s. m, Corruption of the Sanskrit word, Shiva. The third god of the Hindu tṛiad. He is the destroyer but is identified also with the principles of creation and reproduction and therefore is generally worshipped under the form of phallus. His eight principle manifestations are Rudra, Bhava, Sarva, Isana, Pashupata, Bhima, Ugra, Mabadeo, which are visibly represented by the following 8 material forms (Tanus), Sun, Water, Earth, Air, Fire, Ether, the officiating Brahman and the moon, by these he upholds the universe. He shares the office of judge with Yama and Varuna; as destroyer of the world he is Kál or Time; as Adhnárí he is half male half female to symbolize the unity of the generative principle. He has three eyes which denote past, present and future, while a crescent above the central eye denotes measure of time by months, the serpent round his neck by years, the necklace of skulls and other serpents shews the unending revolution of ages. On his head he bears the Ganges which he caught thus that it might not crush the earth as it fell. His throat is dark blue from the effect of the poison produced at the churning of the Ocean, which would have destroyed the world, had he not drunk it. At the end of every kalp he destroys not only all created beings, but all the gods including Brahma and Vishnu. He is said to have burnt them up by a flash of his central eye and rubbed the ashes on his body, hence ashes are considered of great importance in his worship. His devotees smear themselves with ashes, mat their hair as his is matted, and sit on a tiger skin (when they can get one) as he is supposed to do. He has strictly no incarnations. He is especially worshipped at Benares, and has one thousand and eight names. He is usually represented as intoxicated with Bhaṇg. His heaven is called Kailá:—shibrátrí, s. f. lit. Shiva's night. A celeberated and very popular festival in honour of Shiva kept on the 14th of the dark half of the month Phaggaṉ, when a rigorous fast and various ceremonies are observed during the day and night:—shib jí, s. m. The same as Shib:—shib liṇgí, the Desmodium sp., Nat. Ord. Leguminosæ, leaves used medicinally:—shib purí, s. m. The name of Benares:—shib shib karná, v. a. To repeat the name of Shiva.