalamaan haakam zaalam te vibhachaaree ban baitthe, soofee fkeeraan ne isalaam de lokavirodhee rol dee kararree aalochanaa keetee| panjaabee soofee fkeer dhaaramik akeede dee saanjh de baavajood mugal haakamaan naalon sikh guroo saahibaan ate bhagatee lahir de santaan de vadhere nerre rahe| panjaabee soofee kaveean ne bhaaven dooje dharamaan deean upaasanaavidheean ate chintan padhateean dee aalochanaa naheen keetee, par unhaan ne isalaam andar paidaa ho rahe vigaarraan daa ganbheer nottis liaa| vajeed, alee haidar, sulataan baahoo ate bulhe shaah aad dee kavitaa vich isalaam de karamakaanddee nibhaa ate mugalasaasakaan te mulaamulaaniaan duaaraa isalaamee srhaa dee duravaraton dee tikhe sur vich aalochanaa hoee hai| bulhe saaeh aapane samen de musalamaan saasakaan ate isalaamee srhaa de sanchaalakaan kaazeeamulaaniaan de naitik nighaar dee tasaveer vee khichadaa hai ate patanamukhee samaajakasabhiaachaarak mulaan jaatapaat, aoochaneech, dhaaramikasanparadaaeik vakhareven dee bhanddee vee karadaa hai| isalaamee sharhaan de katthor reeteevaadee nibhaa de khokhalepan ate dhaaramikasanparadaaeik bikherriaan de manakh dokhee khaase noo nangaa karake uh dharam de andarale rehas noo samajhan upar zor dindaa hai| pramaan vajon bulhe saaeh de kalaam vichon ih sataraan pes han

bed kuraan parrh parrh thake

sijade karadiaan ghas ge mathe

naa rab teerath naa rab make

jis paaeaa tis noor avataar

kahoon masajid kaa varataaraa hai

kahoon baniaa tthaakar duaaraa hai

kahoon bairaagee jattadhaaraa hai

kahoon shekhan than ban aaeaa hai

kahoon turak musalamaan parrhate ho

kahoon bhagat hindoo jap karate ho

kee haajee ban ban aae jee

gal neele jaame paae jee

haj vech ttake lai khaae jee

kadee baat sachee vee lukadee e

eik nukate vich gal mukadee e

bulhiaa dharamasaal dhaarravee rahinde

tthaakar duaare tthag,

vich maseetaan rahin kusatee

aashak rahin alag|

dharamasaadhanaa de saraleekaran lee soofee kaveean ne sabh manakhaan naal prem. baraabaree, change amal karan ate firakoo vanddeean ton upar utthan daa sankalap ditaa| soofee kavitaa vich ishak ate srhaa, dhaaramik bhekh ate aacharanik uchataa, rab ate raanjhe manakha ate daualat te gurabat daa virodh mehatavapooran nukataa hai| soofeean ate kisaakaaraan ne eishak noo alhaa dee jaat keh ke bhaavanaamoolak premabhagatee daa jiharraa maarag darasaaeaa, auh dharam de saraleekaran raaheen aam manakh de manaan uton pujaaree varag de vichaaradhaarak galabe dee dhoorr noo laahundaa see| eishak srhaa kee naataa jaan main kiaun kar jaavaan kaabe noo dil loche takhatahazaare noo keh ke bulhaa katthor saadhanaa de virodh vich manakhee piaar noo mehatav dindaa hai| manakh dee jaat ate amalaan de virodh jutt raaheen soofeean ne samaajak darajebandee de shikaar dabekuchale lokaan lee samaajak niaan ate baraabaree daa sankalap ditaa| freed ton lai ke bulhe saaeh tak saare soofee kaveean ne dabekuchale manakh dee gurabat ate nimaanagee noo paramaatamaa de dar usadee pravaanagee de paimaane vajon pes keetaa| saadhanaheen manakh dee aarathak te samaajak bevasee daa chitar soofee kavitaa daa mool pairaaddaaeem hai| saadhanaheen bande dee aacharanik uchataa noo mukatee de maarag vajon pes karake soofee kavee aapane vele de kuleen varag ate pujaaree srenee de aatamik nighaar ate naitik patan noo gujhee chott daa visaa banaaunde han| main chooharettarree haan sache saahib de darabaaron kaafee vich bulhe

shaah aapane samen de kuleenapujaaree varag de naitik deevaaleeaapan, aunhaan de falasafe te upaasanaavidhee de khokhalepan noo viang daa vishaa banaa dindaa hai| saaeh husain ne amalaan ute hog niberraa kiaa soofee kiaa bhangee keh ke samaajakaaarathik darajebandee noo chunauatee ditee hai| alee haidar ate sulataan baahoo naa main hindoo naa main musalam daa ailaan karake dharam de firakoo aadhaaraan noo rad karade hoe manakh dee inasaanee saanjh, baraabaree dhaaramikafirakoo ravaadaaree daa sandesh dinde han| dhaaramika chinhaan, jaatapaat ate firakoo vanddeean de khilaaf soofeean daa jahaad parokh roop vich us vele de kuleen ate pujaaree varagaan de anaitik vihaar, bauadhik deevaaleepan ate aatamik patan age prashan chin laaundaa hai| bulhe saaeh dee kavitaa vichon kujh kathan pes han

fook musalaa bhan sutt lottaa,

naa farr tasabee kaasaa sottaa|

aashik kahindaa de de hokaa,

tarak halaalon khaah muradaar|

naa main moman vich maseetaan,

naa main vich kufar deean reetaan|

naa main paakaan vich paleetaan,

naa main moosaa naa faraauan

sharaa kahe chal paas mulaan de.

sikh lai adab adaabaan noo|

eishak kahe ik alaf bahuteraa,

tthap rakh hor kitaabaan noo |

guroo naanak ate kabeer vaang bulhe shaah ate sulataan baahoo varage soofee kaveean dee kavitaa vich vee pusatakeekalachar de nakaaran ate kitaabeegiaan de mukaabale manakhee anubhav dee nijataa upar bal den dee ruchee kaafee ugharraveen hai| je bulhe saah, eilamon bas kareen o yaar jaan eik alaf parrho chhuttakaaraa hai dee dhun alaapadaa hai taan salataan baahoo saare jhamele chhadd ke eik alaf te meem pakaaun daa hokaa dindaa hai| soofeean daa virodh kuraan naal naheen, kuraan de viaakhiaakaar, kaazeean, mulaaniaan naal hai, jiharre dharam de raah ton thirrak chuke han| inhaan daa giaan maaeaa te tamhaa dee balee charrh chukaa hai

kiaun parrhanaa en gadd kitaabaan dee

sir chaanaa e pandd aazaabaan dee,

hun hoee e shakal jalaadaan dee

agon paiddaan mushakal bhaaraa e...

ban haafaz hifj kuraan karen

parrh parrh ke saaf zubaan karen

fir niaamat vich dhiaan karen

man firadaa jiaun halakaaraa e|

parrh parrh ilam lagaaven dter,

kuraan kitaabaan chaar chufer|

girade chaanan vich haner,

baajhon rahibar khabar naa saar

eilamon bas kareen o yaar balhe shaaha

alaf alaa parrhiaa parrh haafiz hoeaa

giaa hijaabon paradaa hoo |

parrh parrh aalam faazal hoyaa,

bhee taalab hoyaa zar daa hoo|

lakh hazaar kitaabaan parrhiaa,

zaalam nafas naa maradaa hai|

baajh fakeeraan kise naa maariaa baahoo,

eih zaalam chor andar daa hoo| sulataan baahoo

soofeean dee sanaatanee giaanaparanparaa kuraanabeda ton tobaa daa kaaran uhee hai jo guroo naanak ate kabeer daa shaasatar ton vidaroh daa hai| bulhaa paakhanddee dharama saadhak de danbh noo girade chaanan vich haner keh ke bhanddadaa hai| usanoo tamhaa de halakaae bhekhee saadhak dee shakal jalaadaan varagee lagadee hai| usade giaan ate dharamasaadhanaa dee ttek manakh de kaliaan upar naheen, maaeaa dee jhaak upar hai| manakhee dukhasukh naal pratibadhataa ton thirrak chuke pujaaree varag ate us duaaraa sanchaalat giaanaparanparaa noo bulhaa aalamaa dee kaavaanraualee keh ke nakaaradaa hai| sulataan baahoo de viang daa nishaanaa paakhanddee dharamasaadhak vee bane han ate dekhaa dekhee kaagaz kaale karan vaale sbadasaadhak vee| soofee kaveean ne maanav jeevan de saar ton sakhanee dharamasaadhanaa ate

shabadasaadhanaa dohaan dee khilee uddaaee hai

hor sabhe galarreean, alaah alaah dee gal

kujh raualaa paaeaa aalamaan, kujh kaagazaan paaeaa jhal|

balhe shaaha

laam likhan sikhio te likh naa jaanaa

kiaun kaagaz keete jaaeaa hoo|

kat kalam noo maar naa jaane,

te kaatab naam dharaaeaa hai|

sab salaah hosee teree khottee,

jaan kaatab de hath aaeaa hoo,

sahee salaamat tinhaan dee baahoo,

jinhaa alaf te meem pakaaeaa hoo| sulataan baahoo

soofee kaveean noo manakh de dukhasukh ton abhij rahin vaalaa naa dharam pravaan hai, naa giaan ate naa kalaa| kalaachintan dee drishattee ton soofee kaveebaaneekaaraan, santaan te bhagat kaveean naalon vadhere yathaarathamukh han| saaree soofee kavitaa vich, kavitaa lee dhur kee baanee varagaa daahavaa kidhare nazar naheen aaundaa| soofee kaveean ne kaava sirajanaa de amal noo dibataa naal jorran daa yatan kidhare naheen keetaa| uh kavitaa noo manakhee anubhav ate antarapreranaa dee upaj vajon hee saveekaar karade han| ddaa. haribhajan singh isadaa kaaran soofee chintan dee vishestaa noo manadaa hai jo aapanee rehasabhaavanaa de baavajood manakh de lokik sarokaaraan noo anaddatth naheen karadee| us anusaar soofee mool roop vich kavee han, prachaarak naheen| dharamasaadhanaa soofee kalaam daa kendaree svar naheen, eisadaa kendaree svar hai dharamabhaavanaal.. lauakikataa panjaabee soofeean de rehasaanubhav daa anakharr ang hai|... soofee kaavaparanparaa rab ton vadheek bande de nerre rahindee hai|... viakateegat ate sathaanagat sathitee dee vilakhanataa pratee soofee atiant suchet han| ise kaaran uh anubhavamukh rahinde han, chintanamukh kade kadaaeen hee hunde han| uh rehasavaadee naheen, rehasaanubhavee han| unhaan daa rehasaanubhav shudh paaralauakik kade vee naheen hundaa| mul ate mulankan, pane 9599

soofee kaveean ne kavitaa ate usadee sirajanaprakiriaa dee viaakhiaa manakh de samaajak sarokaaraan dee drishattee ton hee keetee hai| sulataan baahoo andar boottee mushak machaaeaa jaan fulan te aaee hoo keh ke antarapreranaa de naal naal manakh dee teebar

bhaavautejanaa noo kaavasirajanaa daa sarot mithadaa hai| soofee kaveean ne kavitaa noo ilahaam jaan dhuron praapat aavesh kahin dee thaan manakh de aatamapragattaave dee samaajak lorr noo kavitaa daa preranaa sarot kihaa hai| kavitaa manakh de aatamapragattaave daa sathaan vee hai ate aatamavisataar daa vaseelaa vee| kavitaa de maadhiam raaheen kavee ne aapaneean manakhee akaankhiaavaan daa pragattaavaa hee naheen karanaa, sagon aapanee maanavataa noo sidh vee karanaa hai| kavee ih kam aapane samen de sach te pahiraa de ke karadaa hai| je shaah husain darad vichhorre daa haal nee main keehanoo aakhaan keh ke kavitaa de aatama pragattaa hon dee saakhee bharadaa hai, taan bulhaa chup aashak ton naa hundee e, jis aaee sach sugandhee hai daa hokaa de ke kalaa de maanavakaaree rol noo drirr karavaaundaa hai| kalaa de samaajak daaeitav baare soofeean dee suchetanaa daa pramaan is tath ton hee ho jaandaa hai ki unhaan ne apane samen de samaajakasabhiaachaarak ate raajasee sarokaaraan noo anaddatth naheen keetaa| jadon bulhaa kavitaa noo naa ttaaliaa jaa sakan vaalaa, berok aatamapragattaa kahindaa hai taan uh sach dee saadhanaa khaatar hon vaale jokhamaan val vee ishaaraa karadaa hai| bulhe saaeh dee ih kaafee jithe soofee saadhak dee adhiaatamak saadhanaa val sanket karadee hai, authe ih kavitaa dee prateekaatamak hondavidhee ate usadeean samaajak zinmevaareean val vee sanket karadee hai

moonh aaee baat naa rahindee e|

jhootth aakhaan te kujh bachadaa e,

sach aakhiaan bhaanbarr machadaa e|

jeea dohaan galaan ton jachadaa e,

jach jach ke jihabaa kahindee e|

jis paaeaa bhet kalandar daa,

raah khojiaa aapane andar daa|

auh vaasee hai sukhamandar daa,

jithe charrhadee hai naa lahindee e|

ethe duneean vich anheraa e,

ate tilakanabaazee viharraa e|

varr andar vekhe kiharraa e,

baahar khafatan pee dtoonddendee e|

eik laazam baat adab dee e|

saanoo baat maaloomee sabh dee e,

har har vich soorat rab dee e,

kite zaahar kite chhupendee e|

jadon zaahir hoe noor hureen,

jal ge pahaarr kohatoor hureen|

tadon daar charre manasoor hureen

authe shekhee mainddee naa tainddee e|

je zaahar karaan asaraar taanee,

sabh bhul jaavan takaraar taanee|

fir maaran bulhe yaar taaeen |

ethe makhafee gal sohendee e|

asaan parrhiaa ilam tahikeekee e,

authe iko haraf hakeekee e|

hor jhagarraa sabh vadheekee e.

aiven raualaa paa paa bahindee e|

eis kaafee de paatth ton sapashatt hai ki kaavasirajanaa kavee de aatam daa prakaas vee hai ate usadee hond ton baahar viaap rahe sach dee talaas vee| sach dee talaas daa painddaa bikham vee hai ate jokham bhariaa vee| manakh daa aapane ate usaton baaharalee duneean de sach noo jaananaa tilakanabaazee hai| jiharre saadhak jaan kavee sansaar dee baaharalee dikh noo hee antim sach manade han, auh sach de saar tak naheen pahunch sakade| manakh ate usade sansaar de sach noo manakhataa de andarale saar noo samajh ke hee jaaniaa jaa sakadaa hai| aapane andarale sach noo jaane binaan baahar de sach dee sojhee vee naheen ho sakadee| saahit dee laazamee sharat ih hai ki kavee sarab giaataa vaang dikh te sach jaan jaaehar te baatan de sabh parade laah ke saanoo jeevan de sach de roobaroo kare| kavee ne uchaaranaa taan aapane samen de saapekh sach noo hee hai, par sach noo bebaak ho ke uchaaranaa kee vaar khatare paidaa karadaa hai| vishes karake varajanaamukhee samaajaan chalosed sochiettiesa vich sach daa bebaak pragattaavaa khatare ton khaalee naheen hundaa| jadon sathaapatee de sach noo dabel dharre de sach valon chunauatee miladee hai taan sabhiaachaarak ate vichaaradhaarak visafott dee sathitee paidaa hundee hai| ajehee varajanaamukhee sathitee vich sach noo jaan lukaa ke, kalaa te prateek daa uhalaa

karake kahinaa paindaa hai jaan fir sathaapatee naal manasoor vaangoo ttakaraaunaa paindaa hai| bebaak sach bhaanbarr vaang baladaa te baaladaa hai. sach ton manukar hoeaa kavee jaan sach de saadhak de pale kujh naheen bachadaa| sach de saadhak dee doheen paaseen mauat hai jaan taan uh sach valon akhaan meett ke aatamaa noo maar lave jaan sathaapatee de kahir daa bhaagee banan lee tiaar rahe| is prasathitee vich iko raah kalaa daa raah bachadaa hai| kavee aapanee gal noo bebaak roop vich kahin dee thaan kalaa jaan prateek daa uhalaa karake kahe| is kaafee de pahile ate chheven band vich kalaa dee hondavidhee val sanket keetaa giaa hai| kalaa dee vidhee ramaz jaan prateek sirajanaa dee hai| asaraar ate makhafee gal de arath ramaz jaan gujhe prateek de han| sach noo ramaj roop vich lukaa ke kahinaa kavee de kalaatamak maadhiam dee lorr vee hai ate samaajak daman de ddar ton paidaa hon vaalee majabooree vee | sach noo jach jach ke kahin vich vee dooharee ramaz hai, sanket samaajak ddar val vee hai ate kavee de berok anubhav noo kalaatamak roop vich matthaar ke pesh karan dee jugat val vee| saaeir duaaraa gal noo kath roop vich kahin dee thaan rehas roop vich khedd ke dasan noo najam husain sayad ne panjaabee kaavaparanparaa siarareeta daa sadeevee subhaa kihaa hai| sedhaan, panaa 35 eis kaafee vich bulhe shaah ne ih sanket ditaa hai ki varajanaa mukhee samaaj vich rehasaatamakataa hee iko ik tareekaa hundaa hai jis raaheen kalaakaar samaajak vidaroh noo pragattaavaa dindaa hai| varajanaamukhee samaaj dee kalaa ate samaajak ros dee vidhee baare ddee. pee. mukarajee daa ih kathan bahut mehatavapooran hai, jis anusaar varajanaapradhaan samaaj vich sidhaa vidaroh sanbhav naheen hundaa| rehasaatamakataa samaajak daman ton bachan daa iko ik tareekaa hundee hai ate kalaakaar aapane vidaroh noo rehasamee anubhav daa uhalaa karake pragattaaundaa hai| madhakaalee bhagatee mataan ate soofee kavitaa baare ddee.pee. mukarajee de shabad duharaane belorre naheen

nesattich chulattas anad litterattures aaere more sharapale disasidenatt. tthaheir emaphasis on ttehe inadividual aas as muchah a parottesatt againasatt pariesattale rule as ttaheir dochattarine odd love aas againasatt ttehe laa odd kharma, ttehe aae odd kanoaaledage janamarga anad rittualas odd ttehe bhrahaminas. tthehe vere ddachatt tthatt mesattichisam, inachaludinag shuddisam, aas ttehe uttamosatt limitt odd parottesatt is an evidenache odd ttehe chalosed natture odd ttehe sochiette. een an open sochiette ottaher maniddesttattionas odd ttehe parottesatt anad desired chhanages are posasibale, butt in a chalosed sochiette mesattichisam apapearas tto be ttehe onale aae outt odd ttehe sahelal.

