sataasantulan, sarabasataa ate saaeins

1

saare manakhee samaaj, shakatee de vaadhe noo surakhiaa dee daleel manade hoe, aapanee shakatee vich vaadhaa karade aae han| sipaaheeansainikaan dee ginatee vich vaadhaa, yudhakalaa dee sikhalaaee, jangee hathiaaraan dee unatee, aapane naagarikaan dee maanasikataa vich deshabhagatee, yudhapreeataa, bahaadaree, kurabaanee ate jitapreeataa varage bhaavaan daa sanchaar ate dooje deshaan naal sainik gatthabandhan aapanee skatee vich vaadhaa karan de tareeke han jinhaan dee varaton hazaaraan saalaan ton hundee aa rahee hai| har des aapane guaandtee des ton khataraa mahisoos karadaa aaeaa hai ate aapanee rakhiaa lee aapane virodhee des jinee jaan us naalon bahutee sataa daa sanchaar karan vich siaanap samajhadaa aaeaa hai|

eis siaanap noo ate is siaanap vichon upajan vaale kauamee vivahaar noo, aadhunik samen vich sataa daa santulan bhalanache odd foaaera aakhiaa jaandaa hai| sataasantulan dee jaanakaaree ate varaton bahut puraanee hai; parantoo, eis siaasee vivahaar daa naamakaran aadhunik samen solhaveen sadee vich keetaa giaa see | yoonaanee vichaaravaan ddimaasatheeneez dhemosattahenesa ate bhaaratee siaasee daarashanik kottalay chaanakiya sataasantulan de sabh ton puraane viaakhiaakaar han| ih doven lagapag samakaalee san | ddimaasatheeneez 383 poo ee vich janamiaa see| is daa pitaa ethanaz daa vasaneek see ate hathiaaraan de kaarakhaaniaan daa maalak, eik dhanaadt yoonaanee see| ddimaasatheeneez noo yoonaan daa sabh ton vaddaa vakataa maniaa giaa hai| is de bhaashanaan de prabhaav adheen ethanaj de lok maiseddoneean makadooneeansikandar daa des dee apaar sainik bakatee daa ttaakaraa karan lee tiaar ho ge san| sikandar de pitaa, filip ne 338 poo ee vich ethanaz dee sainaa noo lak torraveen haar ditee| ethanaj daa ik hor bhaashanakaar eesakeeneej aesachahinesa, jo yoonaan daa ate duneea daa dooje nanthar daa vakataa maniaa jaandaa hai, eis daa virodhee see | uh chaahundaa see ki yoonaanee lok jang daa raah naa apanaaun ate sikandar de pitaa, filip, naal dosatee karan| eesakeeneez de dharre de lokaan ne ddimaasatheeneej ute mukadamaa chalaaeaa| aapanee safaaee pesh karadiaan hoeaan ddimaasatheeneej ne aapane jeevan vich bhaashan ditaa jo ki yoonaanee likhataan vich mauajood hai jisadaa