sonaa daualat, surakhiaa ate nivesh lee sadeevee sanpatee

sone noo puraane samiaan ton dhanasanpatee, shakatee ate aarathik surakhiaa daa prateek maniaa jaandaa rihaa hai| sonaa is duneea te mauajood sabh ton keematee dhaataan vichon ik hai| praacheen sabhiataavaan ton lai ke aadhunik sansaar vich, sone ne ik keematee dhaat vajon aapanee pachhaan barakaraar rakhee hai| akasar mahingaaee vich vaadhe ate aarathik asathirataa fanabasap;daa mukaabalaa karan lee sonaa khareedanaa ik mehatavapooran kadam ho sakadaa hai| fanabasap;aj daa ih lekh tuhaanoo sone dee mehatataa, sonaa ik surakhiat nives kiaun maniaa jaandaa hai ate visv arathavivasathaa vich isadee bhoomikaa baare jaanoo karavaaegaa| aseen mudaraasafeetee naal isade sabandh ate sone vich nives karan de laabhaan dee vee parrachol karaange|sone dee sadeevee mehatataasone dee mehatataa puraatan samiaan ate sabhiaachaaraan ton shuroo hoke ajoke yug fanabasap;vach jiaun dee tiaun kaaeim hai| itihaasak tauar fa39;te, sone noo ik vapaarik mudaraa vajon ate daualat de maap lee varatiaa jaandaa see| jis raaj de raaje kol bahut vaddaa sone daa bhanddaar hundaa see usanoo sabh ton khushahaal ate ameer raaj maniaa jaandaa see| sone noo siraf ik mudaraa hee naheen sagon skatee, niyantaran ate changee aarathik sathitee daa prateek maniaa jaandaa see|aadhunik samen vich, sonaa visv dee arathavivasathaaechonome vich ik mehatavapooran bhoomikaa nibhaaundaa hai jadon ki bahut saare des hun sone noo aapane mudaraa de miaarachurarenache sttandarada vajon naheen varatade| kendaree baink aje vee aapane videsee bhanddaar de hise vajon vaddee maataraa vich sonaa rakhade han| sonaa desaan dee vitee surakhiaa noo niyantaran vich rakhadaa hai ate deshaan noo aapanee mudaraa de mul vich giraavatt ate aarathik asathirataa samen sankattaan ton bachaaundaa hai|sonaa surakhiat kiaun hai aarathik asathirataa de viradh ik dtaal hedage sone ne ik fatuott;sef haivanasadde havenafatuott; sanpatee vajon parasadhee haasal keetee hai| baakee karanseean de ulatt, jo ki mahingaaee jaan sarakaar de ferabadal ton prabhaavit ho sakadeean han, sonaa subhaavik tauar fa39;te keematee hai ate is de mul vich her fer inee asaanee naal naheen ho sakadaa| isade surakhiat hon daa mukh kaaran isadaa andaroonee mulainattarinasich value hai| sonaa kise ik sarakaar, vitee sansathaa jaan mudaraa de naal jurriaa naheen hai, jis naal ih baazaar de utaraacharrhaa ate raajaneetik asathirataa ton mukat ho jaandaa hai|jadon arathavivasathaavaan mahingaaee daa saahamanaa karadeean han matalab ki desh vich mahingaaee vadhadee hai taan sonaa aapanee keemat barakaraar rakhadaa hai jadon ki kaagajee paisaa khareed skatee guaa dindaa hai| itihaasak tauar fa39;te, 1970 de dahaake varage haaeeeinafaleshan de dauar dauaraan jaan jinbaabave varage desaan vich, sone ne baakee sabh mudaraavaan noo pachhaarr ditaa hai| ihee kaaran hai ki nivesk akasar vitee sankattaan jaan bhooraajaneetik asathirataa dauaraan sone val aakarashit hunde han|eis ton ilaavaa, sonaa ik seemat sarot hai| feett mudaraavaanddiatt churarenachiesa de ulatt, jo kendaree bainkaan duaaraa vaddee maataraa vich chhaapeean jaa sakadeean han, sone dee sapalaaee seemat hai| dharatee fa39;te siraf ik nischit maataraa vich hee sonaa upalabadh hai, jo samen de naal isadee keemat noo barakaraar rakhan vich madad karadaa hai| sone dee ghatt maataraa hee isanoo ik surakhiat ate