dhiverasitties, f. 302.

panjaabee kisaakaav madhakaalee panjaabee saahit dee bahut hee ameer ate samaradh kaavadhaaraa hai| panjaabee kisaakaav daa rachanaasansaar enaa vanasuvanaa ate ginatee te gunaatamak pakhon enaa pasaaraamoolak te vakhareven bhariaa hai, ki kisaa kaavadhaaraa daa rachanaasangatthan gurabaanee te soofee kalaam varagee vichaaradhaarak te rachanaa vasatoo dee ikarasataa daa prabhaav naheen dindaa| do asalon hee vakhare te kee arathaan vich virodhee sabhiaachaarak pichhokarraan kaaran panjaabee kisaakaar vichaaradhaarak ikasurataa daa prabhaav naheen dinde| viakateegat anubhav ate kalaatamak samarathaa de vakhareven kaaran vee sabh kisaakaaraan dee rachanaa de padhar noo iko jihaa naheen kihaa jaa sakadaa| panjaabee kisaa saahit vich vasatoo te roopak drishattee ton kalaasik saahit daa darajaa rakhan vaaleean heer vaaras varageean rachanaavaan vee miladeean han ate landde te meenee jaan chaah te lasee jhagarre varage sadhaaran kise vee| so is yatan vich keval pratinidh kisaakaaraan te pratinidh rachanaavaan daa hee zikar hee keetaa jaa sakadaa hai| panjaabee kisaakaav de kaavashaasatar dee talaas karadiaan saanoo jinhaan galaan ton suchet rahin dee jroorat hai uh han panjaabee kise daa aapanaa vilakhan roopaakaar ate usadee utapatee de kaaran, samakaalee panjaabee kaavadharaavaan ate dooje birataantakaroopaan naal vasatoosaar dee saanjh te vakharevaan, panjaabee kise de rachanaavasatoo, rachanaashaileean, dukhaantasukhaant paranparaa, pramakh kathaanak roorreean te bhaashaaee prayogaan de vakhareven, ate yathaarath te saahit baare kisaakaaraan daa nazareea|

panjaabee kisaa birataantakakaav dee ik vanagee hai| birataantakasaahit aam tauar te lokabhaavanaa ate lokaparanparaavaan dee upaj hundaa hai| itihaasak tauar te kise vee samaaj vich birataantak saahit dee utapatee udon hundee hai jadon sadhaaran lok sanaatanee samaajak vivasathaa ton vidaroh karade han| samaajak punarajaagaratee te loka chetanaa daa ubhaar resuragenache sadhaaran bande noo patanamukhee sanaatanee mulaan de daabe ton mukat karake usanoo aapaneean bhaavanaavaan, reejhaan te umangaan de pragattaave daa mauakaa dindaa hai| saareean bhaaratee bhaashaavaan daa madhakaalee birataantakasaahit aam lokaan dee sanaatanee saamantak vivasathaa de daabe ton mukatee ate lokahitamukhee chetanaa de ubhaar de pragattaave daa soochak hai| panjaabee kisaakaav dee utapatee vee madhakaalee sanaatanee saamantak samaajak vivasathaa de patan samen hoee ate panjaabee kisaakaav madhakaalee bhaaratee samaaj vich vaapare inakalaabee parivaratan, lokachetanaa de ubhaar ate lokapakhee vidarohee lahiraan

de mehatav noo roopamaan karadaa hai| panjaabee kisaa de vilakhan roopaakaar ate vasatoosaar noo samajhan lee ddaa. aim.pee. bhaaradavaaj de ih kathan bahut prasangak han

eenasisattenache on sattorettelalinag alone, hoaaever, is parimarile ttehe chonacheran odd ddolak anad ddolakattradittion in ane sochiette. anad ddolak or palebian gettas opaporattunitte enougah tto give enaparesasion tto his ddeelinagas onale aahen ttehe chlasasichal sochial orader bechomes dechadenatt anad aahen ttahere is upasurage anad renaissanache odd ttehe masases. eett mae be inatteresattinag tto notte tthatt fanjab thissa balosasomed att a similar ttranasittional phase in fanjab sochiette anad fanjab litteratture. f.133 thissa in fanjab unaderasachore ttehe siganiddichanache odd sochial revoluttion, masasive upasurage anad popular parottesttanatt movemenattas in ttahis paratt odd ttehe chounattare, anad ttahis sahoulad be an imaporttanatt guidinag ddachattor aahile sattudeinag anad analesinag ttahis livele anad ddulalabalooded litterare genare. f. 13839

khoj darapan, janavaree 1986

gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa naalon kisaakaav daa buniaadee vakharevaan isade lauakik charitar karake hai| gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa vich manakh lokik ate alauakik rishatiaan vich aapanee hond de arath praapat karadaa hai| ihanaan kaava dhaaraavaan daa kendarabindoo bhaaven aroop braham ate mool sandarabh bhaaven adhiaatamak sansaar hee hai, par manakh us vichon gairahaazar naheen| chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran ihanaan kaavadhaaraavaan vich manakh de samaajak, naitik, raajasee sarokaaraan noo pragattaavaa vee adhiaatamak sandarabh vich hee miliaa hai| ihanaan kaavadhaaraavaan de mukaabale kisaakaav vich manakh deean reejhaan sadharaan, chaavaan, audareviaan, khohaan, haaraanjataan, dukhasukh te vishavaas noo pragattaavaa lokik sandarabh vich hee miliaa hai| kisaakaav de naaeikanaaeikaavaan aadarask hunde hoe vee manakh ate is dharatee de sach de ziaadaa nerre han| kisaakaveean dee yathaarathamakh chetanaa daa pramaan ih hai ki jiharre kise panjaab dee dharatee dee upaj han, auhanaan vich sadhaaran manakh hee naaeik vajon pravaan hoe han ate je pooran ate rasaaloo varage raaj kumaar panjaabee kise de naaeik bane han taan raajashaahee ton ttutt ke bhagat jaan lokahitoo soorame de roop vich hee pravaan hoe han| baaharaleean kahaaneean noo kise de roop vich dtaalan samen vee panjaabee kisaakaaraan ne unhaan noo panjaab dee dharatee de saanche ate lokabhaavanaa de anukool kar liaa| ise karake

ddaa. haribhajan singh panjaabee kise noo panjaab de lokajeevan ate lokadharam daa sahij ang kahindaa hai| kasaa panjaaba gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa naalon panjaabee kisaakaav de kaavashaasatar daa nikherraa kisaasaahit dee lokikataa ate yathaarathamukhataa de aadhaar upar hee keetaa jaa sakadaa hai| chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran jithe baaneekaar ate soofee kavee jagatarachanaa vaang kaavarachanaa noo dibataa naal jorran daa yatan karade han, authe kisaakaaraan daa zor akheen dekhe jaan bhogebhugate anubhav noo kalaa daa sirajanasarot manan upar hai| manakhee anubhav noo kalaa daa sirajanasarot gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa vich vee maniaa giaa hai, par uhanaan kaavadhaaraavaan vich manakhee anubhav noo lauakikataa naalon paaralokikataa de vadhere nerre dee cheez kihaa giaa hai| gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa naalon vakhareven de naal naal kisaa kaav dee ihanaan naal saanjh baare vee suchet hon dee jroorat hai| iko itihaasakasamaajak anubhavasaar dee upanj hon kaaran ihanaan kaavadhaaraavaan dee apas vich ddoonghee vichaaradhaarak saanjh vee hai| roopaakaar ate rachanaashaileean de vakhareven de baavajood ih kaavadhaaraavaan aapane rachanaatamak manorath vich ik dooje de nerre han| pro. kisn singh ihanaan dee saanjh fiaooddal de khilaaf utth raheean dabel jamaataan dee chetanaa noo lokahit de paintarre te bhugataaun vich mithadaa hai| us anusaar gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa jiharree gal majhabee muhaavare vich kahinde han kisaakaar uhee gal sansaarak muhaavare vich karade han| gurabaanee ate soofee kavitaa vich samaaj dee ddaaeilaikattis naam te maaeaa de virodha jutt raaheen dhaaramik muhaavare vich pes hoee hai| kisaa saahit vich samaaj dee ddaaeilaikattis kaam te isk de virodhajutt raaheen sansaarak muhaavare vich pes hoee hai| madhakaal de saare saahit vich manakh dee aajaadee daa, sarabat dee aazaadee daa masalaa hee pesh hoeaa hai, kite muhaavaraa majhabee hai kite sansaarak| khoj darapan, julaaee 1995, pane 1219

je panjaabee kisaakaaraan ne saahitarachanaa noo manakhee anubhav ate manakhee yatan suchet shilapaghaarrata daa fal man ke vee saahitarachanaa de amal vich rabee aaves daa dakhal saveekaar keetaa hai taan ajehaa us dauar dee chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare kaaran hoeaa hai| mukabal, vaaras, fazal shaah ate meean muhamad bakhas aad kisaakaaraan ne naa keval kaavasirajanaa, sagon kavitaa dee lokapravaanagee lee vee rabee mehar noo zarooree maniaa hai| jadon vaaras varag prabadh rachanaakaar aapane kise vich heer te raanjhe de duniaavee piaar noo adhiaatamak arath den daa yatan karadaa hai ate heeraraanjhe de samaajak sangharash noo panj peeraan de thaaparre jaan rabee ttek naal salajhaaun daa yatan karadaa

hai taan sapashatt ho jaandaa hai ki dhaaramik muladristtee ne kisaakaaraan dee jeevanadristtee ate kaavasaasataree dristtee dohaan noo samagar roop vich prabhaavit keetaa hai, kisaakaav vich vee gurabaanee vaang faizaan ilaahee jaan sukhan ilaahee aad vishesnaan dee varaton hoee hai| vakh vakh kisaakaaraan ne kavee de anubhav, pratibhaa te sayatan shilapa saadhanaa de naal naal ilaahee bakhasis noo kaava sirajanaa lee zarooree maniaa hai| ahimad yaar ne kavitaa noo daivee daat man ke sirajanaa de amal noo saagar dee lahir vaang moonhajor prakiriaa kihaa hai, jithe suchetaghaarrat daa vas naheen chaladaa| meean muhamad bakhash ate vaaras ne aapanee kavitaa noo lauakikataa ton vadh fakeeree de giaan dee sanvaahak kihaa hai

par naa likhan teek mauakoof e, eih faizaan ilaahee

shaaeir soee jis dee gal vich, deve ilam gavaahee

eilam, akal, tadabeer aroojaa, daa kujh vas naa chale,

eih kalazam dee mauaj nau neje, pahunchan arash uchhale|

ahimad yaar, ahasanal kasisa

eih kuraan majeed de maaeine ne, jiharre kaual meean vaaris shaah deve|

dilachasap gal ih hai ki aavesh jaan ilahaam noo pravaan karan de baavajood kise ik vee kisaakaar ne aapane aap lee khudaa daa kaasad, paiganbar jaan dhur kee baanee daa sanchaarak hon daa daahavaa naheen keetaa| kisaakaaraan ne kavee dee pratibhaa noo sadhaaran manakhee hond de sandarabh vich hee pravaan keetaa hai| kisaa kaaraan ne saahitasirajanaa lee kavee dee karataaree pratibhaa tej tabaa. vishaal jeevan anubhav, rasak subhaa, abhiaas jaan shilapasaadhanaa ate praapat saahitak paranparaa de giaan noo zarooree maniaa hai| ih chaare manakhee jeevan de lokik sach naal sanbandhit han| meean muhamad bakhas ne ihanaan daa jikar is tarhaan keetaa hai

eis kam andar bhalee faraagat, tej tabaa hushiaaree

mere kol aanheean tarainve, akal ditee par yaaree|

saifal malooka

kavee daa kam saahitak panraparaa noo aadarash pratimaan manake usadee andhaa dhund nakal karanaa naheen, sagon itihaasak lorraan anukool paranparaa noo navaan roop denaa hai| jiharre kisaakaar pooravale rachanaakaaraan deean rachanaavaan daa utaaraa karan vich rujhe rahe

auh kisaakaar ahimad yaar varagiaan vaang saaree umar gaal ke vee kavee vajon pravaan naheen ho sake| haafiz barakhuradaar, haamad, vaaras, haasham ate muhamad bakhas aad kisaakaaraan ne jadon aapane pooravavaratee te samakaalee kaveean dee saahitak praapatee daa dhiaan dharadiaan unhaan ton preranaa lee taan unhaan ne aapanee panraparaa noo aapane rachanaatamak amal lee bandhan naheen banan ditaa| je vaaras aapane pooravakaalee mukabal deean anekaan sataraan noo aapane kise vich hoobahoo varat ke vee vaddaa kavee ban sakiaa taan is daa kaaran vaaras de anubhav dee ameeree, drishattee dee visaalataa ate kalaakauasl dee parapakataa hee hai|

panjaabee kisaakaaraan dee mehatavapooran sathaapanaa ih hai ki kalaa iko vele viakateegat ate samaajak hundee hai| kavee doojiaan de bahaane dukh taan aapanaa hee rondaa hai, par uh haddavaratee noo jagavaratee banaa ke nijatav daa sadhaaraneekaran kar dindaa hai kadtee aapane dil dee hub baahar, kisaa dasiaa jorr paraaeaa main | muhamad boottaa gujaraatee viakateegat dukhasukh de sadhaaraneekrit roopaantaran dee ih kaavika jugat ik taan kise noo sadhaaran bhaant daa kathaabirataant naheen rahin dindee ate doojaa prem. bhagatee, sooramagatee ate tiaag aad de lokaprachalit prasang samaajak sandarabh naal jurr ke bahuarathee sanbhaavanaavaan de lakhaaeik ban jaande han| inj kavitaa kavee de viakateegat te samaajak anubhavasaar daa kalaatamak roopaantaran karan karake mahiz shabadaghaarrat naheen reh jaandee, sagon ik samarath kalaa maadhiam ban jaandee hai| panjaabee kisaakaaraan dee nazar vich utam kavitaa uhee hai jiharree baaharon sidhee padharee hundee hoee vee andaron gujheean ramajaan naal bharapoor hove| vaaras ne heer rooh te chaak kalaboot jaano ate muhamad bakhash ne baat mizaajee ramaj hakaanee, van van dee kaatthee safaraulaeishak kitaab banaaee, saif chhupee vich laatthee keh ke aapanee rachanaa noo ramaz roop vich parrhan dee hadaaeit keetee hai| kavitaa de chihanaarathee subhaa baare kisaakaar khaase suchet san | kise ne aapane kise noo gulaab daa ful kihaa hai. koee bandagee daa saadhan ate koee bhagavaan singh vaang shiar noo teer kahindaa hai|

baaneekaar ate soofee kaveean vaang panjaabee kisaakaaraan ne vee kavitaa baare roopavaadee nazaree noo rad keetaa hai| hor taan hor ahimad yaar varage reeteevaadee kaava shaasatar de samarathak kisaakaaraan ne vee manakhee dukhasukh ton sakhanee kavitaa noo kalaa manan ton inakaar keetaa hai| rasak manakhee anubhav, bhaav te vichaarabharapoor kathaa vasatoo ate gujhee ramaz dee kalaatamak jugat noo muhamad bakhash ne siar jaan kavitaa dee asal kasauattee maniaa hai

jis vich gujhee ramaz naa hove, darad mandaan de haalon

bihatar chup muhamad bakhashaa| sukhn ajehe naalon|

jo shaaeir be peeraa hove, sukhan uhade bhee rukhe

be peere theen shiar na hundaa, ag bin dhoo na dhukhe|

sukhan bhalaa jo daraden bhariaa, bin daradon kujh naaheen|

narraa kumaadaan farak rahoo daa, kiaa kaane kiaa kaaheen|

saif malook

muhamad bakhash ne bhaav te vichaar de sumel ton sakhanee sbadaghaarrat karan vaale kavee noo bepeeraa keh ke usadee rachanaa noo kavitaa manan ton inakaar keetaa hai| usane narre te kamaad de drishattaant raaheen kaav ate akaav daa nikherraa kar ditaa hai| narre te gane dee baaharalee dikh dee saanjh de baavajood andarale ras ton baanjhaa hon kaaran narraa gane vaale rutabe daa dhaaranee naheen| manakhee jeevan de sat ton koree kavitaa narre jaan kaaha kaahee samaan hai| muhamad bakhas ne bhaasaachataraaee ate chhandasuhaj noo hee kavitaa manan vaalee roopavaadee dhaaranaa daa khanddan karake kavitaa dee vasatooroop dee ekataa daa vichaar pes keetaa hai

panjaabee kisaakaav vich kavitaa noo shudh silapasaadhanaa manan dee roopavaadee ruchee vee dristteegochar hundee hai par panjaabee janamaanas vich vaaras, kaadar yaar, haasham, fazal shaah, ate muhamad bakhash varage uhee kisaakaar pravaan hoe, jinhaan ne kaavasirajanaa noo maanav jeevan de sat dee jusatajoo naal jorr ke saarathakaroop dee vasatoovaadee dhaaranaa upar pahiraa ditaa| jinhaan kaveean ne kavitaa noo sabh tarhaan de manakhee sarokaaraan ton niralep, nirol shilapaghaarrat man ke kavitaa de baaharee, roopak pakh chhand, alankaar te bhaashaachataraaee aad dee saadhanaa upar zor ditaa| uh ahimad yaar vaang anaginat kise likhake vee kaveean vich sumaar naheen ho sake taan is daa kaaran ih vee hai ki panjaabee lokamaanas ne reeteevaadee kaavachintan noo pravaan naheen keetaa| muhamad bakhas ne siarakalaa dee saar naa jaanan vaale sbadasaadhakaan noo ddoonm kahike unhaa te tanaz kasee hai

vekhovekhee baint banaavan, shiaron khabar naa paavan

es tarhaan de sifataan sitthaan, bahute ddoom banaavan|

daanishamand pachhaan karende, aamaa saar naa kaaee

lakarrahaare lain bazaaron, jo sasatee matthiaaee| saif malooka

panjaabee kisaakaav sarotaapaatthakamakh hai| prakaarajamakhataa kisaasirajanaa daa mool sarot rahee hai| vaaras, mukabal, kaadar yaar, fazal shaah, haasham, bhagavaan singh ate baag singh aad kisaakaaraan ne yaaraandosataan te saraprasataan dee faramaaeish te kise likhan de daahave keete han| panjaabee kise daa sanbodhan rasik paatthak val noo hai| isadaa ik pramaan taan ih hai ki panjaabee kisaakaaraan ne jithe aapanee rachanaa dee sanpooranataa, kalaakauashalataa te lokapravaanagee vaasate daiveemehar lee arazoee keetee uthe naal hee rasee paatthak dee praapatee dee kaamanaa vee keetee hai| paatthakasarotaa kisaakaaraan lee sanvaad dee jaagadee dhir hai, jis vaasate kisaakaaraan dee rachanaa giaan dee antim seemaa naheen| uh aapane budhavivek raaheen giaanavisataar ate bhulaan dee sodh kar sakadaa hai| khud kisaakaaraan ne paatthakasarote noo bhulaan noo nazaraandaaj karan jaan sodh lain deean arajoeean keeteean han

jithe saahibatabaa ikatthe bahisan majalas karake,

auh munasaf ho ke sukhan pachhaanan, adal taraajoo dhar ke|

yoosaf zulaikhaan, haafiz barakhuradaara

budhavaanaa age hai pukaar bhagavaan singhaa

sodh lainee heer, jithe disadaa kasoor hai|

kaavasirajanaa lee jiven lekhak daa anubhavee te pratibhaashaal honaa zarooree hai us tarhaan kaavavasatoo noo grahin karan lee paatthak daa sanvedanaseel, suhirad jaan rasik honaa zarooree hai| aadhunik kaavachintan dee ik mehatavapooran dhaaranaa ih hai ki paatthak hee paatth ttenatta noo jagaaundaa hai| bhaaratee kaavashaasatar daa ras sidhaant vee suhirad jaan rasee paatthak noo rasaarathasanchaar dee saragaram dhir pravaan karadaa hai| kaavapaatthee de mehatav dee chetaachet sojhee panjaabee kisaakaaraan noo vee see | muhamad bakhas ne aapane paatthak noo kise de saralaarathee saar utale kise dee thaan baatan deean ramazaan noo samajh ke siar de andaroonee lattenatta saar dee sanbhaal karan dee hadaaeit keetee hai

karam karo te aib chhupaao, parrho samhaalaa karake

ddoonghee nazare murr murr bujho, langh naa jaao tarake|

kare savaal fakeer muhamad, parrhane vaaliaan taaeen

rauanak kharreen naa shiar mere dee, naal adaa sunaaeen|

saif malooka

saadde dhiaan lee jo gal mehatavapooran hai uh ih hai ki sarotaapaatthakamakh hon karake panjaabee kisaa kee vaar sanaatanee kaavashaasatar deean dhaaranaavaan daa samarathan karadaa nazar aaundaa hai jiven kaav de silapavidhaan ate rasee paatthak aad dee dhaaranaa| par sanaatanee kaavasaasatar deean uh roorreean hee panjaabee kisaa kaav daa ang ban sakeean han jiharreean panjaabee lokadhaaraa daa ang ban chukeean san| sankhep vich panjaabee kisaa kaav sansakritafaarasee de sanaatanee kaavasaasatar daa sidhaa anukaran naheen karadaa, sagon is naal je isadee koee saanjh banadee hai taan uh panjaabee lokadhaaraa de zaree hee banadee hai| ihee kaaran hai ki chhandavidhaan pakhon arabeefaarasee dee sanaatanee kaavaparanparaa de prabhaav de baavajood panjaabee kisaa kaav, kaavavasatoo dee drishattee ton arabeefaarasee dee saahitakaparanparaa ate usade kaava saasatar ton asalon hee beniaaz hai|

jis tarhaan bhagatee ate soofee lahiraan ne madhakaalee sanaatanee saamantak samaajak banatar noo har muhaaz ute chunauatee ditee ate kuleen varag de sabhiaachaarak mulaan de virodh vich lokahitoo mulaan dee sirajanaa lee maaeaa de virodh vich naam, karamakaandd de virodh vich bhaavanaamoolak bhagatee, sansaarak padaarathaan te raajasee taakat de virodh vich saadhanaheen manakh dee aacharanik uchataa ate hankaare hoe fiaooddal de virodh vich sarabahitakaaree rab jihe sankalap dite| use tarhaan kisaakaav vich fiaooddal de jamaatee paintarre daa virodh ishak de sankalap raaheen hoeaa hai| kisaa saahit vich isk keval ik manakhee jazabaa hee naheen, sagon ik tarazeejindagee hai, jisadaa fiaooddal de jamaatee paintarre naal sidhaa virodh hai| ishak manakh dee chon dee aazaadee daa pakh pooradaa hai| manakh noo samaaj dee, mariaadaa dee gulaamee ton mukat karadaa hai, bande noo aazaadee de raah paaundaa hai, eise lee baaneekaaraan, soofeean ate kisaakaaraan ne ishak noo khudaa dee jaat jaan jag daa mool keh ke vaddiaaeaa hai| jiven naam aatamik padhar te bande noo maaeaa ton mukat karadaa hai, eise tarhaan ishak sansaarak padhar te manakh noo kaam ton, dooje dee gulaamee ton mukat karadaa ate samaajak padhar te chon dee sutantarataa raaheen bande noo parivaar te bhaaeechaare dee ichhaa ton mukat karadaa hai| ishak kiaunk manakh dee aazaadee daa, sarabat dee aazaadee daa raah hai, eis lee ih rab daa ditaa raah hai alhaa dee zaat hai| isade raah ute turan vaale bande aashak rab de varosaae hoe hana khudaaee bande| iaun ishak manakh dee manakhataa dee parakh daa paimaanaa hai| har janaakhanaa is raah naheen tur sakadaa, kiaunk ishak daa raah kararree aganee pareekhiaa mangadaa hai eishak naa hoe haafizaa, baajhon mauat mare jaan sir ditiaan

baajh naa ishak pake, naahee ehu sukhaaleean yaareean ve| eishak baare ih saaraa kujh aiven naheen kihaa giaa| madhakaalee samaajak vivasathaa vich isk ik vidarohee mul see; bande dee nijaat daa, sarabat dee aazaadee daa paintarraa see| is lee ih sathaapatee noo vangaaradaa see, ausadeean jarraan khurachadaa see | so ih sathaapatee noo pravaan naheen see ho sakadaa| iho kaaran hai ki saadde kisiaan vich premeenaaeik peeraan de thaaparre ate kaazee de kaanoon dee najr vich jit ke vee haarade han| kisaakaaraan ne ishak noo dukhaant roop vich chitar ke us vele deean dohaan virodhee jamaataan de ttakaraau dee sahee tasaveer pes keetee hai| aaskaan dee haar ate sareerak mauat noo unhaan dee naitik jit vajon chitar ke kisaakaaraan ne itihaasak veg vich kuleen varag dee sanbhaavee haar val vee sanket keetaa hai| aaskaan dee sareerak mauat baad unhaan daa roohaanee mel sanketak roop vich fiaooddal dee, ausade paintarre dee haar hai|

eis saaree charachaa daa saaratat ih hai ki madhakaalee panjaabee kavitaa chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare de baavajood jiven sathaapat fiaooddal banatar de har ang de virodh vich usaaroo te lokahitamukhee manakhee keemataan dee sirajanaa karadee hai, ause tarhaan ih sathaapat suhajasankalapaan daa suchet nakaaran karake naven saahitak maanadanddaan dee sirajanaa karadee hai| madhakaalee kaavachintan dee vaddiaaee ih hai ki ih kalaa noo manakh de samaajak, naitik, raajasee ate paaragaamee sarokaaraan ton tarundd ke naheen dekhadaa|

5

adhiaatamavaadee vishavadristtee, singh sabhaaee vichaaraan de prachaar de manorath, kaav dee dibaprakiratee te aavesh sidhaant de samarathan ate guramatakaav vaalee sbadaavalee dee varaton aad kaaranaan karake kujh aalochakaan valon bhaaee veer singh de kaavachintan noo gurabaanee de kaavachintan daa anusaaree maniaa jaandaa hai| par gurabaanee de ulatt bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa vich samakaalee raajasee sangharas ate samaajak sarokaaraan pratee vitarek dee mudaraa apanaaee gee hai| aapanee adhiaatamavaadee kaava dristtee ate apasaaravaadee ruchee kaaran bhaaee veer singh manakhee samasiaavaan daa samaadhaan itihaasakasamaajak sandarabh dee thaan adhiaatamak naitik dharaatal upar hee karadaa hai| uh aapane mahaankaav raanaa soorat singh ate gangaa raam te funddiaa totaa aad kavitaavaan vich samakaalee sikh bhaaeechaare noo darapesh raajasee sankatt de itihaasak yathaarath noo usade mool sandarabh vich raajasee nukate ton pes karan dee thaan usade paramaarathee pakh noo ujaagar karake mool itihaasakasamaajak sandarabh ton udaaseenataa

dee mudaraa aapanaa laindaa hai je gangaa raam kavitaa vich uh manakh dee aazaadee dee taangh noo samoohak manakhee sangharash duaaraa praapat karan dee thaan aradaas dee adhiaatamak jugat duaaraa mukatee praapat karan upar bal dindaa hai taan funddiaa totaa lahiraan de haara kavitaa vich uh aazaadee lee taanghade manakh noo jaabaraan age sir sutt den dee salaah dindaa hai|

paa naa totiaa rolaa te shor ethe

dhauan sutt te dharaa samaa veeraa|

samakaalee samaajak sarokaaraan pratee udaaseenataa uh buniaadee tath hai jo bhaaee veer singh dee kaav dee gurabaanee naalon vakharataa noo sapashatt karadaa hai| mool sandarabh adhiaatamak hon ate chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare de baavajood gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa vich manakh de samaajak sarokaaraan noo anaddatth naheen keetaa giaa| gurabaanee ate panjaabee soofee kavitaa vich saaraa bal paramaatamaa de maanaveekaran raaheen usanoo manakhee jeevan de nigar sach vajon pravaan karavaaun ute hai| par is de ulatt bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa vich pramaatamaa nigar manakhee anubhav daa visaa banan dee thaan niraa noor jaan anaddatthaa rasadaataa ate sansaar manakhee amalaan dee dharamasaal banan dee thaan varajatavaarree banake reh jaandaa hai| gurabaanee vich jithe lokik jagat noo manakhee amalaan dee dharamasaal kahike hasandiaan kheddandiaan vich hoe mukat. dee dhaaranaa anusaar sabh rasaankasaan noo naitik sanjam vich rahindiaan maanan dee pravaanagee ditee gee hai, authe bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa vich manakhee akaakhiaavaan de sanpooran daman daa upadesh ditaa giaa hai| gurabaanee de vipareet jo bhaaee veer singh de kaava chintan vich kaav daa sirajanasarot nigar manakhee anubhav ate kaavaprayojan naitika samaajak zinmevaaree noo naheen maniaa giaa taan is daa kaaran uh vitarekataa vaadee ruchee hai jisadaa aadhaar guramat darasn naheen, sagon vedaant daa apasaaravaadee niravaratee maarag hai| samaajak apasaar daa ih vedaantee maarag us samen dee sikh burajuaazee daa vichaaradhaarak hathiaar see, jis dee ttek barataanavee saamaraaj naal sangharash dee thaan samajhauate upar see| ise karake ddaa. ravindar singh ravee ne bhaaee veer singh noo utthadee sikh burajuaazee daa vichaaradhaarak bulaaraa kihaa hai jo gurabaanee de asale saara dee thaan usade saral arathaan ate inakalaabee amal dee thaan keval sansathaagat rahureet dee paalanaa pratee ruchit see|

beshak poorabee ate pachhamee daarasnik, dharamashaasataree ate saahitasabhiaachaarak paranparaavaan ne pooran singh dee kavitaa ate kaavasaasataree chintan noo prabhaavit keetaa,

par uh kise vee paranparaa de gaaddee raah ute turan ton inakaaree hai| us duaaraa chhandaabandee daa tiaag praapat kaavaparanparaa ton kise bhaavuk vidaroh daa sittaa naheen sagon suchet vidaroh daa soochak hai| us dee sirajanaatamak suchetanaa daa pramaanapooran naath jogee, sohanee dee jhugee, gaaragee, heer te raanjhaa ate sohanee daa but aad kavitaavaan han, jinhaan vich uh panjaabee sabhiaachaar vich pravaanit mithaan noo naven arath pradaan karadaa hai| pooran singh suchet kavee ate kaavashaasataree hai ate usadaa kaavachintan gurabaanee ate rumaanttik kaavasaasatar ton praapat antaradristteean ute adhaarit hai| adhiaatamavaadee dristtee kaaran uh kavitaa noo dibataa de zahoor daa naan dindaa hai ate sirajan dee prakiriaa noo achet rehasamee kaaraj vajon pravaan karadaa hai| rumaanttikataa de prabhaav kaaran uh sirajanaa dee prakiriaa vich manakhee yatan dee bhaageedaaree noo taan pravaan karadaa hai, par sirajanaa de amal noo suchet manakhee karam dee thaan aakhamuhaaree sahijasirajanaa daa naan dindaa hai| bhaaee veer singh naalon usadee vakharataa ih hai ki uh dharam de sansathaamoolak pakh dee thaan viakateegat aatamak anubhav upar bal de ke rehasavaadee kavitaa vich vee ik maanavavaadee paasaar paidaa kar laindaa hai| usade hathaan vich aa ke panjaabee kavitaa sanparadaaeik, dhaaramik udesh dee adheenagee de bandhan ton mukat hundee hai| usadee maanavavaadee dristtee lee maanavee sandarabh ton vichhuniaa naa rab pravaan hai, naa dharam ate naa kalaa| uh dharam te manakhee kirat vaang kalaa daa prayojan vee manakh dee aatamapachhaan, aatamasutantarataa ate aatamauthaan noo hee manadaa hai| uh bhaaee veer singh de vipareet manakhee akaankhiaavaan de daman dee thaan nirabandhan sutantarataa daa pakh pooradaa hai| misaal vajon us duaaraa sirajat pooran naath jogee ate gaaragee aad kaav paataraan noo dekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai| ih paatar har tarhaan de sabhiaachaarak, ate mariyaadaagat bandhanaan noo asaveekaar karade hoe manakh dee prakritak khulh dee ichhaa noo moorateemaan karade han| pooran naath jogee har tarhaan de paranparak rishate noo hee asaveekaar naheen karadaa, sagon raanee sundaraan de sache piaar noo vee aapanee aazaadee lee bandhan vajon dekhadaa hai| sansathaagat sanjam de ghere andar us noo piaar jihaa jajbaa vee kaid najr aaundaa hai sundaraan raanee, auche piaar vaaleekhoh naa khulh meree, piaar teraa suchaa, main manadaanpar jeea ghabaraaundaa, aakaash dee baahaan noo chhadd ke tere baaheen painaamainoo sabh kujh kaid jihee disadee | khalhe maidaana gaaragee dee aazaad rooh noo kaparriaan daa kajan vee gavaaraa naheen, ausadee dhuron aazaad aatamaa tarrap ke kook utthadee hai, koorr kaparre paandaasabh kaparraa koorr koorr hai| je pro pooran singh noo manakh duaaraa sirajiaa sabhiaachaarak sanjam vee bandhan nazar aaundaa hai taan

eis daa kaaran keval usadee rumaanttik tabeeat naheen, ausadee kavitaa vichalee manakh dee prakiratak aazaadee noo maanan dee ih sur samakaalee kauamee aajaadee dee akaankhiaa dee hee prateekaatamak dhunee hai| pooran singh dee kavitaa murr pashoo theen dee lochaa hee paidaa naheen karadee, sagon aatamasojhee raaheen aapanaa mul paaun dee chetanaa vee jagaaundee hai|

deevaan singh kaale paanee dee kavitaa ate kaavachintan daa mukh sarokaar manakhee jeevan daa lokik sach hai| usade kaavasansaar vich rab je gairahaazar naheen taan ghatto ghatt kendaree shakatee vee naheen| usade maanav kendar chintan noo manakhee jeevan de lauakik sach ton pare daa koee sach pravaan hee naheen| us anusaar kaavasirajanaa daa prerak naa koee aad skatee hai naa koee paraamanakhee anubhav| kaav naa kavee lee mukatee hai, naa paatthak de rogavinaash daa saadhan, sagon ih dohaan vaasate kaarajasheel ho ke jeevan naal jurran daa us noo samajhan te badalan daa vaseelaa hai| uh chetan padhar te samaajaka raajasee masaliaan ton udaaseen rahin vaalee rehasavaadee kaav paranparaa age prasn chin laaundaa hai ate pooran singhee rumaans vaalee kaavaparanparaa vich vee katt maaradaa hai| usade praves naal aadhunik panjaabee kavitaa samaajakaraajasee sarokaaraan naal dasatapanjaa lain lee ahuladee hai| uh panjaabee kavitaa ate kaavachintan noo rehas ate rumaans ton mukat karake ihanaan noo yathaarathak dharaatal pradaan karadaa hai|

kauamee aazaadee de sangharash kaaran paidaa hoe raajasee maahaual ate vigiaanak chetanaa de vikaas kaaran sarab bhaaratee pragateesheel lekhak sangh 1936 ee. dee sathaapanaa ton pahilaan hee panjaabee vich raajaneetak ate pragateevaadee rang dee kavitaa likhee jaan lag pee see, jisane kaavasirajanaa de naal naal kaavashaasataree chintan noo vee prabhaavit keetaa| saamantee bhaavasansakaaraan, rumaanttik sanvedanaa ate madhashrenik rucheean kaaran pahile parraa de pragateevaadee kavee madhakaaleen kaavachintan ate rumaanttik kaavasaasatar ton praapat antaradristteean noo ral gadd karade rahe| par jiaun jiaun pragateevaadee chetanaa daa vikaas hundaa giaa te madhavaragee rumaans dee dhund ghattadee gee; eih kavee vadhere yathaarathamukhee hunde ge ate ihanaan daa pooravakaalee kaavaparanparaa ton mohabhang hundaa giaa, tiaun tiaun ihanaan dee kavitaa vich shingaar rasee kaavaparanparaa ate rumaanttik kaavasaasatar ton vidaroh dee sur uchee hundee gee|

raajaneetak jaagaran dee upaj hon kaaran pragateevaadee panjaabee kavitaa aapane aaranbh ton hee pooravalee kaavaparanparaa ate kaavachintan naal suchet sanvaad rachaaundee

hai| isanoo pooravalee rehasavaadee ate samakaalee rumaanttik kaavaparanparaa ate kaava shaasatar daa rachanaatamik nikhedh kahinaa hee uchit hai| suchet tauar te antararaasttaree kamiaunisatt lahir ate maarakasavaadee darasn ton prabhaavit hon kaaran is daa kaavachintan motte tauar te maarakasavaadee saahitachintan upar hee adhaarit hai, par is noo us daa samaanaarathee kahinaa uchit naheen| kiaunk saadde desh de prasang vich pragateevaadee saahitak lahir udaaravaadee, maanavavaadee ate maarakasee soch vaale lekhakaan daa saanjhaa muhaaz see| is saahitak lahir vich ajehe lekhak vee shaamal san, jiharre yathaarath de adhiain jaan vishalesn lee maarakasavaad noo aapane chintan daa aadhaar naheen banaaunde| pragateevaadee saahitak lahir dee visestaa isadee itihaasa mukh pahunch karake hee naheen, sagon itihaas de kraanteekaaree sankalap karake hai| pragateevaadee drishattee itihaas noo rehasavaadeean vaang sadaa sathir gateeheen varataaraa naheen manadee, sagon itihaas de hor changere te uchere rukh de vikaas dee kalapanaa karadee hai| pragateevaadee kaavachintan anusaar kaavasirajanaa suchet manakhee amal hai, jis daa aadhaarasarot itihaasaka samaajak anubhavasaar de mukh davandaan dee suchetanaa hai | kaav, naa dibataa daa zahoor hai, naa berok bhaavauchhaalaa, naa bhaavavirechan ate naa hee koee shilapaghaarrat | pragateevaadee kaveean ne kaavasirajanaa noo manakh dee kirataprakiriaa de ik vises roop vajon pravaan keetaa hai| pragateevaadee kavitaa vich kaav noo daivee ilahaam manan dee thaan kaava sirajanaprakiriaa dee viaakhiaa maarakasee samaajasaasatar ate varaaeiddayag de manovislesn saasatar deean dhaaranaavaan anusaar hoee hai| kraanteekaaree samaajak parivaratan de aadaras noo samarapit hon kaaran pragatee vaadee kavitaa vich kaavasirajanaa noo shaasatar sanvaada ate shasatar vichaaradhaarak hathiaara de arathaan vich pravaan keetaa giaa hai| sanaatanee ate roopavaadee kaavashaasatar de vipareet pragateevaadee kaveean ne vichaaradhaarak prachaar ate naahare noo kaavasanrachanaa de anikharr ang vajon pravaan keetaa| lokapakhee skateean ate kraantee de raajasee aadaras noo paranaaee hon kaaran pragateevaadee kavitaa daa saral, sanchaaramukhee ate lokamuhaavare de anukool honaa anivaaree see| pragateevaadee kaveean ne samen dee mang anusaar reeteevaadee bhula bhalaaeean ate roopakasuhaj dee thaan sidhee padharee lokakaavik shailee de mehatav noo pravaan keetaa| pragateevaadee kaavachintan kavee noo siaasee filaasafar jaan samaajasaasataree man ke usadee lokapakhee skateean naal pratibadhataa ate samaajak sangharas vich smooleeat noo zarooree manadaa hai| ihanaan arathaan vich pragateevaadee saahitak lahir noo madhakaaleen bhagatee lahir dee bauadhik vaaras kahinaa hee uchit hai| madh srenik

viakateevaadee anubhav, saamantee bhaavasansakaaraan dee jakarr, kiratee varag naal oparee hamadaradee ate maarakasavaadee vichaaradhaaraa dee satahee samajh kaaran bhaaven mudtale parraa de pragateevaadee kavee kraanteekaaree saar vaale kaavauchaar dee sirajanaa ton asamarath rahe, par maarakasee vichaaradhaaraa de chetaachet prabhaav, khabe pakhee raajaneetee te janatak sangatthanaan de ubhaar kaaran paidaa hoee raajaneetak chetanaa ate kauamee aazaadee dee lahir naal ubhare lokamuhaaj de bhaaroo hon kaaran is parraa dee pragateevaadee kavitaa daa muhaavaraa lokahit mukhee, ausaaroo ate dharamanirapekh hai| nirasandeh, eisadaa aapanaa itihaasak mehatav hai| pragateevaadee kaavidhaaraa bhaaratee madhavarag dee usaaroo ruchee daa rachanaatamak pratiautar hai, jisane aapane yug de buniaadee samaajakasansakritak sarokaaraan dee saadhanaa noo kalaa sirajanaa dee kasauattee pravaan keetaa|

amritaamohan singh peerrhee dee rumaanttik pragateevaadee kaavadhaaraa de madh shrenik rumaansavaad, makaanakee duharaa ate kalaaheen naaharebaazee vaale kaavauchaar de rachanaatamak nikhedh vajon paidaa hoee prayogavaadee kaavadhaaraa panjaabee kavitaa dee ajehee pahilee suchet kaavik lahir hai, jis kaav vich sirajan ate kaavachintan ik dooje de samavith turan daa yatan karade han| samakaalee kaavaparanparaa ate kaav chintan ton aapane vidaroh noo suchet sangatthan vich sangatthit karake prayogavaadee kaveean ne sirajanaa ate sameekhiaa de naven maapadandd sathaapat karan daa suchet yatan keetaa| is kaavidhaaraa daa suchet manorath sanatee yug de naven yathaarath de kalaatamak pragattaa de naalanaal kaav dee hondavidhee noo giaanashaasataree padhar te samajh ke aapane vilakhan kaava saasatar dee usaaree see| prayogavaadee kaveean ne paranparaa, prayog, prayogasheelataa, ate aatamapragattaa aad shabadaan noo vises kaavasaasataree sankalapaan vajon varatiaa ate paribhaast keetaa| parapanraa ton uhanaan daa bhaav saanjhe lachhan rakhadeean parapak hoeean saahitak roorreean de duharaau ton hai, jo navasirajanaa lee galaghottoo sidh hundee hai| prachalit saahitak roorreean de makaanakee duharaau de suchet virodh noo uh prayogasheelataa kahinde han| prayog noo uhanaan ne kavee ate paatthak vichakaar bhaav chetanaa dee saanjh paidaa karan vaale kalaatamak saadhan vajon pravaan keetaa| prayogavaadee kavee jadon kalaa noo aatamapragattaa daa saadhan kahinde han taan uhanaan daa aatam ton bhaav kalaakaar de nijatav ton naheen| uh aatam vich kalaakaar de nij te par jaan vishes ate viaapak dohaan noo saamal samajhade han| aatam baare uhanaan dee dhaaranaa heegal de chonacharette universala sankalap ute adhaarit hai, jis anusaar viakatee vishes naal sanbandhat hon kaaran anubhav daa subhaa nijee hai, par kalaakaar ih anubhav

kiaunk samaajak jeevan vichon hee grahin karadaa hai, eis lee uh samoohik jaan sarav viaapee hai| kaav noo vichaaradhaarak prachaar daa saadhan manan dee pragateevaadee dhaaranaa daa virodh karadiaan prayogavaadee kaveean ne is gal upar zor ditaa ki kaav sangatthan de dooje tataan vaang vichaaradhaaraa vee kaavasanrachanaa daa ik tat hee hundee hai| vichaaradhaaraa kavee de anubhav ate nukataanigaah de roop vich kavitaa de paittaran vich is tarhaan ramee hundee hai ki is noo kaav sangatthan de kise angaansh vajon nikherriaa naheen jaa sakadaa| eis lee kaav sirajanaa vich vichaaradhaaraa dee lorr takaneekee kaaranaan karake hundee hai, prachaar lee naheen| prayogavaadee kaveean ne jithe saahit noo vasatooyathaarath daa saral pratibinb manan dee pragateevaadee dhaaranaa daa virodh keetaa, authe uhanaan ne samakaalee pragateevaadee kaavadhaaraa noo ih keh ke rad keetaa ki ih kaavadhaaraa panjaab de tezee naal badalade aarathak aadhaar ate usade falasaroop samaajak parausaar vich drishatteegochar ho raheean tabadeeleean noo pragattaaun ton asamarath hai| sanatee yug de is naven yathaarath noo roopamaan karan lee yathaarath grahin deean naveean vidheean ate naven kaavik prayogaan dee lorr hai| panjaab de samakaalee yathaarath noo yoorap de sanatee tauar te atavikasat desaan de jeevanayathaarath de anuroop manan dee prayogavaadee kaveean dee parikalapanaa daa aadhaar panjaab de itihaasak veg dee sojhee naheen sagon yoottopeean dhaaranaa hai| prayogavaadee lahir de vigatthan ton teeh saal baad aj vee panjaab vich mahaanagaree jeevan te sabhiaachaar de ansmaatar darasn naheen hunde| shiree madh srenee de kaveean dee sirajanaa hon kaaran prayogavaadee kavitaa daa vadderaa hisaa aadhunik mahaanagaree jeevan de sahim, kuntthaa. vishaad, visangatee, niraashaa, bevasee ate santaap de karunaarathee chitaran tak seemat rihaa hai| aadhunik sanatee yug de naven mahaan nagaree yathaarath de bahuparatee ate bahupaasaaree sach noo usadee sanpooran jattilataa sahit pragattaaun de saare daahaviaan de baavajood ih kaavadhaaraa aapanee aatama mukhee drishattee kaaran manoyathaarath de chitaran tak seemat rahee hai| par isadeean aapaneean seemaavaan de baavajood isadee ik praapatee ih rahee hai ki isane amritaa mohan singh peerrhee dee kavitaa de rumaanttik tat val dhiaan duaa ke panjaabee kaveean noo puraanee bhaant de rumaansavaad de tiaag ate yathaarath mukhee hon lee preriaa| is kaavadhaaraa daa mool prerak somaa panjaab daa samakaalee yathaarath ate usade itihaasak veg dee sojhee naheen, jiven isade sanchaalak daahavaa karade han, sagon isadaa aadhaar vishav dee aadhunikataavaadeekaav dhaaraa hai, jisadee agavaaee ttee. ais. eeleeatt ate aizaraa paaundd varage burajuaa kavee ate kaavashaasataree karade han| prayogavaadee

kaav chintan dee mukh kamazoree isadaa savaivirodhee, aatamanishatt ate anavigiaanak subhaa hai| suchet tauar te maarakasavaadee kaavasaasataree muhaavare noo sathaapat karan de parade uhale ih kaveechintak aapanee madhavaragee sanvedanaa ate asatitavavaadee dristtee kaaran maarakasee kaavachintan ate rumaanttik kaavasaasatar deean dhaaranaavaan noo ralagadd karade rahe han| kaav noo asalon naven arathaan vich aatam pragattaa daa saadhan man ke, vasatoo yathaarath dee thaan manoyathaarath ate nimanachetanaa dee peshakaaree upar bal de ke ate kavee de vaadamukat rahin dee burajuaa koottaneetee daa samarathan karake ih kavee chintak naa keval maarakasavaadee kaavasaasatar de kalaa dee samaajak pratibadhataa vaale naitik paintarre ton hee mukh morr lainde han, sagon lukaven dtang naal aadhunikataavaadee saahitachintan deean dhaaranaavaan noo sathaapat karan daa yatan karade han| darasal prayogavaadee kaavadhaaraa patanasheel madhavaragee maanasikataa daa vichaaradhaarak pragattaavaa hai, jo aapane yug de buniaadee samaajakasaansakritak sarokaaraan noo mukhaatib hon dee thaan uhanaan pratee vitarek dee mudaraa apanaa ke varatamaan vivasathaa noo jiaun daa tiaun bahaal rakhan lee yatanasheel rahee hai| is lahir de sanchaalak jasabeer singh aahaloovaaleea daa ih viangaarathee kaavakathan khud is kaavadhaaraa upar hee viang ho nibarriaa hai

kiaun sakhaapat keemataan vich vighan daa doshee banaan

peengh de rase ton vee jad ddar rihaa|

pragateevaadee kaavadhaaraa vaang jujhaarakaavadhaaraa de mool sarokaar vee raajaneetak ate saansakritak san| nakasalavaarree raajaneetak andolan ton prerit ate prabhaavit hon kaaran is kaavadhaaraa de adhikatar kaveean daa pahilaa manorath raajaneetak kraantee see, kaav sirajanaa taan is aadarash dee praapatee lee manakhee chetanaa ate siaasee saragaramee noo prachandd karan daa vaseelaa maatar hee see| bhaaven is kaavadhaaraa de bahu ginatee kaveean dee pahilee vafaa raajaneetak kraantee pratee see, par fer vee uh ik vilakhan kaavauchaar dee sijaranaa karan vich safal rahe| jujhaar kaavadhaaraa nakasalavaadee lahir de raajaneetak niraniaan dee kaavikadasatavez naheen| fer vee is daa vadderaa hisaa nakasalavaadee raajaneetee ton aapanee vichaaradhaarak sedh ate shakatee praapat karadaa rihaa hai| is lee is gal ton inakaar naheen keetaa jaa sakadaa ki nakasalavaadee lahir de siaasee niraniaan ne jujhaar kaavadhaaraa de kaavavasatoo ate kaavasaasataree chintan noo ik navaan vichaaradhaarak paripekh pradaan keetaa| jujhaar kavitaa vich, kavee dee raajaneetak bhoomikaa ate samaajak sangharash vich usadee sidhee bhaageedaaree

noo saveekaar keetaa giaa| hathiaar band sangharash duaaraa tat fatt raajasee kraantee de aadaras naal vadhere suhiradataa naal jurre hon kaaran jujhaar kaveean ne kavee noo loka hit lee joojhade gureele de roop vich ate kavitaa noo shasatar de arathaan vich pravaan keetaa| lokayadh vich bandookadhaaree yodhe vaang saragaram bhoomikaa nibhaaun dee kavee dee is naveen zinmevaaree ne kaav ate yathaarath de aapasee sanbandhaan baare paranparak dhaaranaa noo ik navaan paripekh pradaan keetaa| jujhaar kaav vich kaavasirajanaa noo yathaarath jaan manoyathaarath de pragattaa maadhiam dee bajaae yathaarath noo gateesheel karan jaan kraanteekaaree disaa pradaan karan vaale vichaaradhaarak saadhan vajon saveekaariaa giaa | jujhaar kaveean ne samakaalee kavitaa ate kaavachintan vich bhaaroo burajuaa rujhaan noo tthal paaun lee har khetar de burajuaa sabhiaachaarak mulaan de tiaag lee vidarohee sur apanaaeaa te kraanteekaaree vichaaradhaarak paintarre anukool naven jeevanamalaan ate suhajasankalapaan dee siranjanaa keetee| jujhaar kaveean dee kraanteemukh itihaasak chetanataa sosnakaaree ate damanakaaree burajooaa prabandh pratee nafarat, roh, beprateetee ate asaveekritee daa rukh ikhatiaar karadee hai| burajuaa dtaanche de jarrh khokhale ate amaanavee mulaan ton vidaroh daa ih sur sanasaneekhez muhaavare ate rodar bhaashaa noo janam dindaa hai| burajuaa dtaanche de har roop noo tahisanahis karake samaajavaadee samaaj dee sathaapanaa de aadaras noo pranaae hon kaaran jujhaar kaveean ne suchet tauar te sathaapat jeevan mulaan daa dahishatee visafott keetaa| jujhaar kaveean ne desh, desh piaar, bhaarat, kauameeat, jamahooreeat, kaanoon, sanvidhaan, jang, aman, vott, paaraleemaintt, niaan paalakaa, kauamee tthanddaa, shaheed, kavitaa, shabad, suhaj ate kavee dee viakateegat sutantarataa aad shabadaansankalapaan de sathaapat arathaan noo visafottak padhar te asaveekaar keetaa| burajuaa jeevanakeemataan, vishavaasaan ate chinhakaan daa ih suchet nakaaran darasal sataa ute kaabaz poonjeepatee varag de us vichaaradhaarak paintarre daa nakaaran hai, jis raaheen uh aapane jamaatee hitaan anukool siraje saansakritak mulaan noo lokaaee dee vichaaradhaaraa vajon pesh karadaa hai| lokachetanaa uton kaabaz kalachar dee vichaaradhaarak dhoorr laahun lee jujhaar kaveean ne burajuaa mulaan de dahishatee visafott de naal naal kaaoonttar kalachar dee sirajanaa keetee| uhanaan ne aapane sabhiaachaarak virase de usaaroo pakhaan de punarasirajan duaaraa ik taan kaava sirajanaa noo vadhere sanchaarayukat banaaeaa ate doojaa, aapane itihaasak virase noo kraantee de preranaabinb vajon sathaapat keetaa| jujhaar kavitaa dee kraanteekaaree bhoomikaa burajuaasabhiaachaarak mulaan ate suhaj sankalapaan naal dasatapanjaa lain karake hai| jisadaa chetan udesh aam lokaaee noo burajuaazee de kalaasankalapaan dee keel ton mukat

karake kalaa de kraanteekaaree vidhaan noo pravaan karaaunaa hai| kavitaa jaan kalaa samaajak parasathiteean vich kraanteekaaree parivaratan lee padaarathak shakateean daa badal naheen ban sakadee, par ih itihaasak veg dee sahee sojhee duaaraa samaajak vivasathaa de changere ate usaaroo badal dee sirajanaa dee preranaa den dee bhoomikaa nibhaa sakadee hai| ise lee maarakasavaadee suhajashaasatar vich zor de ke kihaa giaa hai ki kraanteekaaree tarak dee pahilee srat burajuaajee noo usadee kalaa ton naheen, sagon us de kalaasankalapaan ton vaanjhiaan karanaa hai| jujhaar kavee paash ne aapane samakaalee burajuaa kaavachintakaan noo tanazeea andaaj vich kihaa see, ki maithon aas naa rakhio ki main khetaan daa put ho ketuhaadde chagale hoe suaadaan dee gal karaangaa| saadde samiaan vicha samakaalee panjaabee kavitaa vich, aam lokaaee de manaan uton burajuaa kalaa sankalapaan ate vichaaradhaarak paintarre dee chhatt laahun dee ih kraanteekaaree bhoomikaa nirasandeh jujhaar kaveean ne hee nibhaaee|

bhaaee veer singh daa kaavachintan

bhaaee veer singh yugapravaratak saahitakaar see| usane naa keval panjaabee saahit sagon aadhunik panjaab de itihaas vich sabhiaachaarak punarajaagratee de doot vaalee bhoomikaa nibhaaee| usadee shakhaseeat enee tejasavee ate likhataan eneean vichaar utejak san ki unhaan ne panjaabee saahit, panjaabee bhaashaa, panjaabee sabhiaachaar ate sikh dharam de aadhunikeekaran de amal noo bhavakhamukhee dishaa ditee| panjaab dee aarathikataa, raajaneetee, dharam, bhaashaaneetee ate vidiak neetee noo aadhunik nuhaar den lee bhaaee veer singh ne anekaan sansathaavaan de niramaan vich jhanddaabaradaar vaalee bhoomikaa nibhaaee| barataanavee saamaraaj valon dharam, raajaneetee, aarathikataa ate sabhiaachaarak khetar vich darapesh chunauateean daa mukaabalaa karan lee bhaaee veer singh ne cheef khaalasaa deevaan, khaalasaa ttraikatt susaaeittee, panjaab aindd sindh baink, sikh aijookeshanal susaaeittee, sainttaral khaalasaa prachaarak vidiaalaa, sainttaral khaalasaa yateem khaanaa ate sainttaral sooramaa singh aasharam aad sansathaavaan de niramaan vich yogadaan ditaa| inhaan sansathaavaan ne aapaneean itihaasak seemaavaan de baavajood barataanavee saamaraaj dee aarathik, sabhiaachaarak ate bhaashaaee te vidiak neetee noo sidhee chunauatee ditee| bhaaven bhaaee veer singh ne saragaram raajaneetee vich hisaa naheen liaa, par us deean likhataan akaalee ate kauamee aazaadee dee lahir lee preranaa sarot baneean| ise karake angarej sarakaar deean khufeean reeporattaan vich usanoo barataanavee sarakaar daa virodhee te baagee sikh netaa guradaaniaa giaa| adhiaatamavaadee vishavadristtee, madhashrenik sansakaaraan ate aapane aatamamagan te ekaantapremee subhaa kaaran bhaaven bhaaee veer singh ne aapanee saragaramee sikh panth de paramaarathak masaliaan val kendarat rakhee, par uh is galon suchet see ki kise vee kauam daa paramaarathak ate bauadhik vikaas usadee padaarathak unatee binaan sanbhav naheen| khaalasaa samaachaar de sanpaadakee lekhaan ate khaalasaa ttraikatt susaaeittee duaaraa

prakaashit anekaan ttaikattaa vich bhaaee veer singh ne aapanee is sabhiaachaarak suchetanaa daa pramaan ditaa hai| sikh panth de mauajoodaa nighaar lee uh keval angarezaan noo hee dosee naheen tthahiraaundaa, sagon sikhaan noo vee aapane andar jhaat maaran lee kahindaa hai| dhaaramik punarajaagaran deean samakaalee bhaaratee lahiraan vaang uh keval aatama rakhiaa daa paintarraa apanaaun dee salaah naheen dindaa, sagon dooje dharamaan, kauamaan ate sabhiaachaaraan naal usaaroo sanvaad daa mashavaraa dindaa hai| jadon uh kahindaa hai ki samaan dhake daa naheen akal daa hai taan usadaa ishaaraa darapes chunauateean de haanee banan lee aapane bauadhik ate padaarathak vikaas baare punaravichaar dee lorr val hai| sikh panth dee aatamak ameeree, panjaab dee vidiak te bhaashaaee neetee ate aarathikataa dee nava usaaree lee usade fikar kine vadde ate suhirad san, eisadaa pramaan usadeean ih ttipaneean han

aunatee do prakaar dee hundee hai vivahaarak ate paramaarathak| paramaarathak unatee ton binaan kauam daa bananaa ate kaaeim rahinaa asanbhav hai te vivahaarak unatee binaa tarakee ar attalataa naheen ho sakadee| hun aseen aapanee khaalasaa kauam val vekhee taan dohaan paasiaan valon garaau bhaasadaa hai| pahilee gal vaasate taan akhabaaraan, aupadeshak, ttaraikatt ar dhaaramik kametteean kujh yatan karadeean han, par vivahaarak tarakee vaasate koshis naheen ho rahee khaalasaa kauam vich har pese de puras naheen milade| do chaar baataan par saaddee rottee daa sahaaraa hai| pahile khetee baarree, dooje fauajee nauakaree, teejee kirat kaareegaree, chauathe vapaar jo keval naamaatar hai| inhaan chauahaan paasiaan vich singhaan noo tarakee karanee chaaheedee hai| kiaunk ih kam jo aseen karade haan kachepale karade haan. changee tarhaan naheen karade| fauajee jeevan taan saaddaa beshak utam hai, par khetee baarree, kaareegaree ate vapaar barre nikame han| jinee zameen vichon singh jimeedaar 10 rupe dee paidaavaar kadtade han yoorap te amareekaa vich usaton duganee karade han| kaaran ih hai ki unhaan ne is vishe noo changee tarhaan samajh liaa hai| ar aseen lakeer de fakeer bane hoe puraane dasatooraan ute akhaan meettee ture jaande haan|

eesaaeean ne hindosataan vich jinhaan tareekiaa naal pair pasaare, aunhaan vichon ik tareekaa potheean, parache, ttaraikatt chhaap ke vanddane daa hai| jithe eesaaeean daa dderaa lagaa hoaoo, authe unhaan de pusatak bhanddaar zaroor milade han, jis ton saabat hundaa hai ki uh aapaneean pusatakaan noo kiddaa zarooree samajhade han| aareean val tako, jithe aareea samaaj uthe aareea pusatakaan| brahamooaan val tako jithe

brahamo samaaj uthe brahamo dharam deean pusatakaan, hun aapane val tako jithe singh sabhaa uthe. ... | udarit ddaa. baladev singh dhaaleevaal, bhaaee veer singh dee kaavadrishattee, pane 35, 36

bhaaee veer singh sikhapanth noo samarapit mishanaree lekhak see| panth dee aatamik ameeree lee usane sikh vidiak neetee noo gharran, vidiak sansathaavaan de niramaan ate sikhaan vich potheekalachar bookachulatture de prasaar lee ahim yogadaan ditaa| panth dee padaarathak unatee lee usane panjaab dee paranparaagat utapaadan pranaalee noo badalan ate naveen poonjeevaadee utapaadan pranaalee noo apanaaun upar zor ditaa| panjaab de saramaae noo baahar jaan ton rokan lee panjaab aindd sindh baink dee sathaapanaa vich usadaa ahim yogadaan see| panjaab de punaraniramaan lee usadaa yogadaan enaa usaaroo, bhavakhamukhee ate bahuaayaamee see ki uh aapanee saahitakaaree de udaikaal vich hee sikh bhaaeechaare andar santashiromanee vajon pravaan ho giaa| pro. pooran singh, sant singh sekhon ate mulakh raaj aanand aad chintakaan ne usanoo panjaab dee nava jaagratee daa prateek keh ke vaddiaaeaa hai, jisane panjaabee janamaanas, panjaabee bhaashaa ate panjaabee saahit noo naveen skatee ate navaan veg ditaa| usade naam naal jurriaa bhaaee saahib bhaaee daa lakab sikh bhaaeechaare vich usadee lokapriyataa ate us pratee sharadhaa daa soochak hai| is sradhaa te satikaar ne jithe usadee skhaseeat ate rachanaa noo visaal padhar te maanataa duaaee uthe sradhaa daa ih aabhaamanddal usadee skhseeat ate rachanaa de anekaan pakhaan de ujaagar hon de raah vich rorraa vee baniaa|

bhaaee veer singh de samaajak ate saahitak sarokaaraan baare gal karadiaan is pakhon suchet rahin dee vee zaroorat hai ki aapane itihaasak yogadaan de baavajood uh aapane yug de sankattaan, vichaaradhaarak davandaan, kraanteean, maanasik ate bhaavuk poorava grahi, chetaachet jaatee sansakaaraan ate shrenik te viakateegat seemaavaan ton asalon mukat naheen see| usadee skhaseeat ate rachanaa vich dristteegochar hunde anekaan virodhaabhaas is gal daa pramaan han ki usadee mahaanataa vee sadhaaran manakhee seemaavaan te sanbhaavanaavaan ton parhe dee koee cheez naheen see| so bhaaee veer singh de kaavachintan dee gal usadee skhseeat, ausadee vichaaradhaaraa ate usade yug de itihaasak sandarabh vich usadeean seemaavaan te sanbhaavanaavaan dee nishaan dehee karake hee keetee jaa sakadee hai|

bhaaee veer singh sankaraantee kaal daa madhavaragee lekhak hai| jadon usane likhanaa shuroo keetaa udon bhaaratee samaaj tikheean raajasee, aarathik, samaajak, dhaaramik te sabhiaachaarak tabadeeleean de dor vichon guzar rihaa see| bhaarat vich barataanavee

saamaraaj dee sathaapanaa ton baad saaddee aarathikataa ate jeevanakeemataan vich ttuttabhaj daa jiharraa amal shuroo hoeaa| usane bhaaratee samaaj dee sathaapat saamantak banatar noo ganbheer chunauatee ditee| is yug daa mukh raajaneetak davand patanamukhee sanaatanee saamantak banatar ate ubhar rahe poonjeevaad daa virodh hai| bhaarat vich angarezee raaj dee sathaapanaa keval raajaneetak sataa daa parivaratan hee naheen see. sagon poonjeevaadee utapaadan pranaalee de parives ne raajaneetakaaarathikataa de khetar vich naven upajasanbandhaan, naven samaajak rishatiaan ate naven varagavirodhaan noo janam ditaa| raajaneetak aarathikataa de khetar vich vaapare is mool bhoot parivaratan ne samaajak parausaar de padhar upar sanaatanee jeevanamalaan, maanataavaan, vishavaasaan ate chintanapadhatee age prasnachinh laaeaa ate naveean jeevanakeemataan te visvaasaan dee sathaapanaa keetee chintan de padhar te is yug daa mukh davand sanaatanee dharamakendarat chetanaa ate aadhunik vigiaanak chetanaa daa virodh hai| takaneekee ate udayogik vikaas, poonjeevaadee utapaadanavidhee te upaja sanbandhaan ton paidaa hoee padaarathak unatee ate naveen vidiak neetee duaaraa sanchaarit vigiaanak chetanaa de prasaar naal bhaarat de aadhunikeekaran daa jo amal shuroo hoeaa usane parrhelikhe madhavarag noo janam ditaa | is madhavarag de saahamane jeevan deean anek vikaas mukhee sanbhaavanaavaan san| ujal bhavakh deean sanbhaavanaavaan kaaran ih madh varag barataanavee saamaraaj pratee sahaanubhootee rakhadaa see| aarathik ate padaarathak vikaas de mauake pradaan karan de baavajood barataanavee saamaraaj dee basateevaadee neetee daa ik naanhapakhee pahiloo vee see| ih see lukaven sabhiaachaarak aakraman raaheen gulaam mulakaankamaan dee sabhiaachaarak pachhaan noo khatam karan dee basateevaadee neetee| eesaaeeat de prachaar raaheen dharam parivaratan dee neetee darasal gulaam kauamaamulakaan dee sabhiaachaarak aatamapachhaan noo khatam karake raajasee gulaamee deean jarrhaan pakeean karan dee basateevaadee saazis see| is rananeetee ne bhaaratee dharamaan ate sathaanakakhetaree sabhiaachaaraan lee ganbheer sankatt paidaa keetaa| aapanee dhaaramik, sabhiaachaarak ate kauamee pachhaan dee surakhiaa lee chintat bhaaratee madhavarag ne rakhiaatamak paintarraa apanaaeaa| nateeje vajon samache bhaarat ate vishes karake panjaab vich aareea samaaj, brahamo samaaj, ahimadeea lahir, singh sabhaa lahir, naamadhaaree lahir ate nirankaaree mishan aad dhaaramik punarajaagaran deean lahiraan daa janam hoeaa| dhaaramik punarajaagaran deean inhaan lahiraan ne us itihaasak sandarabh vich duharee bhoomikaa nibhaaee| ateetamukhee, kattarr sanaatanee te kabeelaaee drishattee kaaran ih lahiraan dhaaramik te sanparadaaeik sankeeranataa noo failaaun daa kaaran baneean| dooje paase barataanavee

saamaraaj pratee nafarat ate roh jagaa ke inhaan lahiraan ne bhaarat de kauamee sutantarataa andolan vich raashattaravaadee ate janavaadee chetanaa daa prachaaraprasaar keetaa| dubidhaa grasat madhavarag dee ralagadd chetanaa daa pragattaavaa hon kaaran inhaan punarajaagaran deean lahiraan ne us itihaasak sandarabh vich iko vele naanhapakhee ate usaaroo bhoomikaa nibhaaee|

bhaaee veer singh us dubidhaa grasat madhavarag daa pratinidh lekhak hai, jo aarathik vikaas de mauakiaan karake basateevaadee hakoomat daa samarathak see ate usadee sabhiaachaarak neetee karake usadaa virodhee vee see| aapanee aadarashavaadee chetanaa ate saamantee bhaavabodh karake ateet mukhee see par poonjeevaadee utapaadan vidhee te upaja sanbandhaan duaaraa milee aarathik khushaalee kaaran changere bhavakh lee aasavand vee see| usadee honee daa aadhaar duvalee jhaak see| padaarathak unatee te aarathik raahat lee uh basateevaadee hakoomat dee nerrataa chaahundaa see, par aapanee sabhiaachaarak aatama pachhaan ate kauamee gauarav dee raakhee lee barataanavee sarakaar ton chintat see| 1857 de gadar dee naakaamee ton baad kise sangatthit janaandolan dee anahond kaaran uh basateevaadee saamaraaj naal sidhee ttakar lain ton vee jhijakadaa see| us dee ttek kise sangharash dee thaan samajhauate upar see| ise lee usane basateevaadee saamaraaj deean rahimataan de jasagaan raaheen jithe sathaapatee pakhee bhoomikaa nibhaaee, authe usane aapanee sabhiaachaarak pachhaan te kauamee gauarav noo kaaeim rakh lee dhaaramik punarasurajeetee deean lahiraan raaheen janavaadee chetanaa de ubhaar lee uparaale keete|

sankaraantee kaal de dubidhaagrasat madhavarag daa pratinidh hon karake bhaaee veer singh daa rachanaasansaar sanaatanee aadarashavaadee chintan ate aadhunik vigiaanak yugabodh de tanaau vichon aapane arath grahin karadaa hai| chetanaa daa ih davand usadee rachanaa vich naven te puraane, ateet te varatamaan, braham te manakh, savarag te dharatee, kabeelaa te viakatee, manakhee akaankhiaavaan de daman te sapooratee ate hosh te masatee de virodhajattaan raaheen pes hundaa hai| sankaraantee kaal dee is ralagadd chetanaa de prabhaav kaaran hee ddaa. jasaveer singh aahaloovaaleean bhaaee veer singh noo jattil chetanaa vaalaa kavee kahindaa hai, jisadee drishattee chetanaa de fiaooddal ate burajuaa tataan daa misharan hai| funjab litteratture in ferasapechattive sankaraantee kaal dee misharat vichaaradhaaraa kaaran hee bhaaee veer singh dee rachanaa ate skhaseeat vich kee virodhaabhaas nazar aaunde han; jivensubhaa valon uh ekaantapremee hai. drishattee vajon kabeelaa jaan sanpradaaeimukhee| sanvedanaa usadee aadhunik hai par yugachetanaa sanaatanee chintan ate

aadhunikeekaran vichakaar bhattakadee hai| aarathikataa de khetar vich uh panjaab de aadhunikeekaran daa chaahavaan hai| par sabhiaachaarak pakhon sanaatanee saamantee aadarashaan noo pranaaeaa hoeaa hai| panjaab dee punarajaagratee daa modtee ho ke vee uh vivahaarak roop vich punarasathaapanaavaadee hai| rachanaavasatoo vajon uh sikh lahir de sangharasmee virase dee chon karadaa hai, par amalee jeevan vich angarez hakoomat naal sidhe ttakaraa ton gurej karadaa hai| usadee shakhaseeat ate rachanaa vichale antaravirodhaan noo sankaraantee kaal de us vises itihaasak sandarabh ton tarundd ke dekhan kaaran hee kujh aalochak usade saahit baare ih dhaaranaa banaaunde han ki vichaaradhaaraa ate kaavaanubhav rachanaavasatoo pakhon uh ateetamukhee hai ate roopak pakhon naveen| ih aalochak usadee rachanaadristtee, rachanaavasatoo ate rooparachanaa vich ho rahe balaparivaratan noo pachhaanan ton khunjh jaande han| sankaraantee kaal dee ralagadd chetanaa vaang bhaaee veer singh dee rachanaadrishattee ate rachanaavasatoo vich vee nirantar ttuttabhaj te parivaratan vaaparade rahe han, jinhaan dee nishaanadehee karake hee usadee kaavasanvedanaa ate kaav chintan vich ho rahe nirantar parivaratan de amal noo samajhiaa jaa sakadaa hai|

bhaaee veer singh dee samachee saahitasirajanaa sikh dharam ate sikh sabhiaachaar de punarauthaan hit hoee hai| ik chetanabhaavee saahitakaar hon de naal naal uh singh sabhaa lahir ate cheef khaalasaa deevaan jeheean sansathaavaan daa sidhaantak bulaaraa vee see| sikh dharam de prachaaraprasaar hit usane sarakaaree nauakaree dee peshakas noo tthukaraa ke prakaasn ate patarakaaree daa kitaa chuniaan| visaal janasamooh noo mukhaatib hon khaatar hee usane us vele de sikh vidavaanaan vich prachalit brij bhaasaa vich likhan de rujhaan noo tiaag ke aam lokaan dee bolee panjaabee vich likhanaa suroo keetaa| aapane lokaan ate unhaan dee bolee ton bemakh hoe sikh vidavaanaan noo panjaabee vich likhan lee preran vaasate usane khaalasaa samaachaar de sanpaadakee lekhaan raaheen zoradaar muhinm chalaaee| sikh punarajaagratee deean lahiraan de prachaaraprasaar hit likhan ne usade saahit dee vishaachon, rachanaadrishattee, sanbodhanavidhee ate bhaashaasailee noo prabhaavit keetaa| udes mukhataa ne usadee saahitakaaree dee seemaa ate sanbhaavanaa dohaan noo nischit keetaa| sikh punarajaagaran dee lahir ne ik paase bhaaee veer singh lee visaal paatthakavarag paidaa keetaa ate usadee rachanaa noo viaapak padhar te maanataa duaaee ate dooje paase is ne usadee rachanaadristtee ate rachanaavasatoo noo seemat vee keetaa| bhaaee veer singh de saahit baare usade bharaa ddaa. balabeer singh dee ih ttipanee bahut saaragarabhit hai; ki. bhaaee veer singh daa saahitay sikhee deean samaajak lahiraan naal goorrhaa sanbandh