bharosemand nivesh banaaundee hai|sonaa kiven banaaeaa jaandaa hai dharatee chon kadtan ate sodhan dee prakiriaasonaa mukh tauar fa39;te do tareekiaan naal maaeening raaheen dharatee vichon praapat hundaa hai haaradd raak maaeening ate palesar maaeening| haaradd raak maaeening vich, sonaa dharatee dee sateh vichon ddoonghe dhaat de bhanddaaraan chon kadtiaa jaandaa hai| jad sone naal yukat kise chattaan dee khudaaee keetee jaandee hai, taan isanoo torriaa jaandaa hai ate aale duaale deean chattaanaan ton sone noo vakh karan lee saaeinaaeedd varage rasaaeinaan dee varaton keetee jaandee hai|palesar maaeening vich, sonaa nadee de tal ate hor talachhatt bhanddaaraan ton kadtiaa jaandaa hai| pahilaan paanee ate makaineekal prakiriaavaan dee varaton karake sone de kanaan noo mittee jaan bajaree ton vakh keetaa jaandaa hai| fir sone noo sdh karan lee rifaaeening prosais vichon gujranaa paindaa hai| rifaaeening vich sone ton asdheean noo hattaaunaa saamal hundaa hai, jisade nateeje vajon sdh 24kairett sonaa praapat hundaa hai| fir sdh sone noo sikiaan, baaraan jaan gahiniaan ate vapaarik aadaan pradaan lee dtukaven hor roopaan vich aakaar ditaa jaandaa hai|sone daa mul ate mudaraasafeeteeenaddlattionamahingaaee de samen vee sone daa mul mukaabalatan sathir rahindaa hai| baakee mudaraavaan de ulatt, jo mahingaaee vadhan fa39;te khareed skatee guaa dindeean han, sonaa samen de naal vadhadaa rahindaa hai| udaaharan vajon, 1970 de dahaake vich mahingaaee de dauar dauaraan, jadon amareekee ddaalar dee keemat vich kaafee giraavatt aaee tad sone dee keemat vadh gee see, jis naal niveskaan dee daualat dee rakhiaa hoee ate uh vadde nukasaan ton bach ge|aarathik mandee jaan visvaviaapee vitee sankattaan de samen, jiven ki 2008 de vitee karais jaan haal hee vich koronaa chhauarreedha19 mahaamaaree samen sone ne ik surakhiat sanpatee vajon aapanee bhoomikaa saabat keetee hai| jiven ki saare deshaan de sattaak maarakeett karais ho ge san par fir vee sone dee keemat vadh rahee see| nivesk aapanee daualat noo asathir sattaak maarakeett ate mudaraasafeetee de dabaa ton bachaaun lee sone val aakarashit hunde rahinde han|sone vich nives karan de faaeidesone vich nives karan naal kee tarhaan de laabh milade hanvibhinataadhiverasiddichattiona sonaa aapane porattafoleeo vich vibhinataa lee ik mukh sanpatee hai| isadaa aam tauar fa39;te sattaak jaan bauandd varageean hor sanpateean naal ghatt sabandh hundaa hai, bhaav ih ik surakhiat mudaraa vajon kam kar sakadaa hai jadon hor nives jaan sattaak ghatt pradarasn kar rahe hunde han|taralataalituiditte sonaa bahut jiaadaa taral hundaa hai bhaav isanoo aasaanee naal nakadee vich badaliaa jaa sakadaa hai jaan vitee lainaden vich varatiaa jaa sakadaa hai| nives de hor roopaan de ulatt, jiven ki reeal asattett, sone noo vechan jaan aikasachenj karan lee gunjhaladaar prakiriaavaan dee lorr naheen hundee hai|daualat sanbhaalaanealattah fareservattiona ik tthos sanpatee de roop vich, sone daa lanbe samen lee daualat noo surakhiat rakhan daa fanabasap;rikaaradd kaaeim hai| ih aarathik asathirataa ate mudaraa de mul vich giraavatt de viradh ik dtaal vajon kam karadaa hai, jo isanoo daualat dee sanbhaal lee aadaras banaaundaa hai|mahingaaee ton bachaa uch mahingaaee de samen sone dee keemat fanabasap;lagaataar vadhadee hai jo isanoo khareed skatee dee rakhiaa lee ik keematee sarot banaaundee hai|chottee de desaan de