rakhadaa hai| unhaan daa saahitay san 1873 ch chalee singh sabhaa lahir daa sittaa hai ate hun dee akaalee lahir daa kaaran| kalam dee karaamaat, panaa 215

bhaaee veer singh daarashanik kavee hai| usane aapane kaavasidhaant noo mattak hulaare 1922 ee. kaavasangreh dee kavitaa kaavarang sundarataa vich sapashatt karan daa suchet yatan keetaa hai| kaav dee prakiratee, kaveechit, kaav de preranaa sarot, kaavaprayojan ate kaavasirajan prakiriaa baare uh chetaachetafuhaaraa mattak hulaare, guladaaudeean aaeean bijaleean de haara, ras. raseea rasaal, vaans dee ttoree, toonhon boottee e laaee see, preet dee ughaarr mere saaeean jeeo, komal unar gungaa ki boladaa saahitak kaleean ate likhaaree noo khaalasaa samaachaar, jilad 65 ank 40 aad kavitaavaan vich vee sanket karadaa hai| usade kaavashaasatar baare gal karan ton pahilaan ddaa. ser singh dee ih ttipanee dhiaan mangadee hai; bhaaee veer singh daa kaavasidhaant khojan lagiaan saanoo unhaan de maanasik jeevan dee banatar daa nikherraa karanaa paindaa hai| is maanasik jeevan vich sikh dharam de sidhaant daa barraa hisaa hai| bhaaee veer singh daa kaavasidhaant guroosaahib de kaavasidhaant ton upajiaa te vadhiaa fuliaa prateet hundaa hai| bhaaee veer singh abhinandan granth, pane 21819

ddaa. sher singh anusaar bhaaee veer singh kaav daa samachaa vaamanddal bhaaven dhaaramik te daarasnik muhaavare vaalaa hai, par us vich bauadhik anubhav daa tiaag ate visamaadee anubhav de pragattaave dee ruchee pramakh hai, jo usadee kavitaa vichale rumaanchikasarodee tat noo pragatt karadee hai| budhee dee thaan valavale ate hoshaan naalon masatee upar vadhere bal hon kaaran ddaa. kirapaal singh kasel bhaaee veer singh de kaava chintan upar pachhamee rumaanttik kaavachintan de prabhaav val isaaraa karadaa hai| usade sbadaan vich, eis vich koee sandeh naheen ki bhaaee veer singh daa mool roop vich bhaavak te bauadhik aadhaar guramat darashan hee hai par unhaan dee anubhav prakiaa te viaakhiaa vidhee nisache hee vilakhan te viakateevaadee hai | unhaan dee binbamaalaa viakatigat te vises hai| unhaan vich guramat ton binaa soofee darasn, vedaant darashan te pachhamee rumaansavaadee sailee daa prabhaav vee vekhiaa jaa sakadaa hai| bhaaee veer singh rachanaavalee, jilad pahilee, panaa ii einj paranparaagat mulaankan vich bhaaee veer singh de kaava chintan noo guramat darashan, soofee kaavaparanparaa ate rumaanttik kaavachintan ton prerit maniaa jaandaa hai|

kavitaa noo daiveeprakaash jaan paramasataa daa jhalakaaraa kahinaa bhaaee veer singh

de kaavachintan daa kendaree sootar hai, jo sanaatanee rehasavaadee ate rumaanttik kaava shaasatar dohaan vich pravaanit rihaa hai| guramat darasn de suchet prabhaav kaaran bhaaee veer singh ne kalaa ate suhaj dee daivee prakiratee val vaar vaar sanket keetaa hai| usadee kavitaa ate suhaj sankalap noo samajhan lee kaav rangasundarataa kavitaa daa paatth zarooree hai|

kavitaa dee sundarataaee uche nachhatree vasadee

aapane sangeet lahire aapane prakaash lasadee,

eik shaam noo e uthon hetthaan palamadee aaee,

ras rang naal kanbadee sangeet tharatharaaee

jiaun trel taar protee jiaun aab moteean dee....

komal gale dee sur jiaun jhanakaar saaz dee jiaun

jharanaatt roop vaalee taare ddalak jiaun chhaaee|

jiaun meendd tharake khichiaan, khich khaa main rooh jo kanbee

husanaan de rang lahire rasatoonm ik jhumaaee.....

eik saroor sir noo aayaa ik taar sir tumaaee

puchhiaa asaan,he sohanee toon aap sundarataa hain

heere javaahar vaangoo ttikadee hai kiaun toon naaheen.. ...

bolee o tharatharaaee laraze vajood vaalee

bijalee dee koond das toon ttikadee kiven ttikaaee

las de ke kiran sooraj laraze de des jaave

sur raag dee tharaandee kis ne hai banh bahaaee

aulakaa aakaash liske chamakaar maar khisake

jusaa dhanukh akaashee kis ne ttikaa liaa ee|.....

chamakaar rang denaa ras jhoom vich jhumaanaa

eik jindachhoh laanee attakan naheen kithaaeen|

larazaa vatan jinhaan daa larajaa vajood unhaan daa

rekhaa anant attikaveen laraze de mathe paaee|

bhaaee veer singh anusaar kavitaa daa asalaa manakhee naheen. daivee hai| ih kise uchere rehasamanddal dee vasatoo hai, jisadee prateetee yatan naal naheen aaveshamee chhinaan vich hundee hai| kaavasirajanaa daa prerak somaa aavesmee manodasaa vich manakhee man duaaraa daivee suhaj dee prateetee hai| kaavasuhaj sadhaaran sansaarak suhaj ton ucheree vasatoo

hai, jisanoo padaarathak suhaj vaang maaniaa jaan bhogiaa naheen jaa sakadaa, keval mahisoos keetaa jaa sakadaa hai| aaveshamee manodasaa dee upaj hon kaaran kaavaaanand chhina bhangar aanand hai jo asamaanee bijalee dee liskor vaang attikavaan, berok ate moonhazor hai| kaav daa prayojan hai ras jaan aanand dee anubhootee duaaraa manakh noo jeevanachhuh laaunee| kavitaa brahimanddee leelhaa de gujhe rehasaan daa bodh karavaa ke manakhee man noo visamaadat karadee hai ate usanoo arasheesataa naal ikasurataa pradaan karadee hai| kavitaa vaang bhaaee veer singh lee suhaj daa khaasaa vee daivee hai| prakiratak suhaj manakh noo us daiveesataa dee anantataa te visaalataa daa bodh karavaaundaa hai, jis dee chhuh samache brahimanddee varataare vichon mahisoos hundee hai| kavitaa vaang prakiratak suhaj vee paramasataa dee anantataa te viaapakataa daa bodh karavaa ke rasik man noo visamaadat karadaa hai ate manakh noo kujh samen lee sansaarak bandhanaan ton mukatee duaa ke kise uchere sansaar vich lai jaandaa hai| iaun kalaa te suhaj jeevan de gujhe rehasaan daa bodh karavaa ke manakh noo udaatataa bakhashade han| is tarhaan bhaaee veer singh lee kavitaa ate suhajasaadhanaa manakh dee adhiaatamak saadhanaa daa hee ik paasaar hai, par jis upar manakh daa sanpooran adhikaar naheen| kaavasirajanaa noo manakhee sarot naal jorran dee bajaae kaav de dib sarotaan upar bal den kaaran ih bhulekhaa painaa subhaavik hai ki bhaaee veer singh gurabaanee te soofee kavitaa de daiveesanvedan sidhaant daa hee anusaran kar rihaa hai| kaav dee sirajanaprakiriaa aavesha ate usade samaajakamanakhee manorath rasa baare bhaaee veer singh jo nazareea apanaaundaa hai uh kavitaa de manakhee somiaan ate manakhee charitar val hee isaaraa karadaa hai| suchet padhar te kavitaa de dib saroop noo pravaan karake bhaaee veer singh sanaatanee kaavasaasatar noo drirrh karadaa hai, par achet padhar te uh kavitaa de manakhee somiaan noo saveekaar ke kavitaa de manakhasirajat kalaa hon daa sidhaant pesh karadaa hai| ajoke vigiaanak chintan de vadh rahe prabhaav kaaran bhaaee veer singh daa achet man taan manakh dee sirajanaatamak bhoomikaa noo saveekaar karadaa hai, par us daa suchet man madhakaalee chintan ate vishavaas dee kararree garafat vich hai jo itihaas te brahimanddee paasaare dee sirajanaa vich manakh de ansmaatar yogadaan noo vee pravaan naheen karadaa| us anusaar jagatarachanaa vaang suhaj ate kalaasirajanaa daa sarot vee koee anadisadee daiveesataa hai| guladaaudeean aaeean kavitaa vich suhaj sirajanaa noo manakhee sirajanaa manan vaale bhole maalee naal sanvaad rachaaundaa hoeaa kahindaa hai

maalee aakhe gamale vichon ug utaahaan aaeean

par je hetthon ute aaeean, chandamakh kithon layaaeean

chand vase asamaanee loko, anbar dauar lagaave

mittee gamalayaan andar naaheen, chand kad luk aave

seeto seetaa mahimaa maahi hai arashee roop vasendaa|

suhaj sundarataa vase os thaan, ghaarrat roop gharreendaa|

suhaneean saaddeean guladaaoodeean, othon hoke aaeean

rooparang ih faban ajaibee, roopadesh ton layaaeean

bhole maalee gamalayaan vichon hooraan e naheen aaeean|.

eih ras saaddee mehanat naaheen, dharatee ih ras naaheen

eih ras gaib khazaanaa maalee ih ras arashee bhaaee|....

eih ras roopadesh dee aabhaa. ih ras dhur ton aaee|.....

chaanan jiven akaashon aave, sheesiaan te pai damake,

tiven sundarataa arashon aaven, suhaniaan te pai chamake|

dikh dee padhar te bhaaee veer singh daa kavee ate kaveekaram daa sankalap vee gurabaanee, soofee kalaam ate kisaa kavitaa de kaav shaasatar ton prabhaavit hai| fuhaaraa vaans dee ttoree, ras raseea rasaal, toonhon boottee e laaee see ate preet dee ughaarr aad kavitaavaan vich daivee mehar ton binaa kavee noo nirajind hasatee maniaa giaa hai| jinee der tak kavee upar daiveemehar naazal naheen hundee, auh kaav sirajanaa de samarath naheen hundaa| gurabaanee vich prabhoo noo aape raseea aap ras aape raavanahaar keh ke moolasirajak kihaa giaa hai| manakh moolasirajak naheen, ausadee hasatee dujailee hai, auh moolasirajak prabhoo de hukam vich hai| gurabaanee chintan vich manakh de sutantar vajood te niranaaeik bhoomikaa noo saveekaar naheen keetaa giaa| sagon manakh dee bhoomikaa noo paiganbar jaan kaasad de roop vich hee pravaan keetaa giaa hai, jo prabhoo de hukam noo hee sanchaaradaa hai| paiganbar, prabhoo daa bulaaeaa hee boladaa hai| sanaatanee kaava shaasatar vich kavee lee paiganbar ate rumaanttik kaavasaasatar vich kavee lee prizam jaan farojechattor de sankalap prachalat rahe han, jo kavee dee dujailee jaan rabaaasharit hond val hee sanket karade han| sanaatanee te rumaanttik kaavasaasataraan vich kaveekaram noo paramaatamaa ate manakhataa vichakaar vicholagee nediattiona vajon hee pravaan keetaa giaa hai| kee kavitaa dee sirajanaa vich ansh maatar hisaa kavee manakha dee chetanaa, anubhav te usadee kalapanaa shakatee daa vee ho sakadaa hai eih mehatavapooran prashan bhaaee veer singh de kaavachintan daa suchet masalaa naheen banadaa| par aadhunik vigiaanak

te maanavataavaadee chintan de vadh rahe chetaachet prabhaav kaaran bhaaee veer singh manakh de rachanaatamak te niranaaeik rol noo dabaveen sur vich pravaan vee karadaa hai| kavee keval dibasandesh daa sanvaahak hee naheen, sagon ik chetan sanvedanasheel praanee vee hai| duneean daa dukh dekh ke uh pathar naheen ban sakadaa| paramaatamaa dee saajanaa hon de naal naal manakh kol dristtee dee samarathaa ate disaachon dee aazaadee vee hai| arashaan val nazar lahiraan de haara ate faraamuraz dee vilakanee mattak hulaare aad kavitaavaan vich uh, manakh de rabasirajat hond hon de sach noo saveekaar karake vee manakh dee niranaikaaree ichhaashakatee te sirajanaatamak samarathaa noo pravaan karadaa hai| pramaan vajon us dee kavitaa arashaan val nazar parrhee jaa sakadee hai

akheean je ghumiaar mainddarraa, sir mere te laandaa,

sahun alaa dee nazar sadaa main, arashaan val rahaandaa,

hun akhaan han mathe thale, rukh ehanaan daa hetthaan

neeveen tak meree is rukh ton jor na paar vasaandaa|

eih taan sach azal ne akhaan sir tere naheen laaeean

par gichee deean naarraan usane, lachakaan de de paaeean

ditee khulh nazar dee, take, hetthaan, aup chufere

hun je loa utaahaan laaven, taan tereean vaddiaaeean||

manakh dee manakhee samarathaa vich paidaa ho rihaa ih vishavaas bhaaee veer singh dee chetanaa vich ho rahe balaparivaratan daa sanket hai| madhakaalee aadarasvaadee chintan dee kararree garafat vich hon kaaran bhaaee veer singh daa suchet man taan manakh dee manakhee samarathaa te ichhaaskatee noo kise adas daivee some duaaraa sanchaalit manadaa hai, par vigiaanak chetanaa de vadh rahe prabhaav kaaran usadaa achet man manakhee hond de lauakik sarokaaraan noo manakh dee maanavee samarathaa ate ichhaa shakatee daa kendar mithadaa hai| bhaaee veer singh de suchet ate achet man daa ih tanaau usade kavee ate kaveekaram de sankalap vich vee drishatteegochar hundaa hai| suchet padhar te uh kavee noo fuhaare, bansaree jaan veenaa vaang dujailee hond manadaa hai, jo kise adas daiveesataa de sandesh noo keval sanchaarit karadee hai, par achet padhar te kavee noo ik sanvedanasheel te niranaaeik rachanaadharamee kahindaa hai| do asalon vakhare vichaaraan noo roopamaan karadeean usadeean ih kavitaavaan parrheean jaa sakadeean han pahilee vich dibataa te doosaree vich lauakik maanavee sarokaaraan noo sirajanaa daa sarot kihaa giaa hai

main saan lakarree, tandee te taar

jind heenee see mainddarree dehi|

eih taan saaneean daa jaadoo amett,

bhar dendaa see naal sangeet,

rago reshaa meraa taar taar

tadon boladee saan payaar payaar

fer saaneean see gaandaa main naal

mohit hundaa see sunadaa sangeet

haan, gaandaa vajaandaa see aap

fer jhoonmadaa see aape aap

ras laindaa see aap rasaal|

vaah vaa choj tere, mere saaeean

tere geetaan deean tainoo vadhaaeean

toonhon geet sangeet te suaad ras,

raseea te aap rasaal|

mere saaeean jeeo|

duneean daa dukh dekh dekh dil

dabadaa dabadaa jaandaa|

andaralaa panghar vag turadaa

nainon neer vasaandaa

fir vee darad na ghatte jagat daa

chaahe aapaa vaare|

par pathar naheen baniaa jaandaa

darad dekh dukh aandaa|

lahiraan de haara

gurabaanee ate soofee kalaam de prabhaav kaaran hee bhaaee veer singh ne kavee noo auchee surat jaan vishes meharapraapat dib gunaan naal varosaae hoe viakatee vajon pravaan keetaa hai| aapane ik ttraikatt vich uh likhadaa hai ki kav aad uh lok han jinhaan dee surat kudaratan sansaar de aam jeevaan ton uchee hundee hai| unhaan vich ilaahee rang fere maaradaa hai, jisanoo uh aapanee kavitaa aad vich kharach karake baakee jeevaan noo uche manddalaan val takan dee ukasaahatt dende han| kavee baakee jeevaan vich jeevanachhuh

laaun vaalaa paiganbar hai, jo drishattamaan prapanch de suhajachitar raaheen adristtamaan jagat de rehas ate alauakik suhaj daa bodh karavaaundaa hai| lauakik jagat de suhaj chitar raaheen paaralokik jagat de rehasaudaghaattan noo kaav sirajanaa daa prayojan mith ke bhaaee veer singh kavitaa noo rasik anubhav dee prateetee de saadhan jaan rehasabodh de vaseele vajon taan pravaan karadaa hai, par uh kavee dee naitikasamaajak zinmevaaree noo kaav daa suchet manorath pravaan naheen karadaa| bhaaven darad dekh dukh aandaa ate likhaaree noo aad ikaadakaa kavitaavaan vich uh kaavasirajanaa noo gurabaanee vaang rogavinaas de saadhan vajon pravaan karadaa hai, par ajiheean kavitaavaan alapa maatar hee han| kalaa jagat jalande lee malham jaan tapadee duneean lee amrit de chhitte bane ih jaanadaa hoeaa vee bhaaee veer singh aapane rachanaatamak amal vich samakaalee samaajak sarokaaraan pratee udaaseen hee rahindaa hai| pinjare piaa panchhee, bulabul te raaheen, bisamil mor te funddiaa totaaaad kavitaavaan vich uh samakaalee raajasee sankatt te sathaapatee de daman pratee haa daa naaharaa taan maaradaa hai, par uh manakh dee aazaadee te samaajak niaan dee taangh noo kise sangharash de larr laaun dee thaan adhiaatamak ttek daa aasaraa laindaa hai| aapane madhavaragee samajhauataavaadee subhaa ate adhiaatamavaadee dristtee karake bhaaee veer singh gurabaanee ate soofee lahir de keval adhiaatamak maarag noo hee apanaaundaa hai, einhaan daa samaajak inasaaf lee sangharash daa maaddal usadee chetanaa daa hisaa naheen banadaa|

jiharre aalochak bhaaee veer singh de kaavachintan noo gurabaanee de kaava shaasatar daa anusaaree sidh karade han unhaan dee daleel daa aadhaar gurabaanee ate bhaaee veer singh kaav dee sbadaavalee, dhaaramik muhaavare, kaav de daivee saroop ate aavesha sidhaant aad sankalapaan dee saanjh hai| je bhaaee veer singh aapane samakaalee raajasee sangharas pratee udaaseenataa dee mudaraa apanaaundaa hai taan is daa ik kaaran usadee adhiaatamavaadee dristtee hai, jo manakhee samasiaavaan daa samaadhaan, eitihaasak samaajak sandarabh dee thaan adhiaatamak naitik dharaatal upar hee karadee hai| bhaaee veer singh upar guramat vichaaradhaaraa de prabhaav baare ddaa. jagabeer singh kahindaa hai, guramat vichaaradhaaraa madhakaaleen sabhiaachaarakaeitihaasak sandarabh naal sanbandhit vichaaradhaaraa hai, jisane aapane samakaaleen yathaarath ate manakhee sarokaaraan dee viaakhiaa dharam de paramaarathee prasang vich keetee hai | bhaaee veer singh suchet tauar te ise vishavadristtee noo samarapit han ate is de vichaaradhaarak maaddal noo lai ke aapane kaavajagat daa sangatthan karade han| ih visvadristtee manakh deean samooh samasiaavaan daa samaadhaan

adhiaatamak naitik dharaatal upar karanaa lorradee hai| bhaaee veer singh saahit adhiain, sanp ddaa. gurabakhash singh, panaa 47 eihee kaaran hai ki bhaaee veer singh aapane mahaankaav raanaa soorat singh ate gangaa raam aad kavitaavaan vich samakaalee raajasee sankatt noo usade mool itihaasak sandarabh raajasee nukate ton pesh karan dee thaan us de paramaarathee pakh noo chitar ke mool itihaasak sandarabh valon hee akhaan meech laindaa hai| nirasantaan vidhavaa raanee raaj kauar dee adhiaatamak saadhanaa de chihan raaheen uh sangharas dee thaan maalak dee razaa vich rahin daa upades dindaa hai| gangaa raam kavitaa vich je usane samakaalee manakh dee aazaadee dee taangh noo samoohik sangharash duaaraa praapat karan dee thaan aradaas dee adhiaatamak jugat upar bal ditaa hai taan funddiaa totaa kavitaa vich uh aazaadee lee taanghade manakh noo jaabaraan age sir sutt den dee salaah dindaa hai

paa naa totiaa raualaa te shor ethe

dhauan sitt te dharaa samaa veeraa|

bhaaee veer singh ne is kavitaa vich aapane samen de raajaseesamaajak sankatt noo dharatee es te zor jaravaaniaan daakaahadaa hak te kaahadaa hai niaan veeraa keh ke rekhaankit keetaa hai| bisamil mor kavitaa bhaarat de kauamee gauarav noo barataanavee saamaraaj duaaraa madholan dee vaarataa hai| bekasoor sazaa bhugat rihaa ghaaeil mor bhaaratee janamaanas de daman daa chihan hai| pachhamee suhajasuaad te shauak daa suaamee angarejee parrhiaa sikaaree baaboo neeveean rucheean vaalaa jaabar hai, jo aapane shauak khaatar begunaahaan daa sikaar karadaa hai| ih karoop baaboo barataanavee saamaraaj dee khudagarazee te dhake daa prateek hai| ih baaboo moranee de viralaap kaaran ikatthe hoe pindd de lokaan de kahir ton bhaj ke jaan bachaaundaa hai| ghaaeil mor dee vaarataa raaheen bhaaee veer singh ne bhaarat de kauamee gauarav noo lag rahee dtaah noo bachaaun lee samoohik sangharas daa sadaa ditaa hai| par ajeheean ikaadakaa kavitaavaan bhaaee veer singh dee kaavasanvedanaa daa mukh sur naheen| usadee mukh chintaa barataanavee saamaraaj de hathon haaree hoee sikh kauam de maanasik santaap, vishaad ate niraasaa noo ghattaaun dee hai| baaharee sangharas dee thaan uh manakhee chetanaa noo andar val morr ke vaasatavik jeevan dee haar te vigoche dee ik manovigiaanak pooratee karadaa hai| aatamachetanaa duaaraa adhiaatamak maarag dee yaataraa, prakiratee val morraan jaan ateet val jhukaa varatamaan yathaarath ton saniaas daa sauakhaa tareekaa hai| raanaa soorat singh vich bhaaee veer singh ne aapanaa raajabhaag te kauamee gauarav guaa chukee sikh kauam dee itihaasak sathitee noo raanee raaj kauar de roop vich chitariaa hai|

jiven raanee raaj kauar daa aapane mar chuke patee naal mel sanbhav naheen; eise tarhaan sikh kauam aapane guaache raaj ate gauarav noo praapat naheen kar sakadee| vidhavaa ate nirasantaan hon kaaran raanee raaj kauar kol bhavakh daa koee supanaa naheen, auh keval beet chuke deean yaadaan ate aapane andarale dee pachhaan de adhiaatamak maarag raaheen aapane maanasik santaap te vigoche noo ghatt kar sakadee hai| raajasee tauar te haaree hoee sikh maanasikataa saahamane vee iho raah see, aapane gauaravamee itihaas dee simaratee daa ate jaan adhiaatamak saadhanaa duaaraa aatamasojhee te aatamasanpooranataa daa| 1857 ee. de gadar dee asafalataa ton uparaam te maanasik tauar te ttutt chuke bhaaratee madhavarag vaang bhaaee veer singh saahamane vee iko ik raah see, samajhauate daa maalak dee razaa vich rahin daa| bhaaee veer singh dee chetaachet manodashaa daa pragattaavaa usadee kavitaa raun rukh lahiraan de haara vich vee hoeaa hai|

aapane yug de itihaasakasamaajak sarokaaraan pratee udaaseenataa uh buniaadee tath hai jo bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa dee gurabaanee naalon vakharataa te virodh noo ujaagar karadaa hai| dhaaramik muhaavare ate vichaaradhaarak dikh dee saanjh kaaran aalochak akasar is noo pachhaanan ton khunjh jaande han| mool sandarabh adhiaatamak ate chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare de baavajood gurabaanee vich manakh de samaajak, raajasee te naitik sarokaaraan noo anaddatth naheen keetaa giaa| gurabaanee vich saaraa bal paramaatamaa de maanaveekaran raaheen usanoo jeevan de nigar sach vajon pravaan karavaaun ute hai| is de ulatt bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa vich paramaatamaa nigar manakhee anubhav daa vishaa banan dee thaan niraa noor jaan anadditthaa rasadaataa banake reh jaandaa hai| gurabaanee vich jithe lokik jagat noo manakhee amalaan dee dharamashaal kahike is dharatee de sabh rasaan kasaan noo bharapoorataa ch maanan dee pravaanagee ditee gee hai, authe bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa vich jagat ik varajitavaarree banake reh jaandaa hai, jis vich manakh badee ton taan hee bach sakadaa hai je jagat noo bhogan deean ichhaavaan daa sanpooran daman kar lave| atar singh, saahit sanvedanaa, pane94 99

gurabaanee de vipareet je bhaaee veer singh dee kavitaa vich kaav daa sirajan sarot nigar manakhee anubhav ate kaavaprayojan naitikasamaajak zinmevaaree noo naheen maniaa giaa taan is daa ik kaaran usadee vitarekataavaadee ruchee hai, jiharree guramat darashan naalon vedaant de apasaaravaadee falasafe de vadhere nerre hai| samaajak apasaar daa ih vedaantee maarag us samen dee sikh burajuaazee, jis dee numaaeindagee singh sabhaa lahir ate cheef khaalasaa deevaan varageean sansathaavaan karadeean san, daa

vichaaradhaarak hathiaar see| is sikh burajuaazee dee ttek barataanavee saamaaraaj naal sangharash dee thaan samajhote upar see| madhavaragee samajhauataavaadee biratee kaaran hee heeraa singh darad bhaaee veer singh de rehasavaad noo nijabhaavee kahindaa hai jo samakaalee samaajak yathaarath pratee palaaeinamukhee hai| samakaalee sarokaaraan pratee palaaeinamukhataa kaaran hee heeraa singh darad, ausanoo angarezaan hathon haaree hoee raajaa te saradaar shrenee daa pratinidh kahindaa hai| panjaabee kavitaa te chonaven panjaabee kavee, panaa 113| vivahaarak jeevan vich aapane samakaalee kauamee te sikh raajasee sangharash pratee udaaseenataa ate aapanee rachanaa vich tthare, sankoche te bevas naaeikaan dee sirajanaan uh tath han, jo bhaaee veer singh dee antaramukhee samajhauataavaadee drishattee daa pramaan han| bhaajavaadee antar mukhataa us vele de sikh vapaaree varag daa mukh vichaaradhaarak paintarraa te rananeetee see| ise aadhaar te ddaa. ravindar singh ravee gurabaanee ate bhaaee veer singh kaav de vichaaradhaarak vakhareven ate virodh noo sapastt karadiaan kahindaa hai

bhaaee veer singh dee sikhee ate gurooaan duaaraa prachaarit ate prasaarit sikhee ate samachee madhakaaleen sikh lahir vich barraa ganbheer vichaaradhaarak antar hai| gurooaan daa sikhasidhaant ate sikh lahir chetanaa de dhaaramik muhaavare ate hor itihaasak seemaavaan de baavajood vichaaradhaaraa ate amal de pakh ton ajiheean samaajak manakhee keemataan ate kadaraan dee sathaapanaa lee sangharashaseel rahe, jiharreean samaajakaeitihaasak tauar de anukool lokahitoo paintarre de sadeevee subhaa deean dhaaranee han| isade ulatt, burajuaa ho rahee fiaooddal sikhee de bulaariaan ate singh sabhaa, cheef khaalasaa deevaan varageean sansathaavaan raaheen prachaaree ate sathaapat keetee jaan vaalee sikhee inhaan de jamaatee hitaan anukool, gurabaanee de vichaaradhaarak asale dee thaan rahureetaan tak seemat see|

virasaa te varatamaan, pane 2223

bhaaven bhaaee veer singh aadhunik maanavavaadee chintan de vadh rahe prabhaav kaaran manakh deean lauakik, sareerakamaanasik akaankhiaavaan dee pooratee ate is dharatee de sach noo saveekaaran te samajhan val ahuladaa taan hai, par usade chintan ate kavitaa vich kendaree mehatav rab ate paaralokik sansaar daa hai| usadee rab te paaralokikataa dee ttek raajasee tauar te haar chukee sikh kauam de maanasik santaap te bhaavuk vigoche dee manovigiaanak pooratee daa saadhan hai| par usadaa sikh kauam dee mukatee daa ih paramaarathee maarag darapesh masaliaan de samaadhaan samen manakh dee samarathaa ate ichhaaskatee de niranaaeik rol age prasnachinh laaundaa hai| jiven adhiaatamaavaadee chintan itihaas

dee rachanaa vich manakh dee saragaram bhaageedaaree noo manafee karadaa hai, ause tarhaan bhaaee veer singh kavitaa dee sirajan prakiriaa noo manakh baahare somiaan naal jorr ke kalaa sirajanaa dee prakiriaa vichon manakh dee bhoomikaa noo khaaraj karadaa hai| itihaasak amal dee prakiriaa vichon manakh dee saragaram bhaageedaaree noo khaaraj karanaa us vele de samajhauataavaadee madhavarag daa mukh vichaaradhaarak paintarraa ate jamaatee lorr see| ise karake bhaaee veer singh ajehe bevas, sankoche te karunaajaachak kaavapaatar sirajadaa hai, jinhaan daa maanaveesansaar ate akaankhiaavaan sungarre te saraape hoe han| jithe usadaa samakaalee pro. pooran singh amorr, vidarohee, ddulh ddulh painde vegamate kaavapaatar sirajadaa hai; authe bhaaee veer singh de kaavapaataraan daa bhaavanaasansaar teebar kaamanaavant, par har tarhaan de rasabhog ton niralep, tthare te sankoche hoe manakhaan daa sansaar hai, jinhaan kol aapaneean bhaavanaavaan te teebar sareerak kaamanaavaan daa galaa ghutt ke jeen ton binaan koee chaaraa naheen| bhaaee veer singh anusaar aapanee raajasee taakat te jaahojalaal guaa chukee sikh kauam kol darr vatt ke jiaun ton binaan hor koee raah naheen see, ajehee avasathaa vich bhaanaa manan daa adhiaatamak maarag hee ik sahaaraa bachadaa hai| us itihaasak sandarabh vich darr vattake jiaun noo hee pramaanik jeevanajaach manan vaale madhavarag daa vichaaradhaarak bulaaraa bhaaee veer singh kaavasirajanaa noo vee rab daa bhaanaa hee kahindaa hai| kaavasirajanaa de manakhee somiaan baare uh dabaveen sur vich hee gal karadaa hai|

pro. pooran singh kaav rab dee bedakhalee

pro. pooran singh dee vegamatee shakhaseeat noo kise vises dharam, darashan, saahitak paranparaa, bhaashaa ate roopakabandhan dee muthaajee naheen see| vibhin daarasnik, dhaaramik, saahitak ate sabhiaachaarak paranparaavaan de bahupakhee prabhaavaan kaaran bhaaven usadee shakhaseeat ate rachanaa vich kee virodhaabhaas nazar aaunde han, par aapanee sarabagraahee drishattee kaaran uh unhaan noo aatamasaat karake kalaatamak pragattaavaa den vich safal rihaa| skhaseeat vaang usadee rachanaa vee bahurangee ate bahuaayaamee hai| ik ttakasaalee sikh parivaar vich jamepale pooran singh ne kee dharam badale| jaapaanee budh mat, savaamee raam teerath de vedaantee saniaas maarag ate ant vich bhaaee veer singh dee preranaa naal sikh dharam dhaaran karan de baavajood usane kise vee dharam de sansathaaee, rahu reetee bandhej noo pravaan naheen keetaa| vigiaan de adhian ate pachhamee maanavavaadee darashan de prabhaav kaaran dharam us lee sansathaaee rahureet naalon vadhere aatamik anubhav daa visaa rihaa, jis vich sanpradaaeik sankeeranataa ate moolavaadee soch lee koee thaan naheen see| bahudharam anubhav, vigiaanak adhian, khulhekhulaase japaanee sabhiaachaar de at nerrale anubhav ate poorabee te pachhamee daarashanik, dharamashaasataree te saahitak paranparaavaan de sanparak ne pooran singh noo anubhav dee ameeree ate dristtee dee visaalataa bakhasee| usane neetase, baragasaan, vaalatt vittamain ddaa. muhamad ikabaal ate bhaaee veer singh de daarashanik vichaaraan noo sikh rehasavaad ate pachhamee maanavavaadee darasn dee loa vich aatamasaat karadiaan inhaan naal sanbaad vee rachaaeaa| ik suchet chintak ate rachanaadharamee hon kaaran dharam, darashan ate paranparaa pratee usadaa raveea pichhalagataa vaalaa naheen, sagon ik sandehavaadee aatamik jagiaasoo vaalaa see | har tarhaan de roopaka bhekh ate sansathaagat katthorataa de bandhej ton aakee pooran singh ne naa kise roopakabandhan dee

pravaah keetee ate naa bhaashaaeebandhan dee| bahuvidhatavapaluralisama pooran singh de chintan, rachanaa, jeevanashailee ate vihaar daa mukh sootar hai| bhaaven usane panjaabee loka kaav, gurabaanee, soofeekalaam, amareekan, angarezee, jaraman, faraanseesee, roosee, jaapaanee, faarasee, auradoo ate hindee saahit paranparaavaan de prabhaav vee kaboole, par usane kise vee saahitak paranparaa de gaaddee raah te turan ton gurez keetaa| usanoo aapane chintan ate kavitaa dee vilakhanataa ate maualikataa daa ahisaas see

main daa geet gaaeaa jaramanee de nitasho

geetaan de geet theen vakharaa

meraa geet hor hai

auh vee main daa geet hor vakharaa

aupanikhadaan dee braham main daa geet naanh

main gurasakh amain aj gaaundaa|

khalhe ghundd, bhoomikaa

pooran singh noo is tath daa sahij giaan see ki doojiaan varagaa honaa aapanee adatee unitue hond de sach ton munakar hon samaan hai| is lee uh us sanaatanee dharamachintan noo vee rad karadaa hai, jo manakhee hond dee sutantar sataa ton hee inakaaree hai ate us dharamaunamukh raashattaravaad noo vee jo manakhee viakateetav de aapane sach noo mett ke manakh dee honee noo kise samooh, sanpradaae jaan raashattar de hitaan de adheen karadaa hai| sanaatanee dharamachintan manakhee hond noo aapane ton vadderee kise hor hond param sataa de adheen manadaa hoeaa manakh noo aatamanikhedh seladdadeniala ate aatamatiaag daa upadesh dindaa see| sanaatanee dharamachintan ate varajanaamakh sabhiaachaar naal pooran singh daa virodh is karake hai ki ih aatamanirodh ate aatamatiaag upar bal deke manakh dee jeenatheen dee prakiratak akaankhiaa daa daman karade san| je bhaaee veer singh pratee anin sradhaa de baavajood pooran singh, singh sabhaa lahir ate cheef khaalasaa deevaan varageean sikh punarasurajeetee deean lahiraan naal saanjh paaun ton gurez karadaa hai taan is daa kaaran ik taan inhaan lahiraan daa sanpradaaeik khaasaa see ate doojaa inhaan de pichhokarr ch kam karadee sankeeran raashattaravaadee vichaaradhaaraa, jo har tarhaan dee viakateegat ate bhaaeechaarak vilakhanataa te maualikataa noo nazar andaaj karake manakh noo bheerr sanpradaaekauamaraashattara daa hisaa banan lee majaboor karadee see| pooran singh ne panjaab deean samakaalee dhaaramik punarasurajeetee

deean lahiraan dee sankeeran sanpradaaeik soch de virodh vich dharamanirapekh panjaabeeat daa sankalap ditaa panjaab na hindoo na musalamaanapanjaab jeendaa guraan de naam te| pooran singh sansathaagat dharam ate sanpradaaeaunamukh raashattaravaad noo ajehaa galaghottoo samajhadaa see jo manakh dee vilakhan hasatee de sach noo nakaar ke usanoo kise hor de adheen jaan doojiaan varagaa ik hon daa sandes dindaa hai| ise lee uh manakh noo sansathaagat dharam de reeteebadh nibhaau ton vee horradaa hai ate aapanee viakateegat hond de sach noo maarake, eik hon de chaa ton vee varajadaa hai ;

eik hon daa naa laaeen chaa toon

eik hon theen duneean aap hun tang hai|

eih taare anek saare

baag baag, ful fal van van de,

eik hon vich das toon kee suaad hai

bahun bahun, ho ho

kihaa suhanap rabee piaa nikharadaa,

moteean de kinake

samundaraan theen vadh disan

chamak inhaan dee hor hai

ddaleean heeriaan deean

aab aapo aapanee|

khale maidaana

eih vee sach hai ki pooran singh us aadhunik viakateevaadee darashan ate poonjeevaadee sabhiaachaarakamalaan noo rad karadaa hai, jo manakh noo har tarhaan de samoohik maanavee sarokaaraan ton udaaseen reh ke keval aapane aap lee jiaun ate hara tarhaan de naitikasamaajak aadarashaan noo tiaag ke ttakiaan dee ameeree dee laalasaa paidaa karade han| pooran singh je aapaneean likhataan vich sanpradaaeeraashattaravaad ate nija kendarat viakateevaad daa virodh karadaa hai taan isadaa kaaran usadee rumaanttik jaan vidarohee tabeeat naheen, sagon isade pichhokarr vich gurabaanee ate pachham de maanavavaadee chintakaan daa ajehaa darashan see, jo aatamanikhedh seladdadeniala dee thaan manakhee asatitav dee aatamapachhaan seladdasaserattiona aupar zor dindaa see ate manakh dee honee noo kise bhaaeechaarak faraj naal jorradaa see| pooran singh manakhee hond de sach noo nakaaran vaale

sanaatanee chintan geetaaupanikhada ate nijakendarat aadhunik viakateevaadee darashan dohaan deean seemaavaan noo pachhaan ke ajehe manakhavaadee darasn dee sirajanaa karadaa hai. jisadee ttek guramat ate pachhamee maanavavaadee chintan upar hai| pooran singh ise noo gurasakh amain kahindaa hai| poorabee ate pachhamee darasnaan ton praapat is naveen antaradristtee karake hee pooran singh aapanee kavitaa vich manakh dee sanpooran sutantarataa ate jeevan noo usadee bharapoorataa vich maanan dee prakiratak manakhee akaankhiaa dee pooratee upar zor dindaa hai| usade chintan ate kavitaa dee skatee har tarhaan de sansathaaee bandhej ton mukat, nirankush sutantar manakh dee parikalapanaa vich hai| sutantarataa ate jeevan noo bharapoorataa vich maanan daa naaharaa pooran singh de tatakaalee parives vich raajaneetak tauar te vee arathapooran see| angarezee saamaraaj dee gulaamee te daman bhogade ate aarathik vigochiaan de maare aam bande lee ih ik maanasik raahat see| pooran singh daa sansathaagat dharam, sathaapat vivasathaa ate paranparaa de har roop ton naabaree daa sandesh aam panjaabeean noo is lee khichadaa see ki ik taan ih unhaan de maanasik roh noo pragattaaundaa see ate doojaa unhaan dee aazaadee dee raajasee akaankhiaa dee sapooratee daa supanaa banadaa see| iho kaaran hai ki pooran singh javaan panjaab de, gaaragee. jangalee ful, pooran naath jogee aad kavitaavaan vich ajehe amorr paatar sirajadaa hai, jinhaan noo sabhiaachaarak mariaadaa daa sanjam vee bandhan lagadaa hai| pooran naath jogee kavitaa daa paatar pooran har tarhaan de paranparak samaajakarishate noo hee asaveekaar naheen karadaa, sagon raanee sundaraan de sache piaar noo vee aapanee aazaadee lee bandhan vajon dekhadaa hai| sansathaagat sanjam de ghere andar usanoo piaar jihaa viaapak manakhee jajbaa vee kaid najr aaundaa hai| ise lee uh sundaraan noo kahindaa hai

das toonhee sundaraan, khulh noo khohanaa, kee ih piaar hai

marazee kise dee noo thale jihee dabaa ke, karanaa aapanee

eih kehee poojaa suhanee ...

... par ghar mainoo kabar disadee, meraa jee jangalaan ch lagadaa

lamee nadar kar dekh sundare mahileen rakh aakhar toon mainoo gulaam karasen

aj naheen taan kalh zaroor sundaraan|

khoh naa khulh meree, piaar teraa sachaa, main manadaa

par jeea ghabaraaundaa, aakaash deean baahaan noo chhadd ke teree baaheen painaa,

kujh mainoo kaid jihee lagadee|

khalhe maidaana

eik jangalee ful kavitaa vich pooran singh budte bande naal viaahee ik jobanabaalaa de aapane premee naal viaahabaahare sanbandhaan noo jaaeiz tthahiraa ke us sanaatanee sadaachaar noo beparad karadaa hai jo mariaaraa ate naitikataa daa vaasataa paa ke bande noo aatamadaan lee majaboor karadaa hai| sabhiaachaarak reet ton aakee gaaragee noo kaparriaan daa kajan vee gavaaraa naheen| mariaadaa de saare jaame paarr chukee gaaragee sabh kujh koorr hee koorr nazar aaundaa hai| pooran singh ajehe kaavapaatar sirajadaa hai jinhaan noo pravaanit mariaadaa daa koee vee roop naheen ponhadaa, pravaanit manakhee rishatiaan de har roop ton naabaree unhaan dee pachhaan ban jaandee hai | so pravaanit ton naabaree pooran singh de jeevan darasn ate rachanaasidhaant daa kendaree sootar hai

nemaan vaalee gal naa karanee kaaee,

dharamaan karamaan theen nasanaa,

anemee rahinaa, soch saaree ddobanaa

hasanaa te ronaa, te cheekhanaa

te dariaavaa kinaare dauarrade firanaa

paagal jihaa, vahishee ih chaa meraa

aakhe naheen lagadaa, nem vich naheen bajhadaa

khalhe maidaana

pooran singh ih samajhadaa see ki manakh dee nirabandhan sutantar hasatee ate chaj naal jiaun daa supanaa is samakaalee samaajak vivasathaa vich pooraa naheen ho sakadaa, jo sanaatanee sabhiaachaarak mulaan dee rahindakhoonhad ate poonjeevaadee viakateevaad dee alaamat hai| is lee usane sathaapat samaajak vivasathaa ate is ute usare sabhiaachaarak mulavidhaan noo sidhee chunauatee ditee| varatamaan dee thaan ateet dee simaratee sabhiaachaarak sanjam dee paalanaa dee thaan prakiratak jeevan daa vahishee chaa ate aadhunik shiree jeevan dee chamakadamak dee thaan aadim penddoo saralataa te prakiratee naal nerrataa dee lochaa sathaapatee ton uparaamataa de hee vakh vakh paasaar han, jinhaan noo pooran singh dee kavitaa vich vaar vaar pragattaavaa miliaa hai| poonjeevaadee vivasathaa de dinodin gahire hunde sankatt noo bhaanp ke pooran singh kade puraane panjaab noo aavaazaan maaradaa hai kade pashoo theen dee lochaa karadaa hai ate kade samachee giaanaparanparaa ton mukh morr ke main parrhanaparrhaan saaraa chhaddiaa... jatt boott mere yaar vo daa hokaa dindaa hai| ik chetanabhaavee rachanaakaar hon karake usane manakhee hond de buniaadee prashanaan de naal naal tatakaalee raajasee ate

samaajak sarokaaraan naal vee dasatapanjaa liaa| usanoo ahisaas see ki sathaapat vivasathaa te usade mulaan noo taje binaa naven dee usaaree sanbhav naheen| ise lee usane dharam, darashan, paranparaa, manakhee rishatiaan, kirat, suhaj ate kalaa aad dee naven manakhavaadee paintarre ton punar viaakhiaa keetee| eiho kaaran hai ki kujh panjaabee aalochakaan ne usanoo pratimaan vidarohee, paaragaameechintak ate kalacharalabat shikan keh ke vaddiaaeaa hai|

pooran singh dee maanavavaadee drishattee noo manakhee sandarabh ton niralep naa rab pravaan hai, naa dharam ate naa kalaa| usane rabakendarat dharamachetanaa de virodh vich ajehe manakhakendarat darashan dee sirajanaa keetee, jo rab ton taan inakaaree naheen, par rab daa manakhabaaharaa koee vee roop usanoo pravaan naheen| usade chintan daa kendaree bindoo rab dee dibataa naheen, manakh dee manakhataa hai| uh pahilaa panjaabee kavee hai jisane rab noo dharam de nukate ton naheen sagon manakh naal usade rishate dee dristtee ton vekhan daa yatan keetaa| bhaaee veer singh ate dooje rehasavaadee kaveean de vipareet usadee kavitaa vich zor paramaatamaa de daivee saroop noo prabhaasit karan upar naheen paramaatamaa de manakhee anubhav upar hai| usadee kavitaa vichalaa rab naa bhaaee veer singh vaang niraanoor hai ate naa hee manakhee pahunch ton parhe dee koee paraamanakhee hond| manakh ate prakiratee vaang usadee kavitaa vich rab daa chitaran vee tthos hakeekat vaang hoeaa hai kise amoorat sankalap vaang naheen, jo manakhee anubhav dee pakarr vich hee naa aa sake| uh rab noo meriaa rabaa de roop vich chitav ke manakh naal usadaa rishataa sahij maanavataa daa banaa dindaa hai| iaun rab, manakh lee naa apahunch rahindaa hai ate naa hee sharadhaapoojaa dee lakhaaeik koee pavatar dibahond| uh rab daa naa daiveekaran karadaa hai naa nirasareereekaran, sagon usanoo manakh de dukhasukh ch shareek hundee hasatee vajon chitavadaa hai| so pooran singh rab noo manakh ate dharatee de sach dee dristtee ton dekhadaa hai naa ki sansathaaee dharam dee reeteevaadee upaasanaamoolak dristtee ton| pramaan vajon aaveen toon rabaa meriaa kavitaa deean ih sataraan parreean jaa sakadeean han

aaveen toon rabaa meriaa

vahilaa vahilaa aaveen taavalaa taavalaa

te satteen pare hath mere vichon khoh ke

eih ghantteean, ttaleean

jiharreean main hath vich farreean,

teree poojaa lee

te aaveen bujhaaveen aap toon aapane hath naal,

eih deeve thaal vich paae main,

teree aaratee karan noo|

te pakarree hath mere sanbhaaleen mainoo tere darashan dee khusee vich ddigadee noo

te rakheen doven hath aapane mere peele peele moonh te

te chukeen chukeen rabaa aapane hatheen

meraa mukh utaahaan noo...

te iaun parrhaaeen rabaa

aapanee anaparrh jihee, jhalee jihee baradeean

auh dhur andar dee bhet vaalee vidiaa sach dee

khalhe maidaana

rab daa paraamanakhee saroop maanavavaadee chintan noo saveekaar naheen see, eise lee pooran singh rab de manakhee anubhav ton baahare kise vee roop noo pravaan naheen karadaa ate doojaa uh rab dee praapatee lee keete jaan vaale us saare dhaaramik karamakaandd noo belorraa sidh karadaa hai, jisanoo pujaaree varag manakh de pavitar faraz ate mukatee de saadhan vajon pesh karadaa see| pooran singh pujaaree varag de flasafe ate us duaaraa niradhaarat dhaaramik karamakaandd de reeteebadh duharaau noo haneree kottharree dee kaid, afeemasharaab de nase ate rasaheen kaamakreerraa jihe nakaaraatamak amal daa naan dindaa hai| falasafaa ate aaratt unara ate khulhe ghundd kaav sangreh dee bhoomikaa vich uh naa keval dharam de karamakaanddee nibhaa dee baanjh prakiriaa noo gulaamee jaan mauat de chinh vajon pesh karadaa hai, sagon us samachee giaanaparanparaa falasafe noo vee rad karadaa hai, jiharree rab naal manakh de aatamik rishate dee thaan dharam de bhekh ate baaharee karamakaandd de reeteevaadee nibhaau dee vakaalat karadee hai| dharam ate falasafe vaang pooran singh us kalaasankalap noo vee rad karadaa hai, jo manakh noo aatamik ameeree naheen bakhashadaa| pooran singh naa aulee lagee soch vaale bande noo saadh manadaa hai ate naa andaralee jot de chaanan ton sakhane ate kirat ton ttutte filaasafr ate kavee noo hunaravaan| dharam, falasafaa ate kalaa je manakhee surat noo udaatataa naheen bakhashade taan pooran singh dee nazar vich uh baanjh han| ihanaan daa udes manakhee chetanaa noo jagaa ke manakh noo sirajanaseel banaaunaa hai| ise lee uh dikhaave de dharam, kore falasafe ate manakhee saar ton sakhanee kalaa naalon manakh dee kirat noo ucheraa darajaa dindaa hai| pooran singh kirat ate kalaa sirajanaa noo manakh de manakhatav dee pramaanik kasauattee vajon chitavadaa hai| kirat ate

kalaasirajanaa manakh dee maualikataa noo ujaagar hon daa mauakaa dindeean han| kirat, navasirajanaa de roop vich manakh de aatamavisataar ate udaatapad noo pahunchan daa vaseelaa hai| ise lee pooran singh manakhee kirat ate kalaasirajanaa noo dharama saadhanaa ate falasafe naalon ucheraa darajaa dindaa hai| pooran singh de kirat ate kalaa sankalapaan noo reeteevaadee dharamasaadhanaa ate sanaatanee giaanaparanparaa de virodh vich hee samajhiaa jaa sakadaa hai, jinhaan ne pooran singh de samakaalee manakh dee chetanaa noo sun ate sirajan dee shakatee noo kheen kar chhaddiaa see| pooran singh daa kirat daa sankalap dharam, falasafe ate kalaa de maaroo asaraan de virodh vich pooran singh de badalavendarashan alattemattive visiona noo pesh karadaa hai| pramaan vajon usadeean ih sataraan dhiaan yog han

khulhe maidaanaan de lok haneree kottharree painde,

authe bhoot vasade

aunhaan deean gulaameean karade

paanee dtonde, lakarraan kattade...

murramurr rab rab karade,

mate kujh bane par asar koee naheen

savaad naheen aaundaa, ras naheen aaundaa

einaa vee jinaa do paise dee

afeem vich, eik piaale sharaab vich

rab rab karade berasaa, bahurree kidharon koee naanh

aakhar khap khap rab theen munakarade

eiho naanh khedd, dharam theen adharam hon dee|

binaa ras de jog theen bhog changaa lagadaa

murr murr piaale pee pee. zanaaneean de gale lagade

moe hoe moeean noo maarade, keerre katoore vadhade, hor hunde vadh

gulaamee karan noo bhootaan dee

kirat theen chhuttarr lokeen, maare falasafe tthag de|

khalhe ghundda

geetaa parrhan, kuraan parrhan

aupanishad parrhan, puraan saare

hanere vich rab theen bhuliaan

eik kaaee bhootamain noo paalade

keerre vadhade, katoore|

khalhe ghundda

falasafaa maare, aaratt maare

andar jagee jot binaa sabh haneraa haneraa|

khalhe ghundda

bas, enaa nikaa jihaa bhet hai

falasafe te aaratt, man dee haneree main te kiratee main vich

aarattakirat dee ttoh jaanadee

paaras karataar hath dee chhoh sayaanadaa

eih saravagat aaratt unara dee

but vich chitar vich

rang kise vich baitthee, sutee jeendee, jaagadee,

hiladee preetam dee bas yaad taar hai

khalhe ghundda

manakh dee manakhataa ton vaddaa te vakharaa koee vee rab pooran singh noo pravaan naheen| us noo manakh dee kirat ate sirajanaa vichon hee rab de darashan hunde han| pooran singh de kaavapaatar sadhaaran kameenrajhe lok han| ghar kee gahil changee, kumihaar te kumihaaran, panjaab de majoor, hal vaahun vaale, panjaab dee aheeran ik gohe thapadee, ate rauanak baazaar dee aad kavitaavaan vich uh sadhaaran kirateean de nit de kaaravihaar ate sirajanaa noo daivee jalo de roop vich pesh karadaa hai| ghar dee gahil us noo koee anapachhaatee devee lagadee hai, ausade jaagan naal hee saaree kaaeinaat jaagadee hai, auhadaa paanee bharanaa, aattaa chhaananaa, ag baalanee, dhaar chonee, rottee pakaaunee sabh pavitar daivee karam han| usade hathon paanee peenaa, rottee khaanaa sabh yogaanbhogaan ton vadh koee rabee rahimat jihaa karam hai| hal vaahun vaale saare jag de bhanddaaree han, raaje vee ihanaan de dar de mangate han| khooh te paanee bharadeean kurreean ton fakeer lok jeevan daa daan mangade han| kumihaar te kumihaaran dee saanjhee mehanat duneean noo reejhaaun vaaleean anekaan roopaghaarrataan noo janam dindee hai| uhanaan daa kam samaadhee jihaa vajad paidaa karadaa hai| gohe pathadee aheeran daa husan kise agam de desh

de suhaj jhaavale paaundaa hai| pooran naath jogee kavitaa vich uh ichharaan de vaatasal piaar noo hatthayog ton uchaa sahijayog kahindaa hai| maanhonaa sabh yogaan ton uchaa koee rabeekaram hai| maanhon karake hee ichharaan raanee dhur dee, devee, maan yoganee, bhagat, daataa, suramat hai| pooran singh dee nazar vich maan honaa, dhee bhain daa daivee raaj hai, eise lee ih uh maan de piaar ate faraz noo rabee karam vajon prabhaashit karadaa hai