sone de bhanddaarasone de bhanddaar kise des dee vitee sathirataa daa ik jrooree hisaa han| hetth likhe desaan kol sabh ton vadde sone de bhanddaar hansanyukat raaj amareekaa amareekaa kol sabh ton vaddaa sone daa bhanddaar hai, inhaan kol 8,000 ttan ton vadh sonaa hai jo amareekaa dee fanabasap;aarathikataa daa ik mehatavapooran hisaa hai|jaramanee jaramanee kol lagabhag 3,300 ttan sonaa hai, jo des dee aarathikataa daa ik mukh tat hai|eittalee ate faraans dovaan desaan kol vadde bhanddaar han, jo unhaan dee vitee surakhiaa lee ik neenh vajon kam karade han|cheen ate bhaarat visv arathavivasathaa vich pramakh khiddaareean de roop vich, cheen ate bhaarat doven aapane sone de bhanddaar noo vadhaa rahe han| bhaarat vich sone naal lokaan deean sabhiaachaarak ate dhaaramik bhaavanaavaan jurreean hon kaaran fanabasap;isade bhanddaar vich vaadhaa ho rihaa hai, jadon ki cheen dee vadhadee arathavivasathaa aapane vitee bhavakh noo surakhiat karan dee kosis karake sonaa khareed rahee hai|roos roos amareekee ddaalar fa39;te aapanee nirabharataa ghattaaun ate aapanee vitee sathirataa noo majboot karan lee lagaataar sonaa ikatthaa kar rihaa hai|eih des samajhade han ki sonaa ik lanbe samen lee keetaa nives hai jo aarathik ate bhooraajaneetik jokhamaan de viradh ik surakhiak mudaraa vajon kam kar sakadaa hai|sone de nives vich ubhar rahe rujhaanahaal hee de saalaan vich, sone naal sabandhit eetteeaif otthadta matalab aikasachenjattreddadd fanddas vich vaadhaa hoeaa hai| ih fandd niveskaan noo sone noo aapane kol tthos roop vich rakhan dee bajaae ddijeettal roop vich khareedan dee aagiaa dinde han, jis naal sattaak maarakeett vich sonaa khareedanaa ate vechanaa aasaan ho jaandaa hai| inhaan fanddaan vich sone daa bhaa usade asal mul vich vaadhe jaan ghaatte anusaar badaladaa rahindaa hai|eis ton ilaavaa, sone naal sabandhit kripattokaranseean vee ubhar ke saahamane aaeean han, jo balaakachain takanaalojee deean naveenatam visestaavaan naal sone dee ravaaeitee surakhiaa noo vadhaaundeean han| ddijeettal sone daa ih navaan roop niveskaan noo vadhere aadhunik, ate aasaanee naal fanabasap;sone dee khareedofarokhat karan dee aagiaa dindaa hai|vaataavaran naal sabandhit mudiaan pratee vadhadee jaagarookataa ne fanabasap;sone dee khudaaee fa39;te vee prabhaav paaeaa hai| sone dee khudaaee ate usadee rifaaeining prakiriaa ton vaataavaran te pain vaale maarre prabhaav noo ghattaaun de yatan keete jaa rahe han|sittaavisv arathavivasathaa vich sonaa pahile nanbar dee sabh ton keematee sanpatee baniaa hoeaa hai| isadee khareed skatee noo barakaraar rakhan, mahingaaee ton bachaaun ate sankatt de samen surakhiaa pradaan karan dee yogataa hee isanoo baakee sabh mudaraavaan ate kripatto ton bihatar vikalap banaaundee hai| fanabasap;sonaa daualat daa ik sadeevee prateek ate ik surakhiat nives daa vikalap baniaa hoeaa hai| jadon vee visv baajaar anischitataa daa saahamanaa karade han, sonaa binaan sk daualat dee sanbhaal ate vitee yojanaabandee vich ik mehatavapooran bhoomikaa nibhaaundaa rahegaa|sone vich nives karake bhaaven tuseen isanoo bhauatik roop vich khareed ke kol rakho jaan aanalaaeen maadhiamaan raaheen khareedo ih tuhaanoo aarathik sankattaan, mahingaaee ate bhooraajaneetik asathirataa ton aapanee daualat dee rakhiaa karan vich sahaaee hovegaa| isade sathaaee mul ate surakhiat subhaa kaaran, sonaa asal vich aadhunik vit daa ik adhaar